Domestic generic drug registration has a large proportion in chemical drugs with outstanding repeated registration phe-nomenon and low level innovation of enterprises. Under the above background, chemical drug registration reform kicked off. The imple-mentation of new drug registration classification, marketing authorization holder and the changes of listed drug registration documents have a huge impact on China' s pharmaceutical industry, which can promote the reformulation of domestic pharmaceutical market, en-courage R&D and innovation in enterprises and accelerate the pace towards the international market.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for cultivating high-level comprehensive medical talents with high quality. METHODS:Based on the market and social needs,the teaching reform was conducted from the concepts of educational ideas, modes,curriculum system,contents,management and other aspects. RESULTS:In order to adapt to the needs of society and era, it should establish large education educational ideas to cultivate student's independent ability to obtain knowledge and self-develop-ment to make people change into community basic services and service and dedicate society with modes of cultivating inter-disci-plinary talents,including combination of prduction and study,foundation strengthening,professional expanding,penetration of sci-ence and technology and combination of arts and science;generally optimize curriculum system with theprinciple of precise defini-tion,clear classification,and optimized combination based on market and social needs;and update contents timely and teaching materials;the teaching management should be changed from closed off management of the past to the external management which dominated by the market assessment. CONCLUSIONS:Reform of medical higher education based on the market and social needs can cultivate the talents with high quality and comprehensive medical knowledge for the social needs,which is conductive to the de-velopment of medical industry.

Objective To investigate the expression of serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2 ) and its clinical significance in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods The levels of serum Ang-2,N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)were detected in 1 1 3 patients with CHF,who were divided into four groups according to New York Heart Association (NYHA:class Ⅰ,n=3 2;Ⅱ,n=30;Ⅲ,n=26;Ⅳ,n=25).Another 20 healthy volunteers for physical check-up were chosen as the control group.Results With the change of cardiac function (from Ⅰ to Ⅳ),the levels of plasma Ang-2 and NT-proBNP were increased significantly (P<0.05 ).The level of serum Ang-2 was positively correlated with NT-proBNP (r=0.774,P<0.001),but negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.725,P<0.001).Conclusion The level of serum Ang-2 has a significant correlation with the severity of heart failure.Ang-2 is expected to be used to predict and evaluate the severity of CHF.

OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancers in clinic; but it often induces adverse effects on ovarian functions such as reduced fertility and premature menopause. Mesna could attenuate the cisplatin-induced ovarian damages; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to figure out the underlying mechanism of the protection of mesna for ovaries against cisplatin therapy in cancers. METHODS: We performed female adult Sprague-Dawley rats into normal saline control (NS), low-dose cisplatin (CL), high-dose cisplatin (CH), CL plus mesna (CL+M), and CH plus mesna (CH+M) groups and detected anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)-positive follicle, oxidative stress status and anti-oxidative capability in ovaries. RESULTS: AMH-positive follicles were significantly decreased after cisplatin administration, which was significantly reversed when mesna was co-administered with cisplatin. The end product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), was significantly increased, but the anti-oxidative enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased in cisplatin groups when compared with NS group. In contrast, after co-administration of cisplatin with mesna, MDA was significantly decreased whereas the activity of SOD and the concentration of GSH were increased. Moreover, mesna did not decrease the anti-tumor property of cisplatin in HePG2 cell lines. CONCLUSION: Cisplatin damages the granulosa cells by oxidative stress to deplete the ovarian reserve and mesna could protect ovarian reserve through anti-oxidation. These results might highlight the mechanism of the protection of mesna for ovarian reserve and open an avenue for the application of mesna as a protective additive in cisplatin chemotherapy in clinical practise.
Adult ; Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Cisplatin ; Female ; Fertility ; Glutathione ; Granulosa Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Menopause, Premature ; Mesna ; Ovary ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase

Objective? To define the difficulty coefficient of Operating Room nursing items which is suitable for difficulty evaluation and can represent the workload of Operating Room nursing. Methods? From January 2017 to March 2018, through literature review, questionnaire survey and expert demonstration meeting, the nursing work items and operational difficulty indicators suitable for difficulty evaluation in Operating Room were determined. The weight of difficulty indicators was determined by analytic hierarchy process. Fifteen experts were selected for three rounds of Delphi inquiry. The coefficients of difficulty were determined by weighted linear method. Results? Finally, the difficulty coefficients of 68 operating room nursing items were obtained. The top three difficulty coefficients were "position placement and observation of lateral traction bed (7.268 7)", "position placement and observation of fixed skull (7.254 0)" and "position and observation of skull-brain frame lateral decubitus position (7.243 3)"; the last three difficulty coefficients were "horizontal supine position placement and observation (2.178 2)" and "sterile sheet laying (2.046 0)" , "no-contact wearing of sterile gloves (1.000 0)". Conclusions? This study defines 68 difficulty coefficients of operating room nursing work items which are suitable for difficulty evaluation and can represent the workload of Operating Room nursing. It can quantify the difficulty of Operating Room nursing work items and enhance the rationality of Operating Room nursing workload counting.

The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64％of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candi-date phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Por-phyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral sam-ples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.

OBJECTIVE: Pseudostellaria heterophylla has been paid more attention in recent years, mainly as a medicine food homology plant. The content determination of P. heterophylla is not specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (version 2020). The environmental conditions in different production areas could exert an influence on the quality of P. heterophylla. The purpose of this study is to discriminate P. heterophylla collected from different geographical origins of China. METHODS: In this study, the content of polysaccharide in 28 batches of P. heterophylla was determined using phenol-sulfuric acid. HPLC fingerprints were established under optimised HPLC-PDA methods. Subsequently, the similarity analysis (SA) and the quantification of heterophyllin B were analyzed. The metabolites of P. heterophylla were identified and evaluated using UHPLC-Q Exactive HF orbitrap MS system. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) were performed based on all peak areas. RESULTS: The polysaccharide content in Guizhou and Jiangsu was higher than that of other production areas, which varied significant from different origins. While the content of heterophyllin B in Anhui and Jiangsu was high. The correlation coefficients of HPLC fingerprints for 28 batches samples ranged from 0.877 to 0.990, and the characteristic map can be used to identify and evaluate the quality of P. heterophylla. The samples from Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangsu provinces can be relatively separated using multivariate statistical analysis including PCA, PLS-DA, HCA, OPLS-DA, indicating that their metabolic compositions were significantly different. Ultimately, a total of 15 metabolites which were filtrated by a VIP-value > 1 and a P-value < 0.05 associated with the separation of different origins were identified. CONCLUSION HPLC fingerprint was established to evaluate the quality and authenticity of P. heterophylla. The present work showed that the difference of geographic distributions had an influence on the internal chemical compositions. A sensitive and rapid untargeted metabolomics approach by UHPLC-Q Exactive HF orbitrap MS was utilized to evaluate P. heterophylla from different origins in China for the first time. Overall, this study provides insights to metabolomics of P. heterophylla and supplies important reference values for the development of functional foods.