This paper aimed to investigate the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium, and clarify the confusion of its classification. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, the chloroplast matK gene of 22 samples from some major production areas were amplified and sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner. Phylogenetic study was performed using MEGA 4.0 software in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining methods. The results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium was 191 bp. The sequence showed that some samples had several SNP sites, and some samples had heterozygosis sites. In the NJ tree, based on ITS2 sequence, the studied samples were separated into two groups, and one of them was gathered with Isatis tinctoria L. The studied samples also were divided into two groups obviously based on the chloroplast matK gene. In conclusion, our results support that the botanical origins of Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium are Isatis indigotica Fortune, and Isatis indigotica and Isatis tinctoria are two distinct species. This study doesn't support the opinion about the combination of these two species in Flora of China.

Objective To establish the chromatographic fingerprint analysis for the quality control of Flos Genkwa.Methods RP-HPLC Method was applied to establish the chromatographic fingerprint.The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with a gradient elution composed of methanol and 0.05% phosphate acid.The column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The detective wavelength was at 238 nm.Results Twenty-one characteristic peaks were established in the fingerprint.The mutual model of Flos Genkwa was established and the similarities were calculated.The similarity of 17 samples in all the 19 samples was more than 0.90.Conclusion The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility.It can be used for the quality control of Flos Genkwa.

AIM:To study the effect of adiponectin (APN) on lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. METHODS:The effect of H2O2 on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC labeling. The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in HUVECs was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by colorimetric assay. The scavenging rate on superoxide anion radicals in xanthine oxidase system and OH radicals produced by Fenton reaction were also tested. RESULTS:APN significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis. H2O2 increased MDA production and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT,which were inhibited by APN. APN did not alter the activities of SOD and CAT in normal condition. APN dose-dependently decreased the superoxide anion radicals,with the scavenging rate of 11.9%,21.4%,36.9%,respectively,and scavenged OH radicals. CONCLUSION:APN inhibits apoptosis and protects endothelial cells against lipid peroxidation insult by scavenging the free radicals.

BACKGROUND:The mechanical characteristics of intramedul ary and intramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture were hot research of finite element, but there was few comparative research on tension side and pressure side of proximal femur. In our study, we found that the distribution of the stress zone was important indication to researches on intertrochanteric fracture and internal fixation design. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of intramedul ary and extramedul ary fixations for treating intertrochanteric fracture on pressure side and tensile side of proximal femur. METHODS:CT scan and Mimics modeling of volunteer’s femur were conducted, and the model Evans type I intertrochanteric fracture was constructed and treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation and dynamic hip screw respectively. The stress condition of proximal femur in weight status was simulated. The Abaqus 6.13 was used for finite element analysis, and the tension side and pressure side of proximal femur in both fixations were also analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The stresses of compressive side and tensile side in proximal femoral nail antirotation group were both less than that in dynamic hip screw group. The stress of proximal femur in proximal femoral nail antirotation group was more similar to that in physiological status. (2) These findings verified that for treating intertrochanteric fracture, intramedul ary fixation exerted better mechanical behavior than extramedul ary fixation. The protection of compressive side and tensile side of proximal femur had achieved by intramedul ary fixation.

The ITS/ITS2 barcodes were used to simply and effectively identify Codonopsis Radix and its adulter-ants. In this study, ITS (internal transcribed spacer of unclear ribosomal DNA) regions were amplified using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from thirty-three samples of Codonopsis Radix and ITS2 regions were obtained from the ITS sequences using the hidden Markov model (HMMer)-based annotation methods. The sequences of ITS/ITS2 regions were aligned and the genetic distances were computed by MEGA5.0. Species identification efficiency of ITS/ITS2 sequences were evaluated using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods. The results indicated that The sequences lengths of ITS regions of Codonopsis Radix were 654-655 bp, and the lengths of ITS2 regions were 239 bp. The intraspecific genetic distances among Codonopsis Radix were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance between Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants. Therefore, ITS/ITS2 regions can stably and accu-rately distinguish Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants.

