OBJECTIVE: To define the future tasks of pharmaceutical care in asthmatic patients in order to improve pharmaceutical care. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 70 outpatients with non-controlled asthma and the data obtained were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: 20.00% of the patients investigated used only controller medications and 10.00% used only reliever medications; 30.00% showed good compliance; 43.28% were able to distinguish controllers from relievers in their own treatment regimens; the proportions of patients who didn't correctly use steroid containing metered-dose inhaler, reliever containing metered-dose inhaler, steroid containing turbuhaler and steroid containing accuhaler were 36.00%, 44.00%, 27.78%, and 23.81%, respectively; 14.29% of the patients kept an asthma diary but none was up to standard; 12.85% owned a peak flow meter; 88.57% judged their treatment outcomes only by symptoms; 51.43% were not aware of any adverse drug reactions of asthmatic medications. CONCLUSION: Asthmatic patients need to be more familiar with their medications. Meanwhile, they need to improve their medication compliance, inhalation technique and self management. Pharmacists should cooperate with other health care professionals and asthmatic patients to improve the asthma control standard in China.

NDST(New Drug Statistical Treatment)is a powerful tool for treating data of clinical trial and pre-clinical experimentation in the study of new drug. This paper, combined the some examples, introduced the new edition of the software (NDST-21) on the function and characteristics.

Objective To investigate the situation of flea species and distribution in the natural foci of plague in Baotou and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.Method Flea specimens collected over the years and literature recordings were analyzed systematically.Results A total of 5 families,19 genera and 39 fleas were recorded,and 9 of them could be naturally infected with plague bacteria (Nosopsyllus laeviceps,Xenopsylla conformis,Neopsylla pleskei,Citellophilus tesquorum,Neopsylla bidentatiformis,Leptopsylla pavlovskii,Ophthalmopsylla praefecta,Rhadinopsylla insolita and Frontopsylla luculenta).There were 34 fleas in the north area,and 14 of them were regional fleas; there were 25 species in south area,and 5 were regional fleas.Conclusion Flea distribution in Baotou City has obvious regional characteristics,and these fleas can be naturally infected by the plague.

The progress is reviewed on the studies of procyanicdins biological and pharmacological activities in the past ten years, including antioxidant,protecting cardiovascular system,regulating immunocompetence, antiviral, anticancer, antiulcer and antidepressant,antimutagenic properties, etc.

Objective To investigate the status of microchimerism in recipients and the relation between microchimerism and immunologic tolerance after vascularized allograft bone transplantation. Methods X-ray and histological examinations were performed on recipients after massive vascularized shaft of femur from female Japanese white rabbit donors was transplanted to male recipients. Microchimerism in different organs and tissues were checked postoperatively using a semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a Y-chromosome specific primer at different time. Results X-ray and histological examinations showed typical bone union in the experiment group but irregular new bone calluses surrounded the transplanted bones, with high density sequestrum in the control group.Semiquantitative PCR with a Y-chyomosome specific primer indicated that the incidence of microchimerism in organs and tissues in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group postoperatively and increased with time. Conclusions After vascularized allograft bone transplantation, organs and tissues show microchimerism that has a positive correlation with the histocompatibility of the transplanted bones.

Objective To explore the clinical value of plasma D -D and blood glucose change in treating patients with bone trauma.Methods Selected 200 patients with bone trauma as the observation group,60 cases of healthy persons as the control group.The plasma D -D and blood glucose of the two groups were detected,and the results were analyzed.Results The plasma D -D and blood glucose of the observation group were more than those of the control group,and it was gradually reduced from first day to third day and fifth day.The plasma D -D of the observation group was (174.7 ±40.2)μg/L,blood glucose was (5.2 ±0.4)mmol/L.The plasma D -D of first day, third day and fifth day of the observation group were (1 452.6 ±303.4)μg/L,(982.2 ±215.2)μg/L,(705.6 ± 152.9)μg/L respectively.The blood glucose of first day,third day and fifth day of the observation group were (14.2 ±2.3)mmol/L,(10.3 ±1.2)mmol/L,(7.6 ±1.9)mmol/L,respectively.The difference was statistically sig-nificant(F =3.49,P <0.05).In the observation group,the more severe injury in patients,the higher plasma D -D and blood glucose,and it was gradually reduced from first day to third day and fifth day,the difference was statistically significant(F =4.83,P <0.05).Conclusion In judging the condition of bone trauma,it is important to measure plasma D -D and blood glucose levels,and this method should be popularized in clinical use.

