Objective To explore the correlation between Parkinson's disease(PD) and living habits.Methods 114 PD cases from ongoing PD prevalence survey in Beijing region and the neurological clinic center of Beijing Union Hospital and 205 controls matched on gender, race and residence were recruited in this study. Through in-person questionnaire interview, general data and living habits such as smoking, tea drinking and alcohol drinking were obtained and analyzed by population-based case control study.Results We observed reduced risk for PD in smokers(OR:0.538; 95%CI: 0.290, 0.998) and tea-drinkers(OR:0.199; 95%CI:0.114,0.346). There was no significant correlation between alcohol drinking and PD.Conclusion An inverse correlation exists in PD with smoking or tea drinking except for alcohol drinking.

A clinical emergency skill contest using emergency care simulator (ECS) was carried out　on May 2011.Total 30 family physicians in 10 teams from Shenzhen community health centers participated in　the contest.The performance and the scores of each item were analyzed.The overall score was 61.3 ± 11.9.The average score for general treatment was 33.0 ± 6.9 with a score rate of 66％ (33/50) ; the average　score for cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 23.2 ± 7.2 with a score rate of 57.5％ (23/40) ; the average　team score was lowest (5.0 ± 1.1 ) with a score rate of 50.0％ (5/10).The results indicate that family　physicians should strengthen clinical skill training of emergency care,particularly in on-site response and　teamwork.

Three hundred and nine community health service (CHS) practitioners were selected with randomized cluster sampling for survey with the job satisfaction questionnaire-occupational stress indicator (OSI).Degree of the job satisfaction was (68 ± 12)%.Position, work experience, income,feeling of recognition, degree of motivation, the scope for career development, the space for personal ambition and the relationship between salary and work load were potential influencing factors of job satisfaction to CHS practitioners.The authors suggest to establish the dynamic mechanisms of satisfaction study and to formulate comprehensive and effective incentive measures for CHS practitioners.

Objective To construct the human interleukin-18(hIL-18) DNA plasmids vaccine and to express the eukaryotic plasmids vaccine in mammalian cell lines Cos-7 and D5.Methods Gene recombinant technique was used to construct hIL-18 eukaryotic expression vectors.Calcium phosphate method was performed to transect recombinant hIL-18 eukaryotic expression vectors into Cos-7 and D5 cells.In situ hybridization and Western Blot were implemented to verify the transient expression of recombinant hIL-18 in Cos-7 and D5.Results The eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-IL 18 was constructed successfully.hIL-18 was transiently expressed in Cos-7 and D5.Conclusion The eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-IL 18 was constructed.In situ hybridization and Western Blot results proved the successful transient expression of pVAX1-IL 18 in Cos-7 and D5.Therefore,the work has settled the foundation for further biological research on hIL-18,including immunogene therapy through hIL-18.

ObjectiveTo investigate the type,characteristics and development trend of prehospital medical care of sudden mass incident from 2001 to 2010 in Guangzhou.MethodsThe data of prehospital medical care of sudden mass incident in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010 were come from the database of 120 Emergency Center.ResultsTotal 6 807 events of Sudden mass incident were recorded from 2001 to 2010,resulting in 26 749 injuries and 917 deaths.In all kinds of sudden mass incident,traffic accident was primary cause ( the number of cases,injuries and deaths accounted for 49.80％,55.29％ and 61.72％,respectively),followed by fighting,fire and poisoning.Over the past decade,the number of occurrence of traffic accidents and the number of injuries were increasing.The large sudden mass incident was 76.65％ in all levels of sudden mass incident happened from 2008 to 2010.Conclusions Traffic accident is an important cause of sudden mass incident in Guangzhou from 2001 to 2010.The number of the traffic accident cases and injuries were increasing.The large sudden mass incident was the main type in all levels of sudden mass incident.It is important to improve the emergency plan,strengthen the training of medical staff and organize the medical rescue drill of sudden mass incident regularly.

