Objective To know the air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building before and after cleaning.Methods Three sets of central air-conditioning ventilation systems were selected from a building randomly and 3 air supply ways were selected in each system for the determination of inhalable particulate matter(PM10) and microorganisms in air before and after cleaning.Results After cleaning,the unqualified rate of air quality increased from 11.1%(before cleaning) to 77.8%.The mean value of PM10 increased from 0.051 mg/m3(before cleaning) to 0.083 mg/m3,the median of total account of bacteria and fungus increased from 150 cfu/m3 and 13 cfu/m2(before cleaning) to 570 cfu/m3 and 110 cfu/m3 respectively.Conclusion The air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building may be damaged by cleaning if the operation is not in the right way.

Objective To explore the effects of two air sampling methods including natural precipitation method and impacting method for detecting the bacterial count of indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants. Methods The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates for those two sampling methods were measured. The indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants were sampled by those two sampling methods simultaneously. The natural precipitation method was performed for 5- minute exposure ,the impacting method was performed by MAS-100 airborned bacteria sampler at flow rate of 100 L/min for 30 s,2 min,8 min respectively.All of the data on the bacterial counts of air obtained from various sampling ways were statistically analyzed.The measures for quality control of air sampling progress were put forward also. Results The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates were 8.39-8.70 cm,which were lower than the standard(9 cm?雪. The bacterial counts of air samples collected by natural precipitation method at the same location showed higher coefficient of variation,higher median,lower qualified rate compared with those by impacting method. The bacterial counts of air decreased,when the impacting sampling method was performed for 8 min continuously with sampling volume of 800 L. Conclusion The impacting method with advantages including mere influence from external environment and better precision could be primarily applied for air sampling in general condition,but it might show lower efficiency of collecting the airborne bacteria during the longer sampling period with higher sampling volume. The natural precipitation method with poor precision was suitable for longer term (8-30 min)air sampling in the relatively static environment with lower air flow and highly cleaned air. The bacterial counts of air obtained from natural precipitation method should be corrected if the diameters of glass bacteria-culture plates weren't meet the requirement of the national standard (9 cm?雪.

Objective To understand the distribution character of bacteria in the air of cosmetic workshops and present scientific data for the GMP establishment of cosmetic factories.Methods Of cosmetic factories 11 equipped with air depuration systems (ADS)(type I),13 with no ADS(type II)and 9 producing powder products (such as kermes,face mask,etc.) with no ADS(tyoe III)were chosen,distribution character of bacteria in the air was studied there.The bacteria samplings were conducted before and after operation and in winter and spring,summer and autumn respectively.Results The bacterial count in the three kinds of factories was:type I

0. 05); The long-term effective rate was 84. 21% in the treatment group and 54. 55% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P

Objective To explore the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among Uygurs and Hans in Xinjiang region,China.Methods From July 2008 to October 2010,the epidemiological investigation was performed in Southern,Eastern and Northern of Xinjiang.Based on the diagnostic standard of United States psychiatric society of spirit obstacles diagnosis and statistics manual Ⅳ amendment version in the mild cognitive function,483 MCI patients were diagnosed.Finally,314 MCI patients were selected from above according to the completion of data.Moreover,299 subjects were randomly selected as the control group from the investigation.General information and fasting plasma were collected,and blood glucose,blood lipid and biochemical indexes,serum hs-CRP,IL-1β,IL-6 of concentration were tested.The association between MCI and hs-CRP,IL-1β and IL-6 were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software.Results (1) The concentrations of serum hs-CRP,IL-1β and IL-6 in MCI group (3.40 (6.53) mg/L,0.09 (0.09) ng/L,136.08(96.77) pg/L) were significantly higher than that in control group (2.99 (3.91) mg/L,0.07(0.06) ng/L,79.32(68.79) pg/L) respectively (Z =-2.525,-2.946,-9.361,all P ＜0.05).(2)The concentrations of serum hs-CRP,IL-1β,IL-6 in Han MCI patients were significantly higher than that in Han non-MCI subject; The concentrations of serum IL-1β,IL-6 in Uygur MCI patients were significantly higher than that in Uygur non-MCI subjects; However,the hs-CRP concentration between MCI and non-MCI group is not statistically different among Uygurs.(3)Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that serum IL-1β(OR =1.008,95％ CI0.897-1.071,P =0.006),hs-CRP (OR =1.096,95％ CI1.056-1.137,P =0.000),IL-6 (OR =1.011,95％ CI1.008-1.014,P =0.000) were associated with MCI.Conclusion The hs-CRP,IL-1β and IL-6 were independent risk factors for MCI.

Applying problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method to clinical teaching of nephrology.Questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effect.The conclusion is that PBL method can enhance students'ability of active learning,analyzing and solving problems

Objective To investigate the effect ofglycesylated hemoglobin(GHbA,c) on tissue-type plasminngen activator (t-PA)and level of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodNinety patients with early DN from April 2004 to May 2005 were divided into 3 groups according to the level of GHbA1c,which was respectively less than 7% (group A),between 7% and 9% (group B),and more than 9% (greup C).Thirty healthy adults were chosen as control group.The levels of serum GHbA1c,t-PA and PAI-1 were detected on empty stomach in the morning.Results The level of serum t-PA was lower,the activity of PAI-1 was higher in groups of DN than those in control group (P＜0.05 or＜0.01),and those were changed with the level of GHbA,c.There were significant differences between group C and group A[t-PA:(0.14± 0.06),(0.28± 0.11) U/ml; PAI-1 (3.25 ±1.01),(1.90q± 1.09) U/ml](P＜0.05).Conclusions The fibrinolytic system exists unbalance in patients with early DN.Continuous hyperglycemia in patients with early DN make unbalanced fibrinolytic system more serious.Controlling the level of GHbA1c strictly can play an important role in delaying DN progress.