Background The imbalance of cell cycle regulation results in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Studing the effects of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and CDK inhibitor (CKI) on the cell cycle regulation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and fibroblasts in PVR formation is of important significance.Objective This study was to investigate the expressing trend of p21 ,p27 and CDK inhibitors in retinas of different ages of rabbits and explore the relationship between p21 or p27 and cell growth.Methods Nine clean New Zealand rabbits were assigned to 10-week group,20-week group and 30-week group according to the age and 3 rabbits for each.The eyeballs were enucleated binocularly after the animals were sacrificed and retinas were isolated.Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to detect the expressions of p21 and p27 mRNA and their proteins in retinas of the rabbits.The use and care of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Committee.Results The relative expressing levels of p21 mRNA were 1.631±0.063,1.506±0.012 and 1.585 ±0.015, and those of p27 m RNA were 1.581 ± 0.048,1.470 ± 0.012 and 1.490 ±0.013 in the 10-week group,20-week group and 30-week group, respectively, showing significant differences among the groups (p21 mRNA: F=9.311,P=0.014;p27 mRNA: F=12.360, P=0.007) , and the p21 and p27 mRNA expressing levels were significantly higher in the 10-week group and 30-week group than those in the 20-week group (all at P＜ 0.05).The expressing levels of p21 protein were 0.675 ± 0.061,0.089 ±0.001 and 0.200 ± 0.007, and those of p27 protein were 0.928±0.019,0.183±0.005 and 0.576±0.089 in the 10-week group,20-week group and 30-week group, respectively, with remarkable differences among the groups (p21 : F =228.905, P＜0.001;p27 : F =148.957,P＜0.001), and the expressions were significantly raised in the 10-week group and 30-week group in comparison with the 20-week group (all at P＜0.01).Significantly positive correlations were found in the expressing levels of p21 and p27 both in transcriptional and protein levels (mRNA : r =0.906, P＜0.01;protein : r =0.913, P＜0.01).Conclusions The expressions of p21 and p27 up-regulate in the retinas of developing stage of rabbits but gradually reduce with adultness.However, p21 and p27 levels appear to be increasingly raised with aging of the rabbits.It is implied that p21 and p27 play a balancing role in the process of cycle regulation in retina cells.

Objective To investigate the correlations of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and the subtypes and the severity of acute ischemic stroke.Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study.They were divided into large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA),smallartery occlusion (SAO) and cardioembolism (CE) according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification.Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to measure plasma BNP.OsiriX software was used to calculate the cerebral infarction volume of MRI.Results A total of 159 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.Compared to the CE group,there were significant differences in the proportions of hyperlipidemia,atrial fibrillation,BNP ＞ 100 ng/L,and in the levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and BNP,as well as in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the infarct volume in the groups of LAA and SAO (all P ＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR] 148.638,95％ confidence interval [CI]17.532-1 260.182; P ＜ 0.001) and BNP ＞ 100 ng/L (OR 3.490,95％ CI 1.033-11.789; P =0.044)were the independent risk factors for CE ischemic stroke.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting plasma BNP level of the CE ischemic stroke was 101.4 ng/L,and its sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive values were 80.56％,76.42％,50.00％,and 93.07％,respectively.The optimal cutoff value was used as a boundary,the patients were divided into a BNP ≤ 101.4 ng/L group and a ＞ 101.4 ng/L group.The proportions of males (P=0.031),hyperlipidemia (P=0.002) and smoking (P =0.026),as well as the levels of total cholesterol (P=0.020),triglyceride (P=0.024) and LDL-C (P=0.013) were significantly lower than those in the BNP ≤ 101.4 ng/L group,while the proportions of patients with ischemic heart disease (P ＜0.001) and atrial fibrillation (P＜0.001),as well as the NIHSS score and the infarct volume were significantly higher and larger than those in the BNP ≤ 101.4 ng/L group.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the plasma BNP levels were significantly negatively correlated with the triglycerides (r=-0.224,P=0.004) and LDL-C (r=-0.170,P=0.032) levels,and were significantly positive correlated with the NIHSS scores (P=0.167,P=0.044) and the infarct volume (P=0.281,P＜0.001).Conclusions Plasma BNP level can be used as a biological marker for early differentiating CE from non-CE ischemic stroke,as well as identifying the severity of stroke.

Objective To compare clinical efficacy between the situ secondary spleen pedicle amputation in laparoscopic splenectomy and open splenectomy for traumatic spleen rupture.Methods From January 2013 to June 2015 a total of 70 patients with splenic rupture undergoing splenectomy were devided into laparoscopic surgery (35 cases) and open surgery (35 cases) group.Clinical data included total intraoperative blood loss,the time spent on splenic artery ligation,total operation time,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative hemoglobin,platelet and albumin levels,time of anal exsufflation,hospital stay and postoperative complications.Results The average operation time in the OS group was shorter than that in LS group (P ＜ 0.05).However,LS group was better than the OS group in splenic artery ligation time,postoperative drainage volume,anus aerofluxus time,postoperative platelet count,postoperative albumin recovery,hospital stay and postoperative complications (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The laparoscopic splenectomy by the amputation of in situ secondary spleen pedicle for traumatic spleen rupture has the advantages of a rapid recovery and a low postoperative complication.

Objective To supply evidence for determining the optimal collecting period for Sambucus chinese.Methods A RP-HPLC method was established to determine chlorogenic acid contents from Sambucus chinese in various collecting periods.The chromatographic conditions were as follows: Hypersil-ODS2(250 mm? 4.6 mm,5 ? m)column,acetonitrile-1 % formic acid aqueous solution(9 ∶ 91) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL? min-1,column temperature at 35 ℃ and the detection wavelength at 326 nm.Results Content of chlorogenic acid in the samples collected in May(pre-blossom period)was the highest and the content in leaf was higher than in the stem and root.Conclusion It is suggested that Sambucus chinese should be gathered before blooming when the leaves are in luxuriance.