Objective To compare the effect of different general anesthesia method on preoperation cognitive function in elderly patients.Methods According to the digital table,82 elderly patients(non cardiac surgical operation) were selected and divided into the two groups,each group 41 cases.The group A was given to sufentanil combined with propofol intravenous injection anesthesia,and the group B was given to sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia.The cognitive function of patients of two groups in preoperative,postoperative 3h,6h,24h were assessed by simple intelligence scale(MMSE),and the indicators of postoperative recovery were evaluated.Results The postoperative sleep time [(6.9 ± 1.2) min],language ability recovery time [(9.8 ± 2.2) min] in the group A were all higher than those of group B (t =6.687,5.640,all P ＜ 0.01).The MMSE scores in group A after 3h [(17.1 ± 2.2) points],6h [(19.6 ±2.7)points],24h[(22.4 ±2.3) points] were lower than those of group B(t =10.026,6.229,5.082,all P＜0.01).And the PCOD rate in group A after 24h was 36.6％,which was higher than 17.1％ in group B(x2 =3.98,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The inhalational anesthetic methods has more quickly postoperative recovery,lower incidence of cognitive dysfunction,better clinical effects.

Objective To study the role of zymosan in and the effects of total saponin of Panax notoginseng (PNS) on the formation of foam cells originating from peritoneal macrophages. Methods The peritoneal macrophages of mice were cultured with zymosan, PNS and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h. The shape of the foam cells was shown with the staining of red oil O dye. The content of total cholesterol (TC) in the foam cells was determined. The concentration of TNF? and IL-1 in the supernatant of the cell culture was measured. Results The TC content and the concentration of TNF-? and IL-1 were significantly higher in the zymosan group than in the PNS group. Conclusion Inflammation can accelerate the formation of foam cells through the pathway of inflammatory cytokines but PNS can reduce the formation with the inhibition of inflammation.

OBJECTIVETo explore a safe and effective scheme of analgesic for labor.

METHODSEighty-four primiparas without contraindication of vaginal delivery were divided into an observation group and a control group, 42 cases in each one. In the observation group, the acupoint injection was given at Zusanli (ST 36) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) at Hegu (LI 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) till the cervical opening at the end of first stage labor. In the control group, the routine respiratory instruction was applied. In 5 min, 10 min and 60 min of acupuncture (the same time points in the control group) as well as at the end of the first and second stage labor, the analgesic effect was assessed for the primiparas of the two groups. The labor stages, adverse reactions, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum urine retention, newborn asphyxia rate and usage rate of oxytocin were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSIn the observation group, in 5 min, 10 min and 60 min of acupuncture as well as at the end of the first and second stages, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was lower apparently as compared with the control group at the corresponding time points (all P < 0.05). The differences in the time limit in the active period, the second and third stages were not significant between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions and the usage rate of oxytocin were lower than those in the control group [2.4% (1/42) vs 31.0% (13/42); 2.4% (1/42) vs 23.8% (10/42), both P < 0.05]. The differences in postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum urine retention and newborn asphyxia rate were not significant between the two groups (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combination of acupoint injection and EA is the effective analgesic scheme for labor. This scheme effectively alleviates labor pain and has no maternal and child complications.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Labor, Obstetric ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)subtypes and the relationship with transmission routes in Shenzhen city. MethodsThe epidemiological survey was conducted in 429 subjects with HIV-1 infection.Vein blood was collected and prepared with anticoagulation.Thereafter,the viral nucleic acid was extracted and subsequently amplified for HIV-1 env,gag genes by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction. The viral sequences were analyzed using Mega software and compared with those in HIV database. The HIV-1 subtypes were confirmed and evolutionary tree was established. The gene discrete rate of different subtypes was calculated.ResultsFour hundred qualified samples were identified as CRF01_AE (n=207),CRF07_BC (n=115),CRF08 _BC (n=14),CRF02_AG (n=1),B (n=49) and C(n=14),respectively.CRF01_AE was the predominant subtype that was detected in the subjects with different transmission routes,such as homosexual contact,heterosexual contact,intravenous drug use and hospital-acquired infection. Among these,sexual contact was the most common route.There were nine cases infected with subtype B HIV-1 in 10 case who were blood borne. The gene discrete rate was more significant in subtype B HIV-1 compared to the other subtypes.According to the evolutionary tree analysis,the viruses under the same subtype formed the relatively independent clusters by different transmission routes. But some overlaps were observed as well. Conclusions Tbere are many HIV-1subtypes in HIV-1 infected subjects in Shenzhen, while the recombinant viruses present as the predominant form.Transmission routes are various with sexual contact as the most common route.Every subset distributes unevenly and forms its own characteristic.Overlap can be observed among the gene distribution of different HIV-1 subtypes.

Objective To know the air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building before and after cleaning.Methods Three sets of central air-conditioning ventilation systems were selected from a building randomly and 3 air supply ways were selected in each system for the determination of inhalable particulate matter(PM10) and microorganisms in air before and after cleaning.Results After cleaning,the unqualified rate of air quality increased from 11.1%(before cleaning) to 77.8%.The mean value of PM10 increased from 0.051 mg/m3(before cleaning) to 0.083 mg/m3,the median of total account of bacteria and fungus increased from 150 cfu/m3 and 13 cfu/m2(before cleaning) to 570 cfu/m3 and 110 cfu/m3 respectively.Conclusion The air supply quality of central air-conditioning ventilation system in building may be damaged by cleaning if the operation is not in the right way.