Objective To make the identification of medicinal herbs in Salvia L. quickly and accurately. Methods In this work,DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprint were compared for the identification of herbs in Salvia L. First, the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region two amplified from 48 medicinal plants in Salvia L., and three other groups of medicinal plants in Lamiaceae were sequenced. A molecular phylogeny was constructed using the minimum evolution and maximum parsimony methods according to their sequence diversity. Second, the water-solution bioactive components and lipid soluble components were tested by HPLC. Then a chemical phylogeny was built using HPLC fingerprint data. Comparing the molecular and chemical phylogenetic trees revealed many similarities. Results DNA barcoding was sequencing based and could therefore provide more accurate results within a shorter time especially in large-scale studies. Conclusion The results show that ITS2 region is a novel DNA barcode for the authentication of the species in Salvia L. This is the first work to show the relationship between DNA barcoding and chemical components.

OBJECTIVETo develop a reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of gastrodin, adenosin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in Rhizoma Gastrodia.

METHODA Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with a methanol-water-0.1% acetic acid gradient elution system. The eluates were detected at 270 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was 35 degrees C.

RESULTThe linear range of gastrodin, adenosin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were 19.1-383 (r = 0.999 9), 0.620-12.4 (r = 0.999 9), 2.45-49.0 (r = 0.999 9), 0.280-5.63 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 9) of the four components were 96.7% -97.7%, RSD < 1.6%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate, sensitive and reliable for determination of gastrodin, adenosin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in Rhizoma Gastrodia.

MicroRNAs, known as small noncoding MiRNAs, 19 to 24 nt in length, are important gene regulators and recognized as key players in carcinogenesis. The mechanism lies in that the MiRNAs can conjugate with their targeted mRNA and then lead to the targeted mRNA degradation or repress their translation. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that each MiRNA can regulate hundreds of gene targets and could serve functionally as "oncogenes" or "tumor suppressor genes", and therefore regulate multiple cellular processes relevant to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Up to now, there have been a lot of studies about the MiRNAs which may play an important role in stomach neoplasms. The purpose of this paper is to have a review of the present studies on the MiRNAs related to stomach neoplasms, in order set basis for further study and their clinical application.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To construct a rating scale on the knowledge,attitude,and practice of geriatrics for 8-year clinical medical students and undergraduate nursing students,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The Knowledge,Attitude,Practice(KAP)theory was used as a guided framework,relative literatures were reviewed,and topics for question answering were discussed by experts group.Then,a questionnaire was initially constructed.Five methods,including discrete trend method,Cronbach coefficient,t-test,correlation analysis,and factor analysis,were used to screen the attitude and practice items.The knowledge items were evaluated by experts.Items with over three exclusion criteria were deleted when combining the literal questions.The construct validity of the integrated scale was assessed by factor analysis.A pilot research was conducted by 100 eight-year medical students and nursing undergraduates selecting question entries,and the reliability and validity of the scale were examined.Results The scale consisted of three dimensions.A 43-item initiate questionnaire on the scale included 13 items for knowledge,11 for attitude,and 19 for practice.Two knowledge items were deleted according to expert evaluation.Seven items with more than three exclusion criteria were deleted after statistical analyses.Eventually,34 items were included in the questionnaire.The Cronbach α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.702.And three common factors were extracted according to exploratory factor analysis.Conclusions The reliability and validity of Geriatrics Knowledge,Attitude and Practice scale for eight year medical students and nursing undergraduates are acceptable,but the knowledge items should be recomposed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid in the treatment of mucocele.Methods A total of 214 patients divided into three groups,bleomyin A5(50 cases),phosphorus-32 colloid(50 cases) and bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid(114 cases).Results The efficacy of bleomyin A5 group,phosphorus-32 colloid group,and bleomyin A5 combined with phosphorus-32 colloid group was 84％ (42/50),82％ (41/50) and 98％ (112/114),respectively.There were significant difference in efficacy among the three groups (P＜0.05).The phosphorus-32 colloid group and the bleomyin A5 group had no significant difference in efficacy(P＞0.05).Conclusions The independent use of bleomyin A5 and phosphorus-32 colloid is effective,but the combined use of the two methods is more effective.