Radical resection is the main procedure to cure colorectal cancer.In recent years,with the development of minimally invasive technique,clinical application of Da Vinci robotic surgical system in radical resection of colorectal cancer was increasing rapidly.However,there still remains controversy about whether Da Vinci robotic surgery is superior to conventional laparoscopic surgery.In this review,authors will summarize results of clinical researches on Da Vinci robotic surgery application in colorectal cancer,investigate its advantages,disadvantages and future research direction.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of ERC61,an extract from Rhizoma Curcumae on hematopoietic functions of mice pretreated by cyclophosphamide(CTX) and the proper regime of the administration of ERC61.METHODS:The experimental mice were treated with CTX(100mg? kg-1? d-1) by ip for 3 consecutive days to establish leucopenia model.ERC61 was ip administered to the prevention group,the treatment group,and the combined group(prevention+ treatment).The numbers of blood leucocytes and bone marrow cell were counted by conventional methods;spleen index was measured as well.RESULTS:ERC61 enhanced the count of leucocytes and nucleated cells in bone marrow and improved the level of spleen index.CONCLUSION:ERC61 is able to improve the disorders of hematopoietic functions induced by CTX,and the combination therapy of prevention and treatment is the optimum one in efficacy.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for content determination of Curdione in Nano-micelles loaded with Curdione.METHODS:Curdione was colored by sulfuric acid-vanillin reagent.The absorbance was measured by visible-spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 500nm.RESULTS:The content of Curdione in the range of 0.050～ 0.400mg? mL-1 was in accordance with the Lambert-Beer law(r=0.999 3).The average recovery was 99.14%,and the RSD was 1.23%(n=9).CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate and suitable for the content determination of curdione in Nano-micelles loaded with Curdione.

Merging medical universities with comprehensive universities has become an important aspect of colleges’and universities’reform in China.However,after merging with a comprehensive university,some problems have happened: decreased management efficiency as a result of over-hierarchical administration,neglect of own features of medical faculties,as well as less than expected cooperation of medical and nonmedical subjects and so on.In this context,from the perspective of an independent medical university,a theoretical and practical model for developing multidisciplinary faculty was formulated and implemented in an academic medical university,including background analysis,feasibility,developing principles,integrating strategies,in the hope of providing some implications for other independent medical schools.

In spite of the relative success achieved in degree-oriented education program in clinical medicine during its preliminary trial stage, problems remain in regard to its recognition and understanding, administration policy, testing systems and the quality control. To further improve the Effects of the actual teaching, it is of high importance that we further our understanding, strengthen the administration, consolidate the testing system and implement better supervision of the teaching procedures of the program.

Objective: To investigate the vaccine potency of GM-CSF anchored B16 tumor cells. Methods: In this study, mGM-CSF was expressed on surface of B16 mice melanoma cells by GPI-modifying. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with GM-CSF anchored cells and wide-type B16 cells to evaluate whether the GM-CSF anchored cells could elicit a protective and systemtic antitumor response. Results: GM-CSF anchored cells resulted in remarkable loss of tumorgenicity in syngenetic mice. The tumor occurrence rate of GM-CSF anchored B16 cells was 58. 8% on C57BL/6 mice with 1 ? 106 B16 cells/mice inoculated ( n = 12) and that of wide-type B16 cells was 100% , The C57BL/6 mice receiving inoculation with 5 ? 105GM-CSF anchored cells/mice never grew tumor. These mice were challenged with wide-type B16 cells, and only a minority of mice grew tumor after wide-type B16 cells inoculation. Conclusion:GM-CSF protein anchored cells could elicit a protective and systemtic antitumor responses.

Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution features of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among elderly in Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic groups so as to provide evidence for etiological study and prevention. Methods From July 2007 to October 2008, according to the criteria of DSM-IV for MCI,a randomized, stratified and cluster sampling procedure was used in the Uygur and Han elder people aged ≥60 years in south Xinjiang, east Xinjiang and Urumchi region. Results A total of 2986 people were surveyed, including 1519 Uygur people and 1467 Han people, and 1435 males and 1551 females. (1) According to the age composition of national census in 2000, the total crude prevalence rate of MCI was 10.21%, and the total standardized prevalence rate of MCI was 10.58% in Uygur and Han elder people. In general Uygur and Han population, the crude prevalence rates of MCI were 9.61% and 10.84%, and the standardized prevalence rates of MCI were 10.29%and 10.86%, respectively. The prevalence of MCI was higher in Han population than in Uygur population, but there was no statistical difference(χ~2 = 1.225, P>0.05). (2) In males and females, the crude prevalence rates of MCI were 9.34% and 11.03%, and the standardized prevalence rates of MCI were 9.26% and 11.62%, respectively. There was no difference in prevalence rate between different sex populations(χ~2 =2.314,P>0.05). (3) In elder people aged 60～69, 70～79 and≥80 years, the MCI prevalence rates were 6.83%, 13.22% and 22.22% in Uygur population and 8.64%, 12.50% and 19.30% in Han population, respectively, and the prevalence rate of MCI was increased with aging in the two thnic roups(χ_(for trend)~2=34.753, 14.081, both P<0.05). (4)There were statistical differences in prevalence rates of MCI among different education levels, and it was decreased with enhancement of education levels in Uygur and Han population(χ_(for trend) = 14.785, 21.059, both P<0.05). Conclusions In Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic elderly people, the prevalence rates of MCI are significantly different among elderly with different ages and education levels, and it is increased with aging, but is decreased with enhancement of education levels.