BACKGROUND: Electrical activity of nerve cells is based on the ion channel activity on cell membrane. Epilepsy is basically characterized by abnormal neuronal discharge. The foundation is ion channel activation on cell membrane and ion transmembrane movement, however, whether Ca2+-activated K+ channel involves in epilepsy induced by Coriaria Lactone is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: Considering rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons as target,we investigate the effect of Coriaria Lactone on neuronal Ca2+-activated K+ channels in epilepsy induced by Coriaria Lactone.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental trials.SETTING: Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Institute. of Myocardium Electrophysiology of Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in Luzhou Medical College, Sichuan Province, from May to December 2000. Totally 100 Wistar infant rats within 24-hour ages were selected.METHODS: Wistar infant rats were anaesthetized and its hippocampus was obtained under disinfected state, pyramidal neurons were cultured for 7-10 days, neurons growing well with typical shape model were colleted normal control group, 19 dishes were added with DMEM culture medium,given different membrabe voltage and then followed by adding in te3 subgroups with 8 dishes each one. Added seperately DMEM culture medium containing f0-8, 10-7, 10~ mol/L concentration of calcium ion, and 2.0 mL/L Coriaria Lactone induced epilepsy group: added with DMEM culture medium with different dosages of Coriaria Lactone and finally tetraethylamine in each concentration of 26 dishes for totally 130 dishes.Cell-attache method and inside-out method of patch-clamp technique were used to record the neuronal single channel electricity. The open probability, average opening hour and closing hour, electric current amplitude of channel were analyzed.activated K+ channels of pyramidal neurons at normal, various membrane To observe and record the influence of Coriaria Lactone on the activation of pyramidal neuronal cell membrane, as well as the role of tetraethylamine.were only small amount of pyramidal neurons randomly opening its Ca2+-activated K+ channels and it displayed obvious voltage-dependent property.The channel electric conductance was (122.79±21.68) pS. The channels the inside-out condition, Ca2+-activated K+ channel displayed calcium iondependent property. The average opening rate was 0.022±0.006, 0.040±0.007, 0.142±0.049 when the calcium concentration was 10-8, 10-7,aria Lactone could increase the opening rate of Ca2+-activated K+ channels when the free calcium ion in bath solution was 10-8 mol/L and memLactone, 1.0 mL/L Coriaria Lactone could increase the average opening time of Ca2+-activated K+ channels (1.867±0.210, 6.900±0.120, P ＜ 0.01), and reducing the average closing time (78.505±7.192,6.233±0.854, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: In epilepsy induced by Coriaria Lactone, the activation of Ca2+-activated K+ channels might play an important role of negative modulation.

Objective: To investigate the public opinion on pharmaceutical service and explore the implementation of pharmaceutical service fee and the prospect of online pharmaceutical service in our country.Methods: Questionnaires which related to pharmaceutical service fee and online pharmaceutical service were distributed to patients and their relatives or friends, and then recycled.The data including the recycling of questionnaires, information of respondents and answers to the questions were statistically analyzed.Results: Totally 63.8% respondents considered pharmaceutical service fee was reasonable and the fee should be borne by the government finance and health care insurance.Totally 85.5% respondents thought launching online pharmaceutical service was necessary, which included online retails of medicine, consultation, medication guidance, decoction of Chinese traditional medicines, medicine delivery and so on, especially pharmacy consultation.Conclusion: Outpatients have high demands of pharmaceutical service and most of them accept online pharmaceutical service with different understandings.Pharmaceutical service fee is an inevitable trend in the development of pharmaceutical industry.More publicity and guidance should be given to improve people's acceptance of pharmaceutical service and relevant cost.Relevant departments should take full advantages of Internet and provide diversified pharmaceutical service.

The hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rat (post natal days 7 to 14) were acutely isolated using trypsin and mechanical dissociation. AgNO3 staining was performed to identify them. Voltage-dependent inward calcium currents were recorded by employing the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell voltage-clamp mode. With different stimulation processes, we studied the changes of low voltage activated (LVA) calcium currents, the transient and sustained components of high voltage-activated calcium currents (HVA) in the hippocampal neuron membrane. The effects of CL on the peak currents in the neuron membrane were assessed and analyzed. The main sustained components ofHVA were L-type calcium currents. The HVA calcium currents were slowly inactivated in 300 ms. The changes of the current amplitude of the sustained components of HVA were insignificant with the holding potential of -100 mV and -50 mV which indicated that the inactivation could be removed with the potential of -50 mV. The HVA calcium currents were evoked by depolarizing voltage steps over the range of -70 mV to +50 mV for 300ms with the holding potential of -50 mV and the threshold potential of -40 mV or so. The HVA and LVA calcium currents were evoked by the same stimulation with the holding potential of -100 mV and the total calcium currents appeared at the potential of -60 mV. The amplitude of peak currents significantly increased (P<0.05). The transient LVA calcium currents as the peak calcium currents were evoked by depolarizing voltage steps over the range of -70 mV to -30 mV with the holding potential of -100 mV. Both HVA and LVA calcium currents appeared over the range of -30 mV to +10 mV. The HVA calcium currents mainly appeared above the membrane potential of +10 mV. There was no obvious borderline between these components. About 3 minutes after the application of CL, the peak density of LVA calcium currents in 20 microl/ml and 40 microl/ml CL group increased respectively (75.56% +/- 23.09% vs. 66.12% +/- 19.09%) (P<0.05). CL increased the peak density of HVA calcium currents in a concentration-dependent way, with enhancement by 18.15% +/- 4.98% (P<0.05) and 32.80% +/- 3.58% (P<0.01) after the application of 20 microl/ml and 40 microl/ml CL. The effects of CL on the calcium currents will contribute to the enhanced excitability of hippocampal neurons, modulate some calcium-dependent processes and boost epileptic discharges. All of them play an important role in the CL-induced epileptogenesis.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Cell Separation ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

We instituted an investigation to elucidate the role of Ca2+ and calcium channels in epileptogenesis and to analyze the mechanism by which coriaria lactone (CL) regulates intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats (post natal days 7 to 14) were acutely isolated and loaded with calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator Fluo-3/AM. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The study included five groups, namely the CL group, the NiCl2 plus CL group, the Nifedipine plus CL group, the NiCl2+ Nifedipine plus CL group, and the control group. The results indicated that 20 microl/ml CL induced a significant increase of [Ca2+]i in hippocampal neurons when compared to the control (P < 0.01), the mean fluorescent intensity of intracellular calcium displaying an increase from 5.46 +/- 2.37 to 34.03 +/- 3.45. Although the increase of relative intracellular fluorescent intensity was delayed by 3 or 4 minutes in the NiCl2 plus CL group, the Nifedipine plus CL group, and the NiCl2+ Nifedipine plus CL group, yet the use to 20 microl/ml CL in these 3 groups caused a significant ascending level of the fluorescent intensities (from 3.94 +/- 1.75 to 30.18 +/- 4.22; from 3.38 +/- 1.11 to 36.39 +/- 3.97; from 3.05 +/- 1.02 to 28.05 +/- 2.71), and the effect was comparable to that observed in the CL group (P > 0.05). So CL can increase [Ca2+]i in acutely isolated rat hippocampal neurons. This effect can be delayed but can not be completely blocked by NiCl2 and Nifedipine. These findings indicate that CL can increase [Ca2+]i by other means besides T- and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, and that CL can increase the excitability of neurons and play a role in the epileptogenesis process.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Lactones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the effect of IL-1? and IL-6 on MMP-3 gene expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells.Methods We used IL-1?(20 ?g/L) and IL-6(10 ?g/L) to stimulate human coronary artery smooth muscle cells,which were co-culture for 0,2,4,8,24,36 h.IL-1?(0,5,20,40 ?g/L) and IL-6(0,5,10,50 ?g/L) were used to stimulate human coronary artery smooth muscle cells,which were co-cultured for 6 h.Then we detected the gene expression by fluorescent quantitation PCR.Results In the same concentration of IL-1? and IL-6,gene expression was up-regulated at 2 h,at 8 h the expression reached the peak,then began to descend.In different concentration of IL-1? and IL-6,gene expression was up-regulated with the dose of IL-1? and IL-6(IL-1?: r=0.907,P=0.000;IL-6: r=0.919,P=0.000).There were significant differences in MMP-3 expression among different groups(IL-1?: F=24.047,P=0.000;IL-6: F=14.081,P=0.001).There were no significant differences in matrix metalloproteinase-3 between IL-1? 20 and 40 ?g/L groups(P=0.154) and between IL-6 5 ?g/L and 10 ?g/L(P=0.292).Conclusion It suggests that IL-1? and IL-6 can promote MMP-3 gene expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells,and it may be one of the mechanisms of inflammation effect in acute coronary syndrome.