Objective To establish docetaxel (Doc) resistant MDA‐MB‐231/Doc model and epirubicin (Epi) resistant MDA‐MB‐231/Epi mode from triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 and to explore their biological characteristics .Methods The MDA‐MB‐231/Doc and MDA‐MB‐231/Epi drug‐resistant cell lines were respectively established by gradually increasing Doc or Epi concentrations induction method in 12 months .The biological characteristics of the cell lines were compared by the cell mor‐phological observation ,MTT and flow cytometry ;the real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect multi‐drug resist‐ance gene (MDR1) mRNA expression;the expression of P glycoprotein(P‐gp) ,estrogen receptor (ER) ,progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her‐2) was detected by Western Blot .Results After the 12‐month induction ,the established MDA‐MB‐231/Doc could grow stably in the medium containing 12 nmol/L Doc ,and MDA‐MB‐231/Epi could grow stably in the medium containing 800 nmol/L Epi;in the same drug concentration ,the growth proliferation rate of the drug resistant cell line was significantly higher than that of the parental generation cells ,their drug resistance indexes were 8 .32 times and 64 .93 rimes of parental generation sensitive cells ,moreover which showed the mutual cross drug resistant status .Compared to the parental generation cells ,the cells of stage G1 and G2 in two cell lines were increased and the cells of stage S were decreased ,with the prolon‐gation of drug withdrawal time ,the cell proliferation speed was accelerated .The expression level of MDR1 gene was increased in the two drug‐resistant cell lines ,which were 4 .05 times and 5 .96 times of parental generation cells respectively ,P‐gp protein expression was positive .Compared with the MCF‐7 cell line ,ER ,PR and Her2 expression in the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line was negative and typi‐cal triple negative breast cancer cell line .Conclusion The drug resistance cell lines of MDA‐MB‐231/Doc and MDA‐MB‐231/Epi are successfully established with stable growth and drug resistance .

Objective To evaluate the value of mistral-air inflatable blanket in neonatal temperature,postoperative complications,and the influence of the blood coagulation function after surgery undergoing general anesthesia.Methods A total of 60 newborns with laparotomy operation undergoing general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups,the control group and the observation group,30 persons each group.The newborns were given mistral-air inflatable blanket in the observation group,and conventional methods in the control group,two groups were transferred to Postanesthesia Care Unit by incubator at 37℃.The introperative nasopharyngeal temprature,HR,MAP and SpO2 were recorded before induction (T0),30 minutes during operation (T1),extubated instantly (T2),15 minutes during PACU (T3),30 min during PACU (T4).The extubation time and the incidence of apnoea and hyoxemia were recorded after operation.PT,APTT,TT and Fib were tested before induction and extubated instantly.Results The temperature of intraoperative and postoperative period were higher in the observation group than the control group,the difference was significant(P ＜ 0.05).The heart rates of intraoperative and postoperative period is significantly higher in the control group than the observation group,the difference was significant(P ＜ 0.05);the mean arterial pressure were no significant statistical difference(P ＞ 0.05).The observation group extubation time were less than the control group,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference about the incidence of hypoxemia and apnea in two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The PT,APTT,TT and Fib in the observation group were better than the control group,the difference between the groups was significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mistral-air inflatable blanket can effectively prevent the decrease of the body temperature during operation and PACU,reduce the exduction time and postoperative complications,and protect blood coagulation function.

AIM:Nitroxyl ( HNO) increases myofilament Ca 2+responsiveness relative to increases in intracel-lular Ca2+in cardiac muscle.In this study, we further investigated this effect of HNO on trabecular muscles from phospho-lamban knockout ( PLB-KO) and wide-type ( WT ) mice using a novel HNO donor , 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate ( NCA ) . METHODS:Trabecular muscles were dissected from the right ventricles of the rat hearts and mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm.The muscles were superfused with K-H solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature.Fura-2 was loaded into the trabecular muscles via electrophoresis .The length of the sarcomere was set to 2.2~2.3μm.During stead-y-state activations, the maximal Ca2+-activated force and Ca2+required for 50% activation were measured.RESULTS:The intracellular Ca 2+transients and force of the PLB-KO muscles at baseline were higher than those of the WT muscles and exhibited a negative force-frequency relationship (FFR).NCA (2.5μmol/L) increased systolic force in both PLB-KO group and WT group at any given [Ca2+]o.However, there was more dramatic increase in the force development due to moderate increases in the intracellular Ca 2+transients in the WT muscles when external Ca 2+increased from 1.5 to 4.5 mmol/L under NCA.NCA did not affect the negative FFR in PLB-KO muscle.Steady-state force-Ca2+relations obtained from skinned muscles were not different between the 2 groups, while NCA increased Ca2+responsiveness in skinned mus-cles from both PLB-KO and WT mice.CONCLUSION:HNO increases force development in both PLB-KO and WT mus-cles as a result of increases in myofilament Ca 2+responsiveness .The increased intracellular Ca 2+transients are accompa-nied by greater force development in WT mice , suggesting that HNO improves Ca 2+activation and establishes HNO as a positive inotropic agent with novel mechanisms .