Objective: To develop and optimize a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formula for improving the dissolution of atorvastatin calcium.Methods: Solubility and pseudo-ternary phase diagram were used to select the suitable type and amount range of oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant.D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the formula of atorvastatin calcium SMEDDS.The morphology, particle size distribution and zeta potential of the microemulsion were determined by a dilution method.The in vitro drug release profiles of the marketed atorvastatin calcium tablets and the self-made SMEDDS were compared.Results: The formula of atorvastatin calcium SMEDDS was as follows: Capmul MCM as the oil phase, Labrasol as the surfactant and Transcutol P as the co-surfactant with the optimal weight ratio of 13.0∶43.5∶43.5.The self-made SMEDDS was a clear and transparent microemulsion solution with homogeneous small spheres as seen under a transmission electron microscope.The particle size, PdI and zeta potential of the self-made SMEDDS was (34.2±13.6) nm, (0.169±0.04) and (-21.1±1.3) mV, respectively.The in vitro release profile indicated that the accumulated release of the self-made SNEDDS reached up to nearly 100% in 45 min.Conclusion: The optimal formula of atorvastatin calcium SMEDDS optimized by D-optimal mixture design can improve the drug dissolution rate effectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of nimesulide(NIM) on human breast cancer cell lines, including MDA?- MB?- 231(estrogen receptor?- negative) and MCF?- 7 (estrogen receptor?- positive). Methods MDA?- MB?- 231 and MCF?- 7 human breast carcinoma cell lines were treated with NIM in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay, distribution of cell cycle and rate of apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, meanwhile the rates of apoptosis were estimated on the basis of Annexin V apoptosis detection. The apoptosis was confirmed by ultrastructural alternations. Results The inhibitory effects of NIM on proliferation of MDA?- MB?- 231 and MCF?- 7 cells were associated with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and with induction of apoptosis, in a time and dose?- dependent manner. Simultaneously, NIM may also inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of MCF?- 7 cells. Conclusions NIM inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis not only in ER?- positive, but also in ER?- negative breast cancer cells. There were two different mechanisms underlying the anti?- carcinogenic action of NIM, namely, dependent on the expression of COX?- 2 protein or not.

Objective To observe the effect of nimesulide (NIM) on DMBA-induced mammary tumors and to investigate possible mechanisms of inhibiting tumors. Methods The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: DMBA group, NIM+DMBA group, NIM+diet group and diet group. The incidence and mean latent phase of mammary tumors were observed. The number and volume of tumors in every rat were measured. The apoptosis index and proliferation index were evaluated by TUNEL assay and PCNA immunohistochemical staining respectively.Results The latent phases of mammary tumors in NIM+DMBA group were strikingly longer than those in DBMA group 〔(115?14.8) d vs (84?15.6) d, P

Objective To display whether Interleukin-8 was involved in acute lung injury(ALI) and in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods Serum IL-8 levels in 12 patients with ALI and 13 patients with ARDS were assayed by RIA,and compared with 59 normal controls.Results The level of serum IL-8 was significantly higher in the patients with ALI and ARDS than that in the normal controls(P

[Objective] To observe the effect of prescription of dredging intestines to dispel heat for enema on serum C-reactive protein content in acute abdomen (AA) induced by pyemia. [Methods] Fifty-seven cases of AA induced by py-emia were randomly allocated to two groups. On the basis of routine operation and application of antibiotics, Group A was treated with prescription of dredging intestines to dispel heat for enema and Group B with saline enema additionally. Therapeutic effect and C-reactive protein content in the two groups were observed and compared. [Results] All the cases in the two groups were cured. C-reactive protein content in Group A were decreased obviously in the 7th day after treatment (P

Objective To establish the item pool of quality of life questionnaire of Chinese medicine for postoperative patients with colorectal cancer;To conduct preliminary item screening. Methods With the guidance of Chinese culture background and TCM theory, systematic retrospective studies on medical records, interviews, TCM syndrome entries, and entries from EORTC QLQ-CR38 were used, and theoretical structure was extracted to form the primary item pool. Item selection and entry were optimized through the investigation, and the item pool was established through expert consultation. Results Item pool was composed of 70 entries, and the pre-questionnaire scale was formed. Conclusion Extraction of item pool ensures the reliability and scientificity of soft index, also has the characteristics of Chinese medicine.

