Objective To clarify malaria infection and the incidence in first Chinese medical team of United Nation peacekeeping mission in Democratic Republic of Congo and evaluate the effect of prevention measures so that provide reference for studying on malaria prevention and the precautionary measures for the follow-up personnel in Africa. Methods 43 cases (male 30, female 13) were observed between Apr. and Dec. 2003 when they were deployed in D.R.of Congo. Eliminating mosquito was used to decrease the density, including the usage of driving mosquito machine, killing mosquito lamp and chlorine cyanogens chrysanthemum ester, ”Prevent malaria-3”and COTECXIN as the precautionary medicines. Plasmodiums in blood were checked periodically. The cases with positive result of blood test and without clinical symptom was considered as infection, otherwise as disease with symptom appeared. Results The density of mosquito in house decreased. 3 cases (male 2, female 1) suffering from malaria, the incidence was 6.98%. Plasmodium was found in 39 individuals (male 26, female 13), the infection rate was 90.70%. The incidence was the lowest compared with contingents from other countries. Conclusion It was effective that these measures taken by reducing mosquito density and ”Prevent malaria-3”and COTECXIN usage in Chinese medical team during peacekeeping mission .

Objective To study the effect of recombinant rat augmenter of liver regeneration (rrALR) on proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells in vitro. Methods The cultured human renal tubular cell line (HK2 cells) was divided into several groups with various concentration of gentamicin(GM) or/and rrALR. The proliferation of HK2 cell was evaluated by 3H-TdR incorporation. The apoptosis of HK2 cells was assessed by AO/EB staining and flow cytometer using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results (1 ) rrALR promoted HK2 cell proliferation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The proliferative effect was significant with the concentration from 25 ng/ml to 50 ug/ml (P

Applying problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method to clinical teaching of nephrology.Questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effect.The conclusion is that PBL method can enhance students'ability of active learning,analyzing and solving problems

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human augmenter of liver regeneration (rhALR) on renal inflammation in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,IR group,rhALR1 group (100 μg/kg) and rhALR2 group (200 μg/kg).Both renal pedicles of rats were identified and occluded with microvascular clamps for 60 min to induce acute kidney injury (AKI).Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were evaluated using a Hitachi 747 automatic analyzer. For histological examination, sections were stained with HE. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was detected by spectrophotometer.Expression of TNF-α,ICAM-1,MCP-1 was determined by Western blotting. Results Blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine levels and the injury of kidney were improved significantly in rhALR group as compared with IR group (all P＜ 0.05).They were improved more significantly in rhALR2 group as compared to in rhALR1 group (all P＜0.05).The protein levels of TNF-α,ICAM-1,MCP-1 and the activity of MPO in kidneys from the sham-operated rats were low,and increased significantly after renal ischemia reperfusion injury (all P＜0.05).After treated with rhALR,the expression of TNF-α,ICAM-1,MCP-1 and the activity of MPO were decreased significantly in kidneys as compared to those in IR group (all P＜0.05),which decreased more significantly in rhALR2 group than those in rhALR1 group (all P＜ 0.05). Conclusions nhALR can protect kidneys from ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of renal inflammatory cells infiltration and down-regulated expressions of YNF-α,ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in the kidney.

Objective To investigate the time and dose dependent effects of 17 β-estradiol ( E2 ) on eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Methods The BAECs were cultured in 24-well flat plate.The dose dependent rapid induction of NO release by E2 in the BAECs was explored,and the non-genomic mechanism was studied. Each experiment was repeated for 3 times. The NO level was quantified by the electron spin resonance spectroscopy(ESR)method,and the phosphorylation of eNOS were determined by Western blot. Results NO release increased time dependently from BAECs after treatment with E2 at 100 nmol?L-1 at 1,5,10 and 15 min,and the effect peaked at 10 min.There were dose dependent effects of NO production as well as eNOS phosphorylation after treatment with E2 at different concentrations for 10 min,and the effect was the most obvious at the concentration of 100 nmol?L-1 .Upon treatment with equal volume of saline,E2 and actinomycin D (25 μg?mL-1 ) for 10 min,the NO release was(5.38±2.35),(10.59±3.28)and(10.68± 3.31) nmol?mg-1 ,respectively,and the eNOS phosphorylation level was 0.36±0.03,0.98±0.08 and 0.99±0.08,respectively. Compared with 0.9% sodium chloride solution,the NO release and eNOS phosphorylation were significantly increased in E2 treated cells(all P<0.05). Conclusion 17 β-estradiol at 100 nmol?L-1 induced eNOS phosphorylation as well as NO production from bovine vascular endothelial cells through non-genomic mechanism.The effect peaked at 10 minutes.

