Objective To report the modified surgical technique currently used for the construction of an orthotopic ileal neobladder.So as to improve the vesical function of urinary storage and urination after total cystectomy. Methods Radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder with double “U” shape were performed in 20 patients with transitional cell carcinoma. After the detubularized ileal segment approximately 40 cm in length was arranged in a U configuration,the two medial borders of the U-shaped open segment were oversewn with a single layer seromuscular continuous 2-0 polyglycolic acid suture.The bottom of the U was folded over between the two ends of the U.Thus a spherical pouch, the neobladder, was fashioned. During that period, the neobladder anastomosed to the urethra.The ureters were implanted according to the improved stitching method. Results The operative time to form a neobladder was (90?15)min.Follow-up turned out that no perioperative or early postoperative mortality was observed, and no severe early complications occurred. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 25 (range,6 to 48) months.All the 20 cases achieved excellent continence except for 6 cases with temporary incontinence at night.Dysuria occurred in 1 case,and hydronephrosis on the left was found in 1 case.Six months later, the mean bladder capacity was 340 ml (range,250 to 450 ml). Conclusions The construction of an ileal neobladder using a smaller part of ileum that has been completely detubularized and fashioned by double U shape is easy and agreeable to perform.This mode of operation has low complication rates, achieves adequate capacity at low pressure, and provides satisfactory continence rates.

Objective: To study the effects of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor(rhbFGF), recombinant human transforming growth factor ?1 (rhTGF ?1)and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2(rhBMP 2) alone or in combination on the proliferation of rat bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) in vitro . Methods: Rat BMSCs were cultured in vitro , rhbFGF(1 ?g/L,f), rhTGF ?1(5 ?g/L, t) and rhBMP 2(200 ?g/L,b) alone or in combination were added into the culture medium, cells were examined by phase contrast microscope, cell growth curves were obtained by cell counting and cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Results: 1 ?g/L of rhbFGF alone or combined with 200 ?g/L of rhBMP 2 stimulated BMSC proliferation( P

Objective To analyze the computed tomography (CT)characteristics of splenic lymphangioma and the association be-tween CT findings and pathological results.Methods The CT characteristics and pathological findings of 9 patients with splenic lym-phangioma were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 8 cavernous lymphangioma and 1 cystic lymphangioma.Of the 9 ca-ses,it revealed that the percentage of blood vessel elements ranging from 5% to 50% via microscope.CT found 2 cases were with single lymphangioma,3 with multiple lesions,exhibiting as round or round-like mass;4 cases were found with diffuse lymphangio-ma and different size of cystic masses distributed across spleen.Five of the 9 cases who were with single or multiple lymphangioma showed circular and thin line-like cyst wall,while the remaining 4 cases showed latticed cyst wall in CT characteristics.The content in the cysts were with uneven density in all the 9 cases with CT value ranging from 10 to 40 HU,3 of which combined with sand-like calcification.Enhancement scanning found two characteristics:(a)cyst wall and separation were mildly enhanced,especially in the delayed phase;(b)the content in the cyst presents anomalous small patchy and mild enhancement.The enhancement of the content in the cyst did not change as the increasing of blood vessel composition.Conclusion CT examination will help the diagnosis of splenic lymphangioma and is of significance in informing clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND:Amputation is a special type of trauma. Mechanism of trauma-induced damage to the liver and the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) on the liver remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of hepatic damage in rats of postoperative amputation, and how H 2 S exerts effects on liver function.
METHODS:Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into normal group, postoperative 6-, 12-, 24-and 72-hour groups, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group, and propargyl glycine group, as wel as normal group, postoperative 6-hour group, HaHS group, and propargyl glycine group. Except the normal group, the structure 1.2-1.4 cm above the left knee was completely transected in rats of other groups. Blood vessels were ligated, and then left femoral vein and femoral artery were cut to establish rat models of amputation in the left hind limb. In the NaHS and propargyl glycine groups, 28 μmol/kg NaHS and 50 mg/kg propargyl glycine were intraperitoneal y injected immediately after amputation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group, traumatic changes in rat liver cel s and mitochondrial structure were seen, and plasma and liver myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase levels, liver mitochondrial respiratory control rate, membrane potential and ATP activity were significantly lower in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05). After NaHS intervention, H 2 S/cystathionineγ-lyase level and above indicators were significantly higher in the postoperative 6-hour groups (P<0.05), but plasma transaminase did not significantly alter (P>0.05). After treatment with propargyl glycine, above indicators except mitochondrial indexes were further decreased, and transaminase was significantly reduced (P<0.05). These findings suggest that H 2 S can reduce lipid peroxidation, inflammatory reaction, and make the mitochondrial function improved significantly, but did not reduce the damage of liver function in rat models after amputation.