Objective To explore the effects of two air sampling methods including natural precipitation method and impacting method for detecting the bacterial count of indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants. Methods The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates for those two sampling methods were measured. The indoor air of workplace of cosmetic plants were sampled by those two sampling methods simultaneously. The natural precipitation method was performed for 5- minute exposure ,the impacting method was performed by MAS-100 airborned bacteria sampler at flow rate of 100 L/min for 30 s,2 min,8 min respectively.All of the data on the bacterial counts of air obtained from various sampling ways were statistically analyzed.The measures for quality control of air sampling progress were put forward also. Results The diameters of 44 glass bacteria-culture plates were 8.39-8.70 cm,which were lower than the standard(9 cm?雪. The bacterial counts of air samples collected by natural precipitation method at the same location showed higher coefficient of variation,higher median,lower qualified rate compared with those by impacting method. The bacterial counts of air decreased,when the impacting sampling method was performed for 8 min continuously with sampling volume of 800 L. Conclusion The impacting method with advantages including mere influence from external environment and better precision could be primarily applied for air sampling in general condition,but it might show lower efficiency of collecting the airborne bacteria during the longer sampling period with higher sampling volume. The natural precipitation method with poor precision was suitable for longer term (8-30 min)air sampling in the relatively static environment with lower air flow and highly cleaned air. The bacterial counts of air obtained from natural precipitation method should be corrected if the diameters of glass bacteria-culture plates weren't meet the requirement of the national standard (9 cm?雪.

Objective To understand the distribution character of bacteria in the air of cosmetic workshops and present scientific data for the GMP establishment of cosmetic factories.Methods Of cosmetic factories 11 equipped with air depuration systems (ADS)(type I),13 with no ADS(type II)and 9 producing powder products (such as kermes,face mask,etc.) with no ADS(tyoe III)were chosen,distribution character of bacteria in the air was studied there.The bacteria samplings were conducted before and after operation and in winter and spring,summer and autumn respectively.Results The bacterial count in the three kinds of factories was:type I

Objective To explore the correlation between Parkinson's disease(PD) and living habits.Methods 114 PD cases from ongoing PD prevalence survey in Beijing region and the neurological clinic center of Beijing Union Hospital and 205 controls matched on gender, race and residence were recruited in this study. Through in-person questionnaire interview, general data and living habits such as smoking, tea drinking and alcohol drinking were obtained and analyzed by population-based case control study.Results We observed reduced risk for PD in smokers(OR:0.538; 95%CI: 0.290, 0.998) and tea-drinkers(OR:0.199; 95%CI:0.114,0.346). There was no significant correlation between alcohol drinking and PD.Conclusion An inverse correlation exists in PD with smoking or tea drinking except for alcohol drinking.

Field cabin,a new generation of our military medical support system,was used in the Wenchuan Earthquake relief for the first time. The ordonnance and features of X-ray field cabin were also laid out. In Mianyang city,within 86 days,there were 710 wounded persons were checked up,and the rate of high quality photo was up to 85%. The rational ordonnance,steady performance,easily deployed and withdrawn features of the X-ray field cabin ensure it adapted to long-distance medical support and fulfill its mission effectively. However,some disadvantages of it are also found in the application,and innovating proposal is further introduced.

Objective To investigate the incidence and extent of biopsy tract contamination in malignant bone tumors by either core needle biopsy or open biopsy and detect the safe extent in resection of biopsy tract. Methods Forty-eight cases were performed core needle biopsy, including 37 osteosarcomas, 5 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 1 juxtacortical osteosarcoma, 1 low grade central osteosarcoma, 1 periosteal osteosarcoma, 1 primary malignant melanoma of bone and 2 chondrosarcomas. There were 37 males and 11 females with a mean age of 23.3 years (range, 10-64 years). The mean time between core needle biopsy and definitive surgery was 1.3 months (range, 0-2 months). All the patients were performed limb salvage surgery.Twenty-six cases were performed open biopsy, including 20 osteosareomas, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 2 chondrosarcomas, 1 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 lymphoma. There were 21males and 5 females with a mean age of 21.9 years (range, 8-59 years). The mean time between open biopsy and definitive surgery was 2.3 months (range, 1-4 months). The tumor and tissue around the biopsy tract at least 2 cm were resected. The pathological examination was performed in specimens via the biopsy tract, including the normal soft tissue outside the tumor, deep fascia, subcutaneous tissue and skin. The incidence and extent of biopsy tract contamination were evaluated with pathological examination. Results Forty-four cases were followed up. The mean follow-up time was 17.6 months (range, 4-39 months). In core needle biopsy group, four of forty-eight cases were found malignant tumor cells seeding in biopsy tract, the positive rate was 8.3%. In open biopsy group, all the cases were followed up with the mean time of 12.9 months (range, 2-29 months), and two of twenty-six cases were found malignant tumor cells seeding in biopsy tract,the positive rate was 7.7%. Conclusion Biopsy of malignant bone tumors has the risk of biopsy tract contamination. The tumor cell seeding exists in both core needle biopsy and open biopsy. The biopsy tract should be performed en bloc resection with the tumor.