BACKGROUND:Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is closely associated with activity of dendritic cells (DCs) function.DCs derive from hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs) in vivo and many factors might affect the differentiation and maturation of DCs.The cytokine network was in disturbance and the levels of various cytokines were anomalous in SLE serum.Previous studies mainly addressed effects of single factors.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of joint action of serum interferon (IFN)-α and interieukin (IL)-6 in the serum of SLE patients on the differentiation and maturation of DCs derived from CD34~+ HPCs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The grouping,controlled and completely random designed study was performed at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Nanjing Medical University from May 2006 to October 2008.MATERIALS:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 SLE patients from the Department of Rheumatology,First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and 30 healthy volunteers from Nanjing Medical University.Cord blood samples were collected from 15 full-term normal delivery neonates from Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their family members.METHODS:Peripheral blood samples were collected from SLE patients and healthy volunteers.According to serum IFN-α and IL-6 concentrations of normal person,95% reference value range of serum IFN-α and IL-6 concentrations were calculated by the method of percentiles.Above this range represented abnormal increase.Cord blood mononuclear cells were harvested by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation.CD34~+HPCs were purified from cord blood by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS),and cultured to differentiate to DCs.There were 6 groups in this study.Normal serum,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6,SLE serum with anti-IFN-α and anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies,or normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 were respectively added to the culture medium in each group.10% volume fraction serum was used in each group,for totally 14 days incubation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The phenotype of DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).Cytokine production was assessed by ELISA.The capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation and to regulate T cell differentiation was evaluated in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).RESULTS:Compared with normal serum,HLA-DR,CD80 and CD86 expression was significantly increased in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6 and normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 (P＜0.05),whereas IL-12 levels were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced (P＜0.05).Above-mentioned indexes recovered to a normal level in the medium containing SLE serum with anti-IFN-α and anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies.Compared with normal serum,proportion of both CD3~+CD8~-IFN-γ~+ and CD3~+CD8~+IFN-γ~+ T cell subsets was significantly reduced in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6 (P＜0.05).However,proportion of both CD3~+CD8~-IFN-γ~+ and CD3~+CD8~+IFN-γ~+ T cell subsets was significantly increased in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels Of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6,normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The joint action of IFN-α and IL-6 in SLE serum promotes the differentiation and maturation of DCs derived from CD34+HPCs and affects the DC-mediated T cell differentiation,which might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.

BACKGROUND: Blood stem cells (BSCs) are the most primitive cells in the immune system and can be differentiated into many kinds of cells. As the regulatory cells of immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) have been attracted more and more attention in the field of autoimmune diseases. Due to different resources of precursor cells, DCs have different cytokines, ideal cytokine matching,applying orders, and experimental cultured conditions. Furthermore, development, phenotypic expression, and mature degree are still different.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- a ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the culture system and provide improved method for inducing functional DCs in vitro, derived from cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study, which was performed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University from March 2005 to November 2005.MATERIALS: The cord blood was collected from neonatal umbilical cord in the 81 Hospital of Nanjing City. CD34 monoclonal antibody coated magnetic bead system (MACS) was provided by Miltenyi Biotec Company, Germany; human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), human recombinant interleukin-4 (rhlL-4), and human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) by Pepro Tech Company, USA.METHODS: CD34+HPC were isolated and purified from umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS). Then the cells were cultured with different culture medium which contained different combinations of cytokines:GM-CSF and TNF-α (GT) or GM-CSF, TNF-α and IL-α (GTI) in order to be induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs).The DCs derived from CD34+HPC were identified for their morphology and phcnotype by FACS and laser scanning con_focal fluorescence microscopy, and also for their abilities of inducing proliferation of allogenic T cells by 3H-TdR incorporation assay.RESULTS: The purity of selected CD34+ cells with MACS was more than 90%. DCs could be obtained from CD34+HPC by the culture in presence of GM-CSF and TNF-α or GM-CSF, TNF- o and IL-4. With the time of culture lasting, the cells expressed lower level surface antigen of CD34 and HLA-DR (P ＜ 0.05), and possessed the phenotypes of DCs characterized by higher expression of CD80, CD86, CD83 and CDIa. At 13-15 days, the cells possessed higher level of phenotypes of DCs compared to 7-9 days and 10-12 days. DCs induced with GTI culture system expressed higher levels of surface antigen CD80, CD86, CD83,CD 1 a and a lower level of CD 14 than those induced with GT culture system. DCs displayed typical morphology and property and expressed higher level surface antigen of CD86 and CD80, especially expressed CD86 when they were induced with proper cytokines of GM-CSF and TNF- α added at 0 hour, and of IL-4 added at 48 hours.CONCLUSION: DCs can be generated from CD34+HPC by proper culture system, the design of GM-CSF + TNF- α + IL-4(GM-CSF and TNF- α were added at 0 hour, IL-4 was added at 48 hours) is preferred.

This study aims to investigate the effect of total flavones of Fructus Chorspondiatis (TFFC) on the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type I and III of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), and explore its anti-myocardial fibrosis molecular mechanism. Neonatal rat CFs were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats (1-3 d after birth). The expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The study showed that stimulation of neonatal rat CFs with 100 nmol.L-1 of Ang II for 72 h resulted in a significant increase of the expression of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein. The changes on the expression level were blocked by TFFC. The results demonstrated that TFFC can inhibit myocardial fibrosis induced by Ang II in rats, which is probably associated with the collagen type I and III mRNA and protein levels up-regulated by Ang II, and TFFC was shown to decrease the expression levels of collagen type I and III mRNA and protein.