The failure of islet β cell is the core pathogenic mechanism of diabetes,which is also the key target for type 2 diabetic mellitus treatment.A large amount of basic and clinical researches have been confirmed that glucagon like peptide-1 and its analogue liraglutide have abilities to significantly improve islet β cell function besides the glucose-dependent lowering hyperglycemia effects.Furthermore,liraglutide is approved to improve β cell function,thus providing a new choice for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Persistent pulmonary hvpertension of newborn(PPHN) is a life-threatening condition which occurs at a rate of 2/1 000-6/1 000.The etiology of PPHN is still unknown and its treatment remains a major challenge for neonatologist.Impaired pulmonary artery relaxation,reduced blood vessel density and pulmonary vascular remodeling are the main pathological changes in PPHN.The general managements include mechanical ventilation,sedation,surfactant and hemodynamic support.Inhaled nitric oxide is the main vasorelaxant used in the treatment of PPHN.Several other vasorelaxants have been studied such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors,prostacyclin,endothelin-1 inhibitors.Even with the introduction of several new therapeutic modalities there has been no significant change in survival rate.

Objective To investigate the effect on short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment on beta-cell function,serum triglyceride(TG),C-reactive protein(CRP) and serum insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients.Methods Thirty-two newly diagnosed T2DM patients with fasting plasma glucose(FPG) ＞ 11.1 mmol/L were treated with CSII for 2 weeks.FPG,2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG),fasting insulin (FINS),2 h postprandial insulin (PINS),fasting C peptide (FC-P),2 h postprandial C peptide (PC-P),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1 c),Homa-β,Homa-R,TG,CRP and IGF-1 were measured and compared before and after CSII.Results (1) Compared with that of before treatment,the levels of FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,PINS and PC-P in patients after treatment were dramatically improved(t =12.04,11.57,7.61,20.77,6.16; P ＜ 0.05),and Homa-β increased from (23.0 ±16.2) to (71.0±23.8)(t=9.46,P＜0.05),while Homa-IR significantly decreased from (6.8 ±2.1) to (3.9 ± 2.6) (t =4.81,P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of TG and CRP significantly decreased from (1.50 ± 0.32) mmol/L,(3.14±1.14) to (1.29±0.31) mmol/L,(1.95 ±0.52) mg/L(t =26.73,23.62;P ＜0.05).The levels of IGF-1 significantly increased from (341 ± 16) μg/L to (471 ± 17) μg/L (t =8.65,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The excellent glycemic control,improvement of lipid metabolism,anti-inflammatory and improvement of beta-cell function can be achieved with short-term CSII intensive therapy in newly diagnosed T2DM patients with severe hyperglycemia.

[Objective] To discuss the importance of causa morbi and early diagnosis and treatment on the prognosis and lapsing of hypoglycemia.[Method] Select 33 cases and make detailed enquiry and analysis to their causa morbi, occurrence time length and complications, supplement timely glucose injection, if necessary, administer glucocorticoid for treatment; observe the patients ’clinical symptoms relieve, and compare the usage of glucose and glucocorticoid, the in-hospital period and relative indexes of prognosis and lapsing.[Result] In the group, 28 cases are drug-induced hypoglycemia, occupying 84.85%;30 cases have the period less than 6h from occurrence to diagnosis, among which, 1 had cerebrovascular accident and consulted with neurology department, relieved with treatment, but with sequela of hemiplegia; 1 case had too long time of dizziness before coming to hospital(>24h), couldn ’t be better over treatment, the relatives gave up the treatment and went out of hospital; 1 was tested of islet celltumor and transferred to upper hospital, without recurring hypoglycemia being fol owed up.[Conclusion] Drug-induced hypoglycemia is the main reason for hypoglycemia, with much harm;early diagnosis, remov-ing causa morbi and active rescuing wil have good prognosis.

Objective To explore the effect of candesartan combined with levamlodipine besylate on hypertension and target organ protection.Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients with hypertension and proteinuria from February 2011 to July 2013 were divided into observation group (61 cases) and control group (61 cases) by random number table method.Patients in both groups were given oral candesartan 8 mg/d,and the observation group was treated with levamlodipine besylate 2.5 mg/d on this basis.Six months after treatment,the blood pressure levels,carotid intima-media thickness (IMT),interventricular septum thickness (IVST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT),left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and renal function between 2 groups were observed.Results After 6 months of treatment,the total effective rate in observation group was 86.9％ (53/61),and in control group was 72.1％ (44/61),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels in two groups after treatment were decreased,in observation group which were lower than those in control group,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).IVST,LVEDD,LVPWT,LVMI and carotid IMT in 2 groups after treatment was lower than that before treatment,in observation group which was obviously lower than that in control group [(8.5 ± 1.3) mm vs.(9.2 ± 1.2) mm,(39.6 ± 4.8)mm vs.(44.3 ± 3.9) mm,(8.4 ± 1.4) mm vs.(9.1 ± 1.3) mm,(89.4 ± 9.3) g/m2 vs.(97.3 ± 8.9) g/m2,(8.3 ± 0.3) mm vs.(8.7 ± 0.5) mm],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Urea nitrogen between 2 groups before and after treatment had no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The serum creatinine,creatinine clearance rate,total 24 h urinary albumin and microalbuminuria in 2 groups was significandy improved compared with that before treatment,and in observation group after treatment was obviously improved compared with that in control group [(94.6 ±25.5) μmol/L vs.(118.5 ±38.4) μmol/L,(102 ±24) ml/min vs.(96 ± 18) ml/min,(1.05 ± 0.51) mg/24 h vs.(1.27 ± 0.22) mg/24 h,(155 ± 36) mg/L vs.(185 ± 41) mg/L],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The effect of candesartan combined with levamlodipine besylate in treatment of hypertension and proteinuria is better than monotherapy.Combination therapy in reversing left ventricular,improving carotid IMT,protecting kidney function and reducing proteinuria has significant effect,and has no obvious adverse reactions.It is worthy of clinical application.

