Objective To study the bioequivalence of domestic ropivacaine mesylate in compared with imported ropivacaine hydrochloride in Beagle dogs.Methods Ropivacaine mesylate and ropivacaine hydrochloride at a dose of 10 ?mol/kg was administered intravenously in a randomized cross-over test.The plasma level of ropivacaine was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmacokinetic parameters of ropivacaine were determined by the soft pack of Practical Pharmacokinetic Program Version 97(3P97).Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of ropivacaine mesylate were T_(1/2?)(3.83?1.89) min,T_(1/2?)(41.08?4.47) min,AUC_(0-200)(148.67?87.51) ?g?ml~(-1)?min~(-1),C_(max)(3.96?1.50) ?g/ml,CL(s)(0.030?0.014) L?kg~(-1)?min~(-1),and these parameters of ropivacaine hydrochloride were(3.09?1.19) min,(38.43?4.41)min,(125.80?81.06) ?g?ml~(-1)?min~(-1),(3.72?1.31) ?g/ml,(0.030?0.013) L?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) respectively.Conclusion The bioavailability of ropivacaine mesylate is equal to that of ropivacaine hydrochloride.

Objective] To observe the efficacy of acupuncture combined with Chinese herb and conventional treatment for allergic rhinitis. [Method] 272 patients were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) group, Acupuncture group, Acupuncture combined TCM group. Patients in Control group received conventional treatment for allergic rhinitis;based on Control group, acupuncture was added in Acupuncture group; based on Control group, TCM was used in TCM group; patients in Acupuncture combined TCM group received both acupuncture and TCM. After treatment, the efficacy of all these groups was analyzed. [Result] The cure rate and total efficiency of Acupuncture combined TCM group, Acupuncture group and TCM group was significantly increased. Compared with the control groups the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Among them the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined TCM group had the best cure rate. Compared to the differences over the TCM group and acupuncture group, the cure rate and total efficiency were statistically significant( P<0.05). [Conclusion] It's important to combine acupuncture together with TCM to improve the clinical efficacy of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of system approach to management on prenatal health care in floating population. Methods The prenatal care was managed through establishing "Contact handbook on the health of pregnant women in Shanghai" for 505 lying-in women from the floating population of Minhang District. The condition of antenatal health care, the outcome of gestation and related factors were investigated and the results were compared to those reported in literatures. Results After system approach to management, the rate of having 1 - 3 antenatal examinations accounted for 32.1% ( 162/505 ), that of 4 - 8 examinations accounted for 43.0% ( 217/505 ), that ≥ 9 examinations accounted for 15.6% (79/505), which were higher than that reported by Zhuang Chanjuan (P = 0.001 ). Among 458 responders 185 (40.4% ) thought the cost for prenatal examination was "high" or "too high". Among 293 responders, 211 (72.0%) did not establish the contact handbook due to "not knowing the handbook" or "not clear about the process". The frequency of antenatal examination was associated with education levels of the lying-in women ( P =0.000) , whether their husbands being native Shanghainese or not ( P =0.002)and establishing contact handbood ( P = 0.002). Conclusions System approach to management promotes the utilization of antenatal health care for floating population, establishing contact handbook is a workable method to promote the utilization.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasible monitoring techniques for the buried free flap. METHOD: Buried free flaps in reconstruction were monitored using combined monitoring techniques in five cases of advanced hypopharyngeal cancer The monitoring effects were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: The operations were carried out successfully and all the five patients got primary healing of incision without vascular crisis. Four patients need combined monitoring techniques to confirm the microcirculatory results of the buried free flap. CONCLUSION Application of Doppler combined with flap island was feasible on monitoring the blood supply of post-operative buried free flap, it is a good monitoring technique.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; blood supply ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hypopharynx ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery in the management of diseases of adrenal glands, kidneys and ureters. Methods By using a closed puncture into retroperitoneal space to establish a surgical access ,87 patients with diseases of adrenal glands, renal cysts, ureteral calculi and ureteral deformities were operated on by means of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. Results The surgery was successfully accomplished in 83 patients with an excellent therapeutic effect, whereas a conversion to open surgery was required in 4 patients. There were no blood transfusions or serious complications in the study. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic operations of adrenalectomy, cyst unroofing, ureterolithotomy, ureterolysis and ureteroplasty has the advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss and fewer complications, being an effective and practical procedure .

