OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction craft of gentiopicrin from gentian.METHODS:The extraction craft was optimized by orthogonal test with gentiopicrin as an index,and the content of gentiopicroside was determined by TLC scanning method.RESTLUTS:The quantity of menstruum and the extraction times of gentiopicrin had significant influence in the gentiopicrin extraction(P

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction conditions of plumula nelumbinis. METHODS: The semi - bionic extraction (SBE) conditions were optimized by homogeneous design while total alkaloids and dry extract were adopted as markers. Factors of extraction time, solute quantity and the pH values were evaluated for their effects on extraction process. RESULTS: Optimal parameters were as follows: plumula nelumbinis was extracted in water 8 times as much as it for 3 times; the pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoctions were 5.0,6.0 and 8.0, respectively; the boiling lasted 4 hours. CONCLUSION: The method prouides theoretical reference for the extraction plumula nelumbinis.

Aim To investigate the combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD) model of irbesartan in healthy Chinese male volunteers. Methods Eighteen healthy male volunteers received 300 mg irbesartan tablet orally. The plasma drug concentration (C_p) was determined by HPLC and pharmacologic effects, including SBP, DBP and HR, were measured simultaneously. The pharmakinetic and PK-PD model parameters were calculated. Results The pharmacokinetic profiles were best fitted a two-compartment open model. There was a hysteresis loop between effects and plasma concentrations. The relationship between effects and effect compartment concentrations of drugs could be represented by the Sigmoid-E_ max model. Conclusion We successfully eatablished the PK-PD model of irbesartan in healthy male volunteers. These findings may provide a more rational basis for patient-specific dosage individualization.

Objective:To study the apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and the correlated pathogenesis.Methods:The percentages of T lymphocyte subsets,the positive expression rates of Fas/FasL on T lymphocyte subsets,and the apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets were determined by three-colorflow cytometry.The level of serum IL-10 was analyzed by ABC-ELISA.IL-10 antibody and FasL antibody were added respectively into the 48 hours' culture of 10 SLE patients' PBMCs in vitro,whose serum IL-10 significantly increased,and then,the changes of T lymphocyte subsets of SLE PBMCs were determined by three-colorflow cytometry.Results:1) In SLE,mainly in hyperactive SLE,the apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes increased significantly(P