Medical science have two sides in its nature. It is not only a subject of science, but also a social science. Medical science need social science to nourish it. At present, unsuitable language is the main cause which lead to medical tangles. The medical workers' attitude towards patients is the key factor during the solving course. Most of the medical tangles do not lead to accusing in the beginning. Both patients and the hospital wish to solve the tangle by intercession or compromise instead of law ways. Appropriate language could avoid non-malpractice tangles. It also play an important role in solving the medical tangles.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) on inflammatory and oxidative damage of myocardium due to stress after amputation,and explore the relationship between H2S signal pathway and inflammatory and oxidative damage.Methods Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats(weighing 260-300g) were randomly divided into 4 groups(7 each):control group,trauma group,NaHS group and PPG group.Rat model of traumatic stress was established in the rats in the 3 latter groups,and the animals were sacrificed 6 hours after modeling.The rats in control group were also sacrificed at the same time point.Rats in NaHS and PPG group respectively received intraperitoneal injection of NaHS(28?mol/kg) or PPG(50mg/kg).The level of H2S in plasma was measured by sensitive sulphur electrode,the activity of CSE in myocardium was determined by methylene blue method,myeloperoxidase(MPO) in plasma and myocardium was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and malondialdehyde(MDA) in plasma and myocardium was measured by TBA method.Results Compared with the control group,the content of H2S in plasma decreased,MPO and MDA in plasma and myocardium increased 6 hours after amputation(trauma group).Compared with the trauma group,the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium increased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium decreased in NaHS group,while the contents of H2S and MPO in plasma and the activity of CSE in myocardium decreased,MDA in plasma and MPO and MDA in myocardium increased in PPG group.Conclusion Inflammatory and oxidation injuries may occur in rat's myocardium after amputation,and H2S can offer a protective effect on myocardium by decreasing inflammatory and oxidative damage.

AIM:To characterize the inclusion complex of volatile oil of Rhodiola crenulata/?-cyclodextrin. METHODS: Some analytical methods,such as DTA,IR,GC,TLC were apllied to the investigation before and after the inclusion. RESULTS: The difference between the inclusion and physical mixture in differential thermal(analysis,) infrared spectra,gas chromatogram and thin layer chromatogram. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of Rhodiola crenulata volatile oil has the characteristic of intramolecular inclusion.

PurposeTo study the effect of gasoline on the extracellular matrix of dermis in rat. Methods45 male Wistar rats were divided into control group, 3 different exposure level groups, which were exposed to gasoline on 2 cm× 3 cm skin area with the dose of 250 mg/cm2 for 1 (group A) ,4(group B)and 8 days (group C) respectively,and an intervention group exposed to 250 mg/cm2 × 8 days gasoline after the application of protective agent on skin. After the treatment, collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were assayed in skin departed from intoxicated area.ResultsCompared with control group, collagen was decreased in group C(P<0.05); elastin was decreased in group B and C (P<0.05); glycosaminoglycan was decreased in all exposure groups and intervention group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 )。 Collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan(GAG) were significantly lower in group C than in intervention group ( P < 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe extracellular matrix of dermis,including collagen,elastin and GAG were decreased in rat dermal exposed to gasoline.

Objective To establish a multiplex PCR targeting the intergenic spacer regions (IGS) for the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.Methods Primers were designed by using the software ClustalW2 and Oligo 6 based on the sequence of IGS1 region,which shows high sequence variability in the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.,for the multiplex PCR.Then,the developed multiplex PCR was performed to identify 51 Cryptococcus neoformans strains representing genotypes VNI-VNIV and VNB as well as 41 Cryptococcus gattii strains representing genotypes VGI-VGIV.The identification results were compared with those from common PCR by using primers GPA1A,CLA4D and SODlgattii specific to Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,respectively,as well as with those from the canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) medium-based culture.Results The developed multiplex PCR successfully identified the 92 Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.strains,and yielded negative results from the other tested pathogenic yeasts,which revealed a high specificity of the designed primers.False positive results were observed in the identification of two Cryptococcus gattii strains with GPA1A primer-based PCR,one Cryptococcus gattii strain with CLA4D primer-based PCR,one var.grubii strain and one var.neoformans strain with CGB culture,while no false negative results were observed in the detection of these Cryptococcus strains by any of these methods.Conclusions The developed multiplex PCR in this study can rapidly and accurately identify Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans,AD hybrid,and Cryptococcus gattii,with superior performance in comparison with common PCR and CGB medium-based culture.

Objective To explore the levels of neuron-speciifc enolase (NSE) of the cerebrospinal lfuid (CSF) in children with convulsion. Methods Ninety children with convulsion were enrolled. According to the frequency of convulsion attack, the children were divided into brief convulsion group 51 cases and prolonged convulsion group 39 cases, further, based on the etiology, the children were divided into viral encephalitis (VE) group, idiopathic epilepsy (EP) group, and febrile convulsion (FS) group. CSF was collected within 24-48 h convulsion attack. Twenty-three children with elective surgery were selected as a control group. CSF was collected before surgery. The NSE level of CSF were measured by ELISA method and compared among groups. Results The NSE levels of CSF in prolonged convulsion group and brief convulsion group were signiifcantly higher than that in control group, while the NES levels of CSF in prolonged convulsion group were signiifcantly higher than that in brief convulsion group (all P<0.05). Among the prolong convulsion group or the brief convulsion group, the VE group had the highest NSE level of CSF, which was signiifcantly higher than EP group and FS group (all P<0.01), and the difference between EP group and FS group was not statistically signiifcant (P>0.05). Conclusions Convulsion contributed to higher NSE levers of CSF, especially in children with prolonged convulsion attack or with VE. The NSE level of CSF can be regarded as an early objective indicator of brain damage after convulsions.