Objective To research the neural substracts for the processing of the discourse-level English writing using PET-CT.Method Six healthy people underwent 18F-FDG PET examination in the pseudo-writing condition and the discourse-level English writing condition.statistical parametric mapping(SPM)was used to investigate the activicated focus in english writing thruugh pared-t test.Results The activated foci were observed in left inferior parietal lobule,left postcentral gyrus,left cingulate gyrus,left putamen,fight frontal precentral gyrus,right superior frontal gyrus,right thalamus medial dorsal nucleus,both cerebellum(P＜0.05).Conclusions The writing of English as a second language implicates conical and subcortical structures.Left inferior parietal lobule,right frontal and both cerebellum participate in the language production and processes,and left putamen is more engaged in English learning.

Objective To study the expressions of P57~(kip2) mRNA and genetic instability of P57~(kip2) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods In situ hybridization(ISH) was used to detect the expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA in HCC.MSI and LOH were detected by PCR-polyacrylamide gel electmphoresis-silver staining method.Results There was no expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA found in normal liver tissue.The expression rate of P57~(kip2) mRNA in both pericancerous cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was 26.7%(8/30).LOH was not identified in 30 cases on three microsatellite loeies;there were 2 microsatellite loeies showing MSI,the total rate of MSI was 16.7%.There was correlation found between the MSI of D11S1760 locies and the expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA(P＜0.05).Conclusion The disorder expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA indicated that P57~(kip2) might be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and prognosis.MSI may be one of the reasons that explains the disorder expression of P57~(kip2) mRNA in hepatocarcinogenesis and prognosis.

Aim To investigate the expression and im-plication of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 in PC12 cell in-jury induced by lead acetate. Methods PC12 cells were treated with lead acetate at the doses of 100 , 200 and 400 μmol·L-1 . The cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH assay, the intracellu-lar production of oxygen species was measured by as-sessing SOD and MDA levels, cell apoptosis was deter-mined by Hoechst 33342 staining, the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 , Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Lead ac-etate induced cell injury in PC12 cells in a dose-de-pendent manner, and it potentiated oxygen radical pro-duction and cell apoptosis. In addition, lead acetate enhanced HIF-1α and ROCK-2 expressions, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased FoxM1 expression. Conclusion Lead acetate can induce PC12 cell apop-tosis, which may be related with the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 and FoxM1 . Cellular oxidative stress may contribute to the injury as well.

Aim To investigate the role of HIF-1 αin PC1 2 cell injury induced by quinolinic acid.Methods PC1 2 cells were treated with quinolinic acid at the do-ses of 2.5,5 and 1 0 mmol·L -1 ,the cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH as-say,the intracellular levels of oxygen species was measured by assessing SOD and MDA levels,cell ap-optosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining,the intracellular distribution of HIF-1 αwas examined by HIF-1 αimmunostaining,and the expressions of HIF-1 α,Akt,p-Akt,Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by im-munoblotting analysis.Results Quinolinic acid in-duced cell injury in PC1 2 cells in a dose-dependent manner,and potentiated oxygen radical production and cell apoptosis.In addition,quinolinic acid enhanced HIF-1 αexpression and accumulation in nuclei.The p-Akt expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased by quinolinc acid in PC1 2 cells.Conclusions HIF-1 αand Akt mediate qunolinc acid-induced cell apoptosis in PC1 2 cells.And cellular oxidative stress may con-tribute to the injury as well.