Objective: To study the apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and the correlated pathogenesis.Methods: The percentages of T lymphocyte subsets,the positive expression rates of Fas/FasL on T lymphocyte subsets,and the apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets were determined by three-colorflow cytometry.The level of serum IL-10 was analyzed by ABCELISA.IL-10 antibody and FasL antibody were added respectively into the 48 hours' culture of 10 SLE patients' PBMCs in vitro,whose serum IL-10 significantly increased, and then, the changes of T lymphocyte subsets of SLE PBMCs were determined by three-colodlow cytometry.Results: 1)In SLE, mainly in hyperactive SLE, the apoptesis of CD4~+ T lymphocytes increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ decreased compared with normal controls,and the abnormal apoptesis of CD4~+ T lymphocytes had a positive correlation with the increased expression rates of Fas/FasL on CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes(P＜0.05).2)The serum IL-10 level increased significantly in SLE (P＜0.01), expecially in hyperactive SLE, and serum IL-10 had a positive correlation with the level of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, CD4~+/CD8 + ratio, and the positive expression rate of FasL on CD4 * T lymphocytes(P＜0.05).3)According to a tracking experiment on two different groups of SLE patients,we found that:with the stabilization of the illness,the level of serum IL-10 decreased significantly, the positive expression rate of Fas/FasL on T lymphocytes,particularly on CD4~+ T lymphocytes, reduced evidently,and the apoptosis of CD4~+ T lymphocytes decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion: The abnormal activities of T lymphocytes, particularly of CD4~+ T lymphocytes from patients with SLE,which lead to AICD,cause the percentage of CD4~+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ to decrease,disorder immune response, and accelerate the process of SLE.As a key factor in modulating the positive expression rate of Fas/FasL on CD4~+ T lymphocytes,IL-10 plays an important role in causing SLE.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of bedside continuous blood purification (CBP) in the treatment of neonatal multiple organ failure (MOF).Methods Totally 6 newborn infants of MOF were hospitalized in department of neonatology in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2013.These 6 cases of clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,6 neonates were treated with CBP combined with conventional treatment.The model for CBP was continuous veno-venous hemodialysis filtration (CVVHDF),blood flow velocity was 3 to 5 ml/(kg· min),replacement fluid dose was 20 to 30 ml/(kg· h),dialysis fluid dose was 15 to 25 rnl/(min· m2).The clinical outcome measures included,blood pressure,blood pH,K+,Na+,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urine volume,PaO2/FiO2 and epinephrine intravenous dose,respectively before CBP treatment,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h after CBP treatment and the end of CBP treatment.The efficacy of CBP treatment was evaluated in neonatal MOF.Results Gestational age of 6 neonates with MOF was 33 to 41 weeks,2 to 19 days old,2.25 to 3.36 kg birth weight.Primary disease was 4 cases of neonatal septicemia(1 case with congenital hereditary metabolic disease),2 cases of severe neonatal asphyxia.All 6 cases of venous catheter were smoothly done.CBP treatment persisted for 49 to 106 hours.Compared with before CVVHDF treatment,blood K+,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine significantly decreased at 12 h after CVVHDF treatment [(5.32 ± 1.84) mmol/L vs.(9.81 ±3.61) mmol/L,(9.0 ±3.4) mmol/L vs.(12.8 ±6.1) mmol/L,(99 ± 16) μmol/L vs.(176 ±25) μmol/L,P ＜0.05],and reached the normal range at 24 h after treatment,urine volume significantly increased at 24 h after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).PaO2/FiO2 reached 200 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) at 6 h after treatment and more than 300 mmHg at 24 h after treatment(P ＜0.05).Fifty percent of epinephrine intravenous dose were down-regulation at 12 h after treatment and stopped using epinephrine at 48 h after treatment.CBP treatment of 6 cases showed effective.Conclusion Application of bedside CBP treatment in neonatal MOF is safe,can effectively help neonates with MOF to skip over renal failure stage.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the protective effect of 1, 3-dicyclopentyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4, 5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (ZL-5015) on lethal endotoxin-challenged mice and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Mouse model of lethal endotoxin challenge and endotoxemia were established by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 70 mg/kg to the C57BL/6J mice.Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS (10 mg/L) were used as an in vitro inflammatory model.The levels of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , interleukin-10 ( IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of the cytokines.RESULTS:Prophylactic treatment of the mice with ZL-5015 (100 and 200 mg/kg, ig) slightly increased the survival rate, extended the survival time, decreased the serum levels of IL-1βand TNF-α, and increased the serum level of IL-10 in the early stage of endotoxemia as compared with model group.The results of in vitro study demonstrated that treatment of the endotoxin-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages with ZL-5015 (10, 20 and 40μmol/L) inhibited the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αat both mRNA and protein levels but promoted the expression of IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION: The tetrahydropyrimidine derivative ZL-5015 shows a moderate anti-endotoxin effect by increasing the survival rate and extending the survival time of the mice challenged by endotoxin, which may result from inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand TNF-α, and promotion of the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Objective To investigate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with syphilis in Zhejiang province during 2013-2014,and to explore the influence of anti?syphilis treatment on pregnancy outcomes. Methods A retrospective study was carried out according to the Information Management System for preventing mother?to?child transmission(PMTCT)of syphilis in Zhejiang province during 2013-2014. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was compared between women with syphilis and general women without syphilis, between treated and untreated women with syphilis, as well as between women with syphilis receiving and not receiving standard anti?syphilis treatment. The effects of anti?syphilis treatment and standard anti?syphilis treatment on pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results Data were collected from 3 985 women with syphilis and their children. Of these women, 12 had a stillbirth, and 3 973 a live birth. Totally, 3 210(80.55%)women received anti?syphilis treatment, 967(30.12%, 967/3 210) women received substandard treatment, and 775(19.45%)did not receive anti?syphilis treatment. Of the 3 985 fetuses or neonates born to women with syphilis, 45(1.13%)had abnormal clinical symptoms/signs. The incidence rates of low birth weight and early neonatal death were 7.00%(279/3 985) and 1.13%(45/3 985) respectively in fetuses or neonates born to women with syphilis, both significantly higher than those in fetuses or neonates born to general women without syphilis (3.18%[26 092/819494] and 0.13%[1 029/819 494], respectively, both P < 0.01). Among 775 untreated women with syphilis, the incidence rates of premature birth, low birth weight, early neonatal death, congenital syphilis and abnormal neonatal symptoms/signs were 15.61%(121/775), 10.84%(84/775), 2.45%(19/775), 3.48%(27/775)and 2.84%(22/775)respectively, all significantly higher than those in 3 210 women receiving anti?syphilis therapy (8.26%, 6.07%, 0.81%, 0.81% and 1.03%,respectively, all P < 0.01). Besides, the 967 women receiving substandard anti?syphilis treatment showed higher incidence rates of premature birth, low birth weight, early neonatal death, congenital syphilis and abnormal neonatal symptoms/signs than the 2 243 women receiving standard treatment (10.44%vs. 7.31%, 8.17%vs. 5.17%, 1.55%vs. 0.49%, 1.65%vs. 0.45%, 1.96%vs. 0.62%, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is high among women with syphilis in Zhejiang province during 2013-2014. Untreated and inadequately treated maternal syphilis is strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To analyze the effect of interleukin 2(IL-2) on immunoglobulin G(IgG) expression in cervical cancer cell line HeLaS3.Methods:By immunofluorescence-flow cytometry(FCM),we detected membrane and cytoplasmic IgG expression variation of HeLaS3 after IL-2 stimulation.By western blot,we detected IgG expression variation of HeLaS3 after IL-2 stimulation.Meanwhile,by RT-PCR with primers designed to amplify four subclasses of IgG,we detected ? transcript variation in HeLaS3 after IL-2 stimulation at mRNA level.Results:The result of immunofluorescence-FACS showed that after IL-2 stimulation for 48 hours,membrane and cytoplasmic IgG expression elevated in HeLaS3.The result of Western blot showed after IL-2 stimulation for 48 hours,IgG expression elevated in HeLaS3.Meanwhile,the result of RT-PCR showed that ?1 transcript mildly elevated after IL-2 stimulation for 48 hours.Conclusion:IL-2 can promote IgG expression in cervical cancer cell line HeLaS3.

Objective To observe the anti-pyretic effect of F022 from Radi x Isatidis.Methods The fever model was induced by intravenous injection of endo toxin into rabbits.Body temperature of the rabbits was measured at 0.5,1,2,3,an d 4h after administration in semi-vivo and in vivo.Results F022 subsided th e fever in rabbits induced by endotoxin in semi-vivo and vivo.Conclusion It is valuable for further research that F022 component is used as the main to scr een anti-pyretic active constituent.