Objective To investigate the effect ofglycesylated hemoglobin(GHbA,c) on tissue-type plasminngen activator (t-PA)and level of serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodNinety patients with early DN from April 2004 to May 2005 were divided into 3 groups according to the level of GHbA1c,which was respectively less than 7% (group A),between 7% and 9% (group B),and more than 9% (greup C).Thirty healthy adults were chosen as control group.The levels of serum GHbA1c,t-PA and PAI-1 were detected on empty stomach in the morning.Results The level of serum t-PA was lower,the activity of PAI-1 was higher in groups of DN than those in control group (P＜0.05 or＜0.01),and those were changed with the level of GHbA,c.There were significant differences between group C and group A[t-PA:(0.14± 0.06),(0.28± 0.11) U/ml; PAI-1 (3.25 ±1.01),(1.90q± 1.09) U/ml](P＜0.05).Conclusions The fibrinolytic system exists unbalance in patients with early DN.Continuous hyperglycemia in patients with early DN make unbalanced fibrinolytic system more serious.Controlling the level of GHbA1c strictly can play an important role in delaying DN progress.

Objective To assess the subgenotypes of pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China and to elucidate the epidemiological links between these domestic isolates and those from other parts of the world. Methods DNA was extracted from 9 clinical isolates of Ctyptococcus gattii from China. The partially variable regions of the three unlinked loci, namely IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1, were amplified and sequenced, and the bioinformation at these loci was obtained from GenBank for multi-locus sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of these 9 clinical isolates, 8 were genotype VG Ⅰ and mating type α with the same sequences at the tested regions as the reference strain WM276, which was a representative isolate of an independent subgenotype; 1 was of genotype VG Ⅱ and mating type α, which was the first report in China, with the tested sequences consistent with those of the referrence strain R272. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GEF1 gene, which was located at mating type locus, successfully identified the genotypes and mating types of all the Cryptococcus gattii isolates involved here. Conclusions Multi-locus sequence analysis shows that causative Cryptococcus gattii isolates of genotype VG Ⅰ in China carry similar sequences at the tested loci in IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1 genes, to a widely distributed subgenotype in the world, and the sequences of the first VG Ⅱ genotype isolate from China resemble the less virulent subgenotype VG Ⅱ b found in Vancouver islands.

AIM:To investigate the effects of recombinant rat augmenter of liver regeneration (rrALR) on apoptosis of renal tubular cells (NRK-52E cells) induced by gentamycin sulfate (GM). METHODS: The cultured NRK-52E cells were divided into four groups: normal control cells, cells with GM (GM 1.6 g/L) or GM and rrALR (15 mg/L or 25 mg/L) treatments. The apoptosis of cultured cells were assessed at 24 h, 48 h by AO/EB staining, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis analysis and flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining. The protein and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: (1) rrALR inhibited NRK-52E cells apoptosis induced by GM (P

Objective To explore the approaches and significance of pharmaceutical care for pediatric child with disseminated cryptococcosis.Methods Medical records were established for a disseminated cryptococcosis pediatric child.Upon analyzing drug use,pharmaceutical care was provided for drug use.Results The child geting better,was discharged from hospital.Conclusion Tothrough participating in the clinical practice,clinical pharmacists can assist the clinicians to make effective and reasonable dosage regime as well as providing pharmaceutical service for patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of recombination rat augmenter of liver regeneration (rrALR) on tubular cell injury and renal dysfunction in rats with acute renal failure (ARF)induced by gentamicin. Methods One hundred fifty female Wistar rots were randomly divided into 5 groups: group A (control), group B (gentamincin 140 mg/kg+ saline 100 μg/kg), group C (gentarnincin 140 mg/kg +blank plasmid 100 μg/kg), group Dl (gentaminein 140 mg/kg+rrALR 80 μg/kg), group D2 (gentamincin 140 mg/kg +rrALR 160 μg/kg). Rats were sacrificed at day 4, 8, 12, 16 and 21 after gentamicin first injection. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and urine N-aeetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG) were measured. The histopathologic changes were observed by periodic aeid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Protein expression of ALR and PCNA in renal tissue was detected using immtmohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Compared with control rots, the levels of BUN, Scr and UNAG were significantly increased in ARF rats at day 4, 8, 12 and 16 (P<0.05), however, the renal dysfunction and the renal histopathologieal injury were significantly improved in ARF rats simultaneously administered with rrALR (group D) compared with ARF rats (group B and C). The protein level of ALR, the number of PCNA positive tubular ceils and the proliferation index (PI) in group D were significantly higher than those of group B and C (P<0.05). Conclusion rrALR can promote the regeneration of tubular cells in nephrotoxie ARF rats and ameliorate renal dysfunction.