IrritabIe boweI syndrome( IBS)is caused by muItipIe factors,and the pathogenesis has not yet been cIarified. RecentIy,the roIe of brain-gut axis based bio-psycho-sociaI medicaI modeI in the pathogenesis of IBS has been wideIy accepted. Brain-gut axis forms a nerve-endocrine-immune network mediating bidirectionaI reguIation pathway,which pIays an important roIe in maintaining homeostasis between centraI nervous system and gut. Brain-gut axis abnormaIities may Iead to imbaIance of the homeostasis and subsequentIy induce the occurrence of IBS. This articIe reviewed the advances in study on brain-gut axis dysfunction in pathogenesis of IBS.

Objective To explore the changes of serum CRP and SAA in patients with comprehensive assessment COPD group,and correlation with lung function.Methods We selected 139 cases patients with COPD.According to the guide of GOLD 2015,the COPD patients were divided into group A (23 cases),group B (19 cases),group C (51 cases) and group D (46 cases).Analysis of the correlation between serum CRP and SAA level and injury severity of pulmonary function was perforined.Results Compared with group A,C,the group D had significance and had the highest level of serum CRP,SAA (P ＜ 0.05).Group B was higher than group C.The Lung function damage degree was negatively correlated with the level of CRP and SAA in patients with COPD (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The change of the concentration of serum CRP,SAA will contribute to the evaluation of patients with COPD and provide objective basis for the treatment and management of patients with COPD.Detection of CRP,SAA is helpful to evaluate the damage degree of lung function.

Objective Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)can induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cell and the mechanism is not clear. We aimed to study the mechanism of selective COX 2 inhibitor Nimesulide induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer line SGC 7901 by detecting the expressions of COX 2 at mRNA level, c myc, Bcl 2 and caspase 3 at protein level. Methods Apoptosis was determined by electronic microscopy, Annexin V FITC staining and flow cytometry. The mRNA of COX 2 was detected by RT PCR. The protein expressions of c myc, Bcl 2 and caspase 3 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results Nimesulide of 50 ?mol/L at 48 and 72 h, and of 100 ?mol/L and 200 ?mol/L at 24, 48 and 72 h induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner.Their apoptotic rates were 7.51%, 9.86% and 11.58%, 12.45%, 16.66% and 12.21%, 15.38%, 20.28% respectively. It increased c myc and caspase 3 expression and decreased Bcl 2 expression and COX 2 mRNA expression. The positive protein expression rates of Bcl 2, c myc and capase 3 were (20.2?7.6)%,(49.2?15.1)% and (34.6?12.9)% respectively with Nimesulide of 200 ?mol/L at 72 h,while the controls being (44.6?12.1)%, (24.7 ?9.5)% and (14.8?6.4)% the three comparative P

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders,which impacts on patients’quality of life as well as physical and mental health. Studies have shown that visceral hypersensitivity (VHS)is an important pathophysiological factor in the pathogenesis of IBS,and neural regulation plays a key role in the process of VHS. This article reviewed the advances in study on effect of neural regulation pathway on pathogenesis of VHS in IBS.

There is increasing evidence that microcirculation hypoxia plays an important role in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)are transcriptional factors that serve as master regulators in ischemic and hypoxia injuries.Aims:To investigate the effect of HIF-2αon dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods:Mx-Cre/LoxP recombination system was utilized to establish a conditional HIF-2αgene knockout (HIF-2α-/-)mouse model.C57BL/6,HIF-2α+/+and HIF-2α-/-mice were randomly allocated into DSS colitis group and water drinking group,respectively.Experimental colitis was induced by treatment with 4% DSS in drinking water for 7 days,and the disease activity index (DAI)was assessed daily.Mice in each group were sacrificed on day 1,3,5 and 7 in batch;the histopathological changes of colonic tissue were observed, and mRNA expressions of HIF-2αand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by real-time PCR.Results:During model establishment,expression of HIF-2αmRNA in colonic tissue was elevated in C57BL/6 and HIF-2α+/+DSS colitis groups,and the DAI and colonic inflammatory score were significantly higher than those in C57BL/6 water drinking group (P<0.05 on day 5 and day 7).Compared with HIF-2α+/+DSS colitis group,HIF-2α-/-DSS colitis group had more severe colonic inflammatory injury and the DAI and inflammatory score were further increased (P all<0.05,except the inflammatory score on day 7);expression of TNF-αmRNA in colonic tissue was also increased significantly in HIF-2α-/-DSS colitis group (P<0.05 on day 5 and day 7).Conclusions:HIF-2αmay ameliorate colonic inflammatory injury in mice with DSS colitis via inhibition of TNF-αexpression.

