OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Qiwei kangti powders.METHODS:Radix Astragali,Angelica sinensis,Salvia miltiorrhiza were identified by TLC.The content of tanshinone Ⅱ A(the chief content in Salvia milti-orrhiza) was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The TLC spots developed were fairly specific.Tanshinone Ⅱ A showed a good linear relationship at a range of 5.44～32.64 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8),and its average recovery was 99.54%(RSD=0.955%,n=9).CONCLUSION:The established quality standard is applicable for the quality control of Qiwei kangti powders.

Objective To investigate the effects of endotoxin on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium, and to explore the molecular mechanism of acute myocardial injury. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1h, 2h, 6h groups (n=10 for each group). In the latter two groups, LPS was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Tissue samples from the myocardium were collected to determine NF-?B activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the mRNA expression of TNF-? was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with GAPDH as internal standard. Results The activation of NF-?B (2.173?0.063) and TNF-? mRNA expression (0.292?0.031) could be detected in myocardium in very low values in normal control group rats, while both the activation and expression were up-regulated markedly after LPS challenge, and peaked 2 hours afterwards (37.793?4.785 and 1.182?0.146, respectively). They were down-regulated (17.910?3.791 and 0.901?0.128, respectively) 6 hours after LPS challenge. Compared to normal controls, both NF-?B activity and TNF-? mRNA expression were significantly elevated at various time points following LPS stimulation (all P

Objective Protein chip for mucin detection was prepared to detect the serum levels of mucin1(MUC1),mucin2(MUC2)and micin5ac(MUC5AC)of colorectal cancer patients,and to discuss the relationship between colorectal cancer and the expression of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC in serum.Methods The protein chip was prepared with monoclone and polyclone antibodies for the measuement of the serum levels of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC in 30 patients with colorectal cancer and 30 healthy adults as control,using the method of immuno-fluorescence.Results The serum levels of mucin and CEA in colorectal cancer group were higher than that in control group.The differences were significant between the two groups concerning MUC1(5.25?2.37 vs 3.65?1.82U/ml,P0.05).The positive expression of mucin was related with the cancer differentiation.The positive expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC was higher when cancer differentiation was low as compared with high and median differentiation,but the positive expression of MUC2 was higher in high and middle cancer differentiation.When the serum level of mucin was used as an indicator for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer,the sensibility and specificity were both higher.The sensibility and specificity of MUC1 were 82.1% and 78.1%,respectively,while of combined mucins(at least 2 in 3 mucins were positive)were 96.2% and 85.3%,respectively.Conclusion The application of protein chip for mucin detection on the measurement of serum levels of MUC1,MUC2 and MUC5AC is of higher sensibility and specificity in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.The establishment of protein chip has provided a new approach to early diagnosis of colorectal cancer,and help estimate the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the changes in Toll-like re ceptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differential protein-2 (MD-2) gene expression in t he liver of septic rats, and to elucidate the relationship between the expressio n of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF? mRNA. Methods Sepsis model was reproduced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control and 1h, 2h, 6h after LPS in jection (20 rats for each group). Rats were sacrificed at different time points, and the expression of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA in the liver was measure d by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TN F-? mRNA were up-regulated, peaking 1h after LPS injection, and then declined gradually 2~6h after LPS challenge. The expressions at every time point were hi gher than that in control group (P

Objective To explore the surgical indication, the operative procedure and effect of breast-conserving surgery plus combined treatment for the patients with early breast cancer. Methods 51 patients with early breast cancer were treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonotherapy postoperatively. The result of breast-conserving group was compared with 56 patients treated by modified radical mastectomy (control group). Results 25 patients underwent quadrant resection plus axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), 15 patients were subjected to local resection plus ALND, and 11 patients received quadrant resection only. All patients were followed-up for an average of 16.9 months. In BCS group, one patient was found to have local recurrence, and the distant metastasis rate was 0%. In the control group, no patient had local recurrence and the distant metastasis rate was 3.6%. The operative complication rate in BCS group and control group was 13.7% and 33.9% respectively (p﹤0.05). Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery plus combined treatment is safe and satisfactory for early breast cancer. It can be considered as the first choice for the treatment of patients with breast cancer in early stage.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics and surgical treatment of primary retroperitoneal neurogenic tumor(PRNT). Methods 93 cases of PRNT were confirmed by operation and pathology from 1990 to 2003, and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Primary neurogenic tumor accounted for 93 of 452 patients with primary retroperitoneal tumor in the same period. They included 24 cases of neurilemoma(25.8%), 19 cases of malignant neurilemoma(20.4%), 14 cases of chemodectoma(15.1%), 16 cases of neurofibroma(17.2%), and 20 cases of other rare tumors (21.5%) . The diagnostic rate of CT and MRI was 65.6% and 73.9%, respectively. In all but two patients the tumors were resectable. The resectability rate was 97.9%(91/93). The 3-year and 5-year survival rate in patients with benign and malignant tumors were 95.9%,80.1% and 42.4%,10.5%, respectively. There were 8 cases(13.1%) and 14 cases(43.8%) with recurrence after operation in benign and malignant tumors respectively. Conclusions CT and MRI are helpful in diagnosis. Surgical resection is the first choice of treatment. Prognosis in benign tumor is good, but postoperative recurrence of malignant tumor is frequent.