Objective To study the neurotoxicity of chronic aluminum overload and the protective effects of nimodipine in rats.Methods The brain damage models of rats were established via intragastric administration of aluminum gluconate(element aluminum 400 mg/kg)once a day,5 d/week for 12 weeks.The step-down test and programmed Morris water maze test were used to evaluate the changes of learning and memory functions of rats.Pathomorphological changes of hippocampi of rats were observed.The activities of SOD,ChAT,AchE,MAO-B and the contents of MDA of brain tissue in rats were also measured.Nimodipine(80 mg/kg)were intragastrically administered 4 h after aluminum administration every time for 12 weeks.Results Chronic aluminum administration induced the impairment of avoidance learning and memory ability and spatial oriental ability.Consistent with the behavioral changes,neuronal death in the hippocampi,decreased activities of SOD and ChAT,increased content of MDA,and increased activity of MAO-B and AchE were detected in the aluminum-overload mice.The administration of nimodipine could significantly protect rats from the brain damage,and behavioral and biochemical changes above caused by aluminum overload were in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion These results suggest that changes of cellular calcium overload and oxide stress and MAO-B activities are involved in pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury induced by chronic aluminum overload.Nimodipine has a protective effect on neurotoxicity of chronic aluminum overload.

Objective To summarize the therapeutic effects of mesh-plug tension-free hernioplasty in eldly bilateral inguinal hernia.Methods 22 patients were treated by mesh-plug hernia repair in one operation.The operative procedure, postoperative pain,ability recovery, com-plications and recurrence rate were studied. Results All the operativeprocedure were performed smoothly. The postoperative complications included:4 cases of scrotal hydroceles, 3 urinary retention and 2 (subcutaneous) haematoma. 1～23 months follow-up were taken, no recent recurrence was founded.Conclusions Mesh-plug tension-free hernioplasty has the advantages of simple performance, less trauma and fewer recurrence.It is especially suitable to the eldly patients with bilateral inguina hernia.

Objective To study the clinical effect of noninva si ve positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)on the treatment of acute exacerbations o f chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)with type Ⅱ respiratory failure.Methods Observe the data in arterial blood gas (pH,PaO2,PaCO2 ),the course of disease in the hospital ,the rate of endotracheal intubation ,the mortality of the patients in NIPPV and compare with those of the patients without NIPPV treatment before.Results The data in arterial blood gas had been improved signif icantly in NIPPV after 24h.The course of disease in hospital was significantly s horter,and the rate of endotracheal intubation and mortality of the patients wa s significantly lower in NIPPV than those in no NIPPV.There was remarkably diffe rence between two groups.In NIPPV,the rate of endotracheal intubation were sig nificantly lower in light and moderate respiratory failure than those in severe respiratory failure(P

The current problems of pharmacology teaching in nursing in 3-year program colleges lie in that the teaching ideas drop behind;course orientation is vague;the development of text books lags;the contents lack characteristics;and there is no clear aims in the practice teaching.So,it is essential to make the teaching evolution.First,according to the post needs,the orientation of the courses should be definite,and new ideas about the curriculum should be set up.Meanwhile,the development of text books should be speeded up and the teaching contents should be optimized.Then,practice teaching needs to be improved,and cultivation of their comprehensive competence should be enhanced.To improve the students’professional qualities,emphasis on the penetration of humanities should be paid attention to.

Objective To evaluate the effects of leucocyte-depleting filtration on systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing valve surgery. Methods Fifty-two patients underwent elective mitral valve or mitral and aortic valves replacement surgery in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Each group (n=26) was placed on the same cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit except for the arterial line filter. One group of patients (CG) used the TERUMO ordinary arterial line filter as a control, and the Pall LG-6 leucocyte-depleting arterial line filter and TERUMO ordinary arterial line filter were incorporated into the arterial line of extracorporeal circuit in a parallel way in the EG. The leukocyte-depleting filters were used from 5-10 minutes before aortic cross clamp release to the end of CPB. Intra- and postoperative variables consist of leucocyte counts, serum levels of cytokines and complement C_3, body temperature and the usage of antibiotics. Statistical analysis with indepent-samples t-tests, paired-samples t-test, correlate and chi-square (SPSS11.5) was performed on all data to test for significant differences. A P value of