The gait rehabilitation robots for stroke are responding to the development of the understanding of stroke rehabilitation, but still some challenges for application may be faced to, as found in AutoAmbulator. Some advices were dicussed from the view of the practice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether quinolinic acid(QA)induces autophagy in PC12 cells and its relationship with glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin related signaling path?ways. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol·L-1 for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Autophagy fluorescent spots labelled form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)was examined by LC3 immunostaining. The expressions of GSK-3β,β-catenin,LC3 and Beclin 1 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS QA inhibited PC12 cell survival in a concentration-dependent manner,and IC50 was 8.7 mmol · L- 1. Compared with normal control group,QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol · L-1 increased autophagic intracellular LC3 fluorescence spots,elevated the expression ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of Beclin 1 in PC12 cells(P<0.05). In addition,QA enhanced GSK-3βexpression and decreasedβ-catenin expression(P<0.05,P<0.01). CONCLUSION QA induces autophagy in PC12 cells. This mechanism may be associated with the activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin related signaling pathways.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of renal collecting duct carcinoma (CDC).Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with renal collecting duct carcinoma,during the period from January 2015 to November 2017,were retrospectively analyzed.3 patients were male with age ranged from 42 to 73 years old,mean of 57.5 years.Two lesions were located in the right kidney and one in the left kidney.Clinical manifestations were hematuria,abdominal mass and waist and abdomen pain.No laboratorial abnormality was found.CT examination showed the tumor diameter ranged from 3.1 to 5.1 cm,mean 3.9 cm.The tumors located in the medullary and renal pelvis with low density or mixed density.Those tumors extended to the peripheral of the kidney,which the boundary was unclear.During enhancement CT,the uneven enhancement effect could be observed.Radical nepheroectomy was performed in all patients.Results Postoperative pathological examination showed surface of incision was gray.The texture of tumor was hard.The invasive growth pattern could be noticed.Under the microscope,the tumors had small ducts and papillary structures of tubules with interstitial fibrosis and some sarcomatous differentiation.Immunohistochemical staining showed strong positive expression of vimentin,CK-L,CKpan and P504S,and positive expression of PAX-2,CK7 and EMA in different degrees.RCC,KSP,CD10,CD117,MOC-31 and TFE3 were all negative.All 3 cases were followed up from 1 to 15 months with an average of 6 months.One case was treated with chemotherapy because of extensive metastases after surgery.Chemotherapy was performed by dissolving 1 500 mg of fluorouracil in 1 000 ml of 5％ normal saline and instillation.It was administered once every 10-12 hours and once a day for 5 days in one cycle.However,the outcome was poor.1 patient died of tumor metastasis and recurrence 7 months after surgery.1 patient had no tumor remaining after surgery.Conclusions CDC is a very rare malignant epithelial neoplasm in kidney.It has obvious clinical symptoms,strong invasive pattern and poor prognosis.Imaging and ultrasonography only play an auxiliary role in diagnosis.CDC's unique histopathology is the main basis of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) on sperm quality in different stages of sperm development. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1 827 patients attending the reproductive medicine center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University during April 2013 to January 2015. Air pollution data from January 2013 to January 2015 was obtained from the database of Wuhan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. The generalized linear model was employed to assess the association between each exposure variables and sperm parameters for several exposure windows (0-9, 10-14, 15-69, 70-90, 0-90 days before sampling) . Results: The average levels of PM₁₀ was (116.2±71.6) μg/m³ during the research period. Sperm volume was (75.4±49.1) ×10⁶/ml in sample population, (29.4±16.2) % in progressive motility and (51.8±21.6) % in total motility. Exposure to PM₁₀ was inversely associated with sperm concentration (β:-0.319; 95%CI:-0.529,-0.046) during 70-90 lag days. PM₁₀ exposure during the 0-90 lag days was significantly associated with progressive motility (β:-0.312; 95%CI:-0.527,-0.097) and total motility (β:-0.347; 95%CI:-0.636,-0.059) after adjusted for age, education level, BMI, smoking, abstinence time, temperature, humidity and season. Conclusion Exposure to PM₁₀ was associated with statistically significant decrements in sperm concentration and motility, and the adverse impact on sperm concentration was significantly in early phases of spermatogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure to ozone (O₃) on sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Methods: All 1 780 subjects attending to the Reproductive Medicine Center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited from April, 4, 2013 to June, 30, 2015. The subjects were living in Wuhan more than 3 months before attending to the program, aged 20 to 40 years. Semen quality (sperm concentration and sperm count) were measured according to standardized protocols. Corresponding daily 8 hours average concentration of O₃, other polluted concentration, average temperature and relative humidity were collected in different time, including lag 0, 10, 70 and 90 d, and lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d, lag 70-90 d and lag 0-90 d. After controlling the age, BMI, education level and other confounders, generalized linear Model was used to investigate the association between O₃ and sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Results: Average daily concentration of O₃ during the study period was (114.20±74.88) μg/m³ and the mean values of sperm concentration and count were (76.32±50.17) millions/ml and (164.77 ± 133.05) millions/sample, respectively. Exposure to O₃ was associated with decreasing sperm concentration and count. For every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration during lag 10, lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days exposure windows were 0.040 (95%CI: 0.004-0.077) millions/ml, 0.081 (95% CI: 0.003-0.158) millions/ml and 0.059 (95% CI: 0.001-0.116) millions/ml, respectively. And the decrease of sperm count during lag 10, lag 0-9 days exposure windows were 0.105 (95%CI: 0.008-0.202) millions/sample and 0.221 (95% CI: 0.016-0.426) millions/sample. After stratification, in the ozone concentration ₅₀ and ≥P₅₀ groups, and the number of subjects in each exposure windows (lag 0-9, lag 10-14, lag 70-90, lag 0-90 days) were 887 and 893, 890 and 890, 895 and 885, 889 and 891, respectively. Compared with the high ozone concentration group, the effects of low group were more obvious. Furthermore, the effects of low concentration group was the most obvious during lag 10-14 days, for every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration was 0.249 (95% CI: 0.028-0.470) millions/ml. After sensitivity analysis, the effects of exposure to ozone on sperm concentration and sperm count remained relatively unchanged. Conclusion Our study suggested that exposure to O₃ was significantly associated with decreasing semen quality in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects were more obvious during lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days.