Objective To observe the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on T24 bladder cancer cells growth, Caspase-3 gene expression, as well as the weight and volume changes of transplantation tumor of hairless mouse. Methods The cell proliferation inhibition was measured by MTT colorimetric assay. Morphological changes in the cell nucleus was measured by fluorescein stain. Morphologic cell apoptosis was analyzed by FCM. The espression of Caspase-3 was observed by immunocytochemistry staining. The weight and volume changes of transplantation tumor of hairless mouse were measured before and after As2 O3 was used. Results As2 O3 could significantly inhibit the growth of T24 cells, which depended on the reaction time and concentration of drug. With the extension of the time, the increase in the rate of apoptosis and expression of casepase-3 increased. The tumor size and tumor analysis of As2O3 group decreased than those of the control group(P＜0. 05). Conclusion As2O3 could significantly inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cells and its anti-cancer mechanisms may be related to increased Caspase-3 protein expression.

In order to meet the needs of training high-quality medical persons, combining teaching reform theory with foundational courses teaching practice, we summarize some successful experience in many respects such as construction and reformation of foundational educational system, grasping subject construction goal, bringing up and cultivating scientific researchers, improving experimental conditions. All we have done reveal that the combination of medicine and engineering is the characteristic form of development.

Objective To find out present condition and differences in implementation of clinical pathways in hospitals of in China.Methods "Clinical pathway" was entered as a keyword to search in PubMed NCBI Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database for related literatures in China from 1999 to 2009,analyzing the general implementations of clinical pathways in hospitals in different areas using the SPSS12.0 software.Results A total of 1051 relevant literatures were found.Through data analysis of these literature,differences of implementation of clinical pathways were found for 