This paper analyzes the factors that affect students' autonomous learning from the aspects of teaching interaction,the binding force of curriculum to students,the application of network and electronic products.On the basis of this,we put forward that taking the molecular biology course of biotechnology major and bio-pharmacy Major as a teaching reform template in our university,and based on the network teaching platform of molecular biology,adopt flipped classroom as the main form to improve students' autonomous learning ability,and promote their ability of lifelong learning,so that they can adapt to the development of pharmaceutical biotechnology industry.

Objective To identify and investigate the cause of the unacceptable bacteria level inside the lumen of fiberendoscope during monitoring so as to increase the pass rate of its cleaning and disinfection. Methods A failure mode effect analysis of the cause was done and the workflow was thereafter improved. Meanwhile, pre and post bacteriological monitor was applied to the fiberendoscope lumen samples. Results The number of scrubbing times while manual cleaning affected the monitoring results. The scrubbing times was amended and the pass rate increased from 84.15% to 98.65%. The results were significantly different The failure mode risk index of endoscope cleaning and disinfection was calculated, and the highest two items were: The number of scrubbing times the operators execute RPN=640, the method of lumen cleaning RPN=480. These were the key factors of qualification of monitoring. Conclusions After the amendment, no less than 5 times' scrubbing was required and the bacteriological monitoring method was used to analyze the effects,thereafter the pass rate of lumen bacteria monitoring can be increased significantly.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of metronidazole,tetra-caine hydrochloride and dexamethasone acetate in metronidazole compound.METHODS:The content determination was per-formed on column C 18 ;the mobile phase consisted methanol-water-triethylamine(65∶35∶0.36),the detection wavelength of both metronidazole and tetracaine hydrochloride was310nm,and240nm for dexamethasone acetate,the flow rate was1ml/min and the column temperature was25℃.RESULTS:The linear ranges of metronidazole,tetracaine hydrochloride and dexameth_ asone acetate were0.412?g～2.06?g(r=0.9999),0.191?g～0.956?g(r=0.9999)and0.121?g～0.604?g(r=0.9998),respectively,and their average recoveries were100.69%(RSD=1.28%),101.37%(RSD=0.23%)and102.40%(RSD=0.89%),respectively.CONCLUSION:The method was simple,accurate,reproducible,and suitable for the quality control of metronidazole compound.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the results of 1102 primary liver cancer (PLC) patients underwent liver resection in the past thirty years and to search some effective approaches for improving the longterm effect or PLC treatment. 95% were with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 85.2% with cirrhosis of hepatitis and 25.6% with tumor equal to or smaller than 5 cm in diameter. The mortality rate (MR) within 1 month after operation was 1.8%, the operative MR was 8.8% before 1977 and only 0.4% after that. The total 5-year survival rate (SR) was 28.2% while in the group of small tumor (≤5cm), it was 75.0%. Our experience was as follows: (1) Early diagnosis and early resection of PLC is the key point for improving the operative result of longterm survival. In 282 cases of small cancer, tumor resection rate was 90.0%. Of 48 cases of tumor equal to or smaller than 3 cm in diameter, the 5-year SR was 83.3%. (2) .Rehepatectomy for recurrent liver cancer is an important approach for improving the surgical result. In our series, recurrent rate within 5 years postoperation was 72.3% in larger tumor group and 34.5% in small tumors. There were 78 cases undergoing reoperation in a total number of 170 times of rehepatectomy with 54.7% of 5-year SR after the 1st operation and 34.6% after the 2nd one. (3) For unresectable large tumors, two-stage operation is an important development in liver surgery. We had 26 cases of such patients with 60.0% of 5-year SR. (4) Improvement of operating techniques plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications, lowering operative mor- tality and obtaining better operative result. (5) Postoperative comprehensive treatments are also important for solidating operative effect and preventing tumor recurrence.