Objective To study the expression of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and caspase-3 in the intestine of premature rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),and to explore the protective effects and possible regulatory mechanism of glutamine (Gln) in the NEC.Methods Sixty premature rats (gestational age 21 d) were divided into three groups (n = 20 each) according to the random number table: control group,model group and Gln intervention group.Rats in model group were given formula feeding,hypoxia and cold stress.Rats in Gln intervention group were given Gln 0.3 g/kg to the formula feeding,hypoxia and cold stress.All the premature rats were sacrificed and the intestine tissues were obtained on the third day after birth.The histological changes of ileal tissues were scored after HE staining.The expression of TLR-2 and caspase-3 in jejunum,ileum and colon were detected by inmunohistochemistry,and the expression of TLR-2 mRNA in jejunum,ileum and colon were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results Pathology score of ileum in model group,Gln intervention group and control group were 3.10 ±0.99,2.40 ± 0.69 and 0.30 ±0.48,respectively.The expressions of TLR-2 protein in ileum were 2.53±0.94,2.15±0.82 and 1.57 ± 0.62 in the three groups respectively,and the expression of caspase-3 protein were 2.83 ± 0.45,2.70 ± 0.04 and 0.91 ± 0.29.The content of TLR2 mRNA in model group was 1.46 times higher than that of Gln intervention group and was 2.10 times higher than that of control group.Compared with the control group,the pathology score,expression of TLR-2 and caspase-3 protein,and TLR-2 mRNA in model group were significantly higher,P＜0.01.However,compared with the model group,those changes were improved in Gln intervention group,P＜0.05.Expression of TLR-2 mRNA positively correlated to the expression of caspase-3 protein (r=0.71,P＜0.01) and pathology score (r = 0.69,P＜ 0.01).Expression of caspase-3 protein positively correlated to the intestine injury pathology score (r=0.81,P＜0.01).Conclusions TLR-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of NEC.Gln might reduce the expression of TLR-2 in the intestine,and decrease the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells to protect the intestine of preterm birth rats.

Objective To establish and evaluate three different necrotizing enterocolitis models,established by combination of formula feeding, hypoxia and cold exposure, hypoxia-reoxygenation, and intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in premature rats. Methods Group A was given formula feeding, hypoxia by exposing to 100% N2 for 90 s and 4 ℃ cold stress for 10 minutes, the hypoxia and cold stress were given twice a day for 2 d. Group B was put into 100% N2 for 5 min and then 100% O2for 5 min, twice a day for 3 d. Group C was injected intraperitoneally 5 mg/kg LPS. Group D, E and F were served as the corresponding controls for group A, B and C. Ileocecal junction, liver, kidney and lung tissues were harvested and evaluated by HE staining for histological analysis, histological changes of ileal tissues were scored, and rats with score higher than two were diagnosed with NEC. Results Premature rats in group A, B and C showed various degrees of decreasing activity, abdominal distention, diarrhea,intestinal dilatation and congestion. Histological score in group A to F were 3. 13 ± 0. 64, 1.40 ±0. 52,2. 00±0. 42,0. 30±0. 48, 0. 30±0. 48 and 0. 40±0. 52, respectively. There were significant differences between model groups and their corresponding control groups (P＜0. 01 ). Among the model groups, the histological score of group A was higher than group B (P＜0.01) and group C (P＜0.05). The incidences of NEC in group A, B and C were 6/8, 20% (5/10) and 4/8, respectively, while of zero in all control groups. Liver, kidney and lung injures were more serious in group C compared with the other groups.Conclusions Compared with the single-factor modeling approaches of intraperitoneal injection of LPS and hypoxiareoxygenation, the NEC animal model in preterm rats established by formula feeding, repeated hypoxia and cold exposure, is more similar to the etiological factors of neonatal NEC in human, with higher incidence, better reproducibility and specificity.

Objective To investigate the influence of gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats. Methods Total 20 female and 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.Tissue samples of the livers were collected to measure NF-kB activation by EMSA.The level of plasma ALT,TNF-?and estrogen were measured also. Results NF-kB activation in normal male and female rats has no significant difference (P＞0.05).After stimulated by LPS,the level of NF-kB activation and ALT,TNF-?in plasma were markedly upregulated,and the index of female group lower than that in male group (P＜0.01).The level of NF-kB activation in livers and ALT,TNF-?in plasma both in male and female have significantly negative correlation with the level of estrogen in plasma (P＜0.05 ).Conclusion There are significantly gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats.Estrogen may decrease the injury of livers in septic rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the toxicity of bupivacaine in murine neurons.Methods Murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a was obtained from ATCC cell bank (USA). The cells were cultured in 10% fetal cow serum/MEM culture medium and divided into 4 groups voup I control (Con); group II bupivacaine ( Bup); group Ⅲ dexamethasone (Dex) and group IV Dex + Bup. The culture medium contained bupivacaine 900 μmol/L in group Bup and dexamethasone 1 μmol/L in group Dex respectively. In group Dex + Bup ( IV ) Bup was added to the culture medium with a final concentration of 900 μmol/L at 12 h after pretreatment with Dex 1 μmol/L. The cells were inoculated in 24 well plates (0.5 ml in each well, 24 wells in each group) and 10 cm culture dishes (7 ml in each dish, 4 dishes in each group). The release rate of LDH was calculated and the morphology of the cells and nucleus condensation (by Hoechst 3334224 fluorescent staining) was detected at 9 h of incubation in 24 well plates. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential (by JC-1 assay) and phosphorylation of Akt and ERKs (by Western blot) were measured at 5 h of incubation in 24 well plates and in culture dishes respectively. ResultsBupivacaine caused severe damage to the N2a cells as evidenced by increase in LDH release and nucleus condensation (apoptosis), dephosphorylation of Akt and ERKs, decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and severe morphological changes. Dexamethasone pretreatment significantly attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion Dexamethasone can protect N2a cells from bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity through stabilization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and inhibition of dephosphorylation of Akt and ERKs.