OBJECTIVE:To study the adsorption of disposable transfusion connective tube and infusion needle for single use only to nitroglycerin in intravenous injection via minipump.METHODS:The intravenous injection via minipump was im-itated;the concentration change of nitroglycerin during the injection process was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RESULTS:Disposable transfusion connective tube and infusion needle for single use only had significant adsorption to nitroglycerin with an mean adsorption rate at(73.88?2.05)%within8hours.CONCLUSION:It is unsuitable to use those disposable transfusion connective tubes and infusion needles for single use only that have strong adsorption to nitroglycerin in the intravenous injection of nitroglycerin via minipump.

To improve higher training quality and capacity of orthopedic postgraduates,early contact education,problem-base learning combined with co-supervisor with radiologists were engaged for orthopedic postgraduates since 2008.Effect of the practice was assessed by postgraduates one year later.Investigation revealed that practice aroused learning enthusiasm and initiative,promoted comprehensive understanding of orthopedic knowledge,set up social responsibility,and constructed innovative thinking.

OBJECTIVE To understand the urinary tract infections after cesarean section,the distribution of pathogenic strains,and drug resistance analysis in order to provide clinical treatment. METHODS The routine urine cultures of the 2652 case were identified and drug resistance was analyzed by K-B method. RESULTS From 458 isolated bacteria,Gram-negative bacilli were main,pathogen accounting for 80.13%,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella,accounted for 71.62% and 4.8% respectively;Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 14.41%,and fungi accounted for 3.71%. CONCLUSIONS G-bacteria in the urinary tract infection are in the absolute superiority;rational use of antibiotics to effectively control the urinary tract infections and avoid drug-resistant strains produceing is especially critical.

Objective To investigate the diagnositic role of second generation colon capsule endoscopy in colorectal diseases.Methods After colon preparation procedure,fourteen volunteers were observed with second generation colon capsule endoscopy.During the examination,stomach and small bowel transit time,the colorectal examination time and the positive founding were recorded.Capsule excretion rate,the colon cleaning level and rate of adverse events also were assessed.Results Colorectal diseases including colon polyp,colon protrusion lesion and internal hemorrhoid were found in 7 volunteers.Stomach diseases including erosive gastritis and gastric ulcer in 10 volunteers.Small bowel diseases including small bowel polyp,ileum ulcer and small bowel protrusion lesion in 6 volunteers.Thirteen capsule were excreted within 480 minutes.The average colorectal examination time was 310 ± 125 minutes.The average stomach and small bowel transit time were 82 ± 39 minutes and 121 ± 73 minutes,respectively.The overall colon cleanliness was adequate in 7 patients.There are no severe adverse events during the examination.Conclusion The second generation capsule endoscopy can observe the colorectal mucosal changes and it might be considered as an adequate tool for colorectal diseases screening and diagnosis.

Objective To study risk factors with the occurrence of the mesh exposure after pelvic floor reconstruction.Methods From Mar.2007 to Mar.2011,a retrospective study was made on the clinical data of 353 patients undergoing vaginal mesh pelvic floor reconstruction.The related complications of the mesh were surveyed,and risk factors associated with the mesh's exposure were studied by single factor and multiple factors logistic regression.Results It was found that the exposure rate was 9.6％ (34/353) after 1 year postoperative follow-up.Single factor analysis showed that patients who were not less than 70 years old,patients who were on their menopause stage,the occurrence of not less than three parturition,history of pelvic surgery,diabetes and smoking had a significant correlation (all P ＜ 0.05) with the occurrence of the mesh exposure after pelvic floor reconstruction.Multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed that patients who were not less than 70 years of age (OR =2.389),the occurrence of not less than three parturition (OR =2.688),the history of diabetes (OR =3.545),the history of pelvic surgery (OR =5.385) were the independent risk factors,and the operation experience was the protection factors (OR =0.134).Conclusions Mesh exposure is a common complication after pelvic floor reconstruction.Old age,multiple delivery,history of diabetes and history of pelvic surgery are the risk factors of mesh exposure.Preoperative full assessment and the quality of training contribute to reduce the incidence.