Danggui Injection and Vitamin B12 Injection were injected into acupoints Geshu (BL17), Pishu (BL 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40) and Neiguan (PC 6) to treated 56 cases of hyperlipidemia. Meanwhile, Fenofibrate was adopted to treat another 45 cases as control. After2-month treatment, result showed similar effects in the two groups.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mel itus. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s have become another hotspot fol owing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on type 1 diabetes in a rat model.
METHODS:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal, model and cel transplantation. Animal model of type 1 diabetes was made in the latter two groups through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seven days after modeling, rats in the three groups were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, serum-free DMEM or adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel suspension, respectively. Two weeks after injection, body mass, blood glucose level, insulin secretion and PDX-1 mRNA in the pancreatic tissue of rats were monitored and detected in the three groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, the body mass of rats were lowered, and increased gradual y in the cel transplantation group at 2 weeks after cel transplantation, but it was stil decreased in the model group. Compared with the normal group, the fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher in the model group (P<0.05), but it was reduced significantly after cel transplantation (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the insulin level was reduced significantly in the model group (P<0.05), but it was increased significantly after cel transplantation (P<0.05). Highest and lowest PDX-1 mRNA expressions were obtained in the normal and model groups, respectively;and there was a significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Al these findings show that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation relieves hyperglycemia in rats by promoting the expression of PDX-1 in the rat pancreatic tissue.

Since the first session of Chinese anti-inflammatory immunopharmacological society in 1982,many breakthroughs of immunological research have been made in western countries,such as identification of pathogens by natural immune cells,regulation of immune response,lymphocyte differ?entiation and development. At the same time,much progress has been achieved in anti-inflammatory and immunological research in China,especially in the field of basic scientific issues in immunology, frontier and hot topics,immunological mechanisms of major diseases and related drugs. The course of development of Chinese anti- inflammatory immunopharmacological research has experiences various stages,such as ″follow ″ in the past to ″work together ″ and to ″lead ″ in some research areas in today′s international immunology.

Objective To study the effects of early rehabilitation with stroke patients by applying Snyder hope theory in clinical nursing. Methods A total of 76 acute stroke patients from Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were divided into two groups by random digits table method:experimental group and control group, 38 cases in each group. The final effective cases were 72 and 36 cases in each. The control group received routine care, while those in the experimental group accepted nursing intervention with Snyder hope theory based on routine puncture care for 4 weeks. Herth Hope Index(HHI), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS), Barthel Index(BI) and adherence score before and after 4 weeks were evaluated and compared between 2 groups. Results Before intervention and 4 weeks after intervention, the experimental group of patients with hope level score respectively (31.61 ± 1.95), (40.67 ± 4.01) points, NIHSS scores respectively (18.27 ± 5.31), (10.41 ± 4.21) points, BI scores respectively (37.19 ± 3.31), (46.12 ± 3.51) points, and adherence of functional exercise scores (0.97 ± 0.31), (2.81 ± 0.52) points. The differences were statistically significant (t=17.765-52.571, all P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences with hope level, NIHSS score, BI score before intervention and 4 weeks after intervention in the control group (t=5.435, 4.929, 11.067, all P<0.01), except for adherence of functional exercise scores (t=1.220, P=0.231) in the control group, but the change not as the experimental group. Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant in the score of hope level, NIHSS score, BI score and adherence of functional exercise with the experimental group after intervention ( t=6.030-10.690, all P<0.01). Conclusions The nursing with Snyder hope theory can promote the progress of early rehabilitation of acute stroke patients as well as the patients′exercise adherence.

The paper analyzes the problems in the clinical use of antibiotics, including imperfection in the structure of medical personne's professional knowledge, lack of guidance by pharmaceutical personnel about the use of antibiotics, and lack of effective supervision measures on the part of the hospital. It then points out the various harmful consequences resulting from the abuse of antibiotics. It is necessary to strengthen administrative intervention at various levels, to set up a steering committee for the rational use of antibiotics in medical institutions at various levels, and to incorporate knowledge about the rational use of antibiotics and hospital infection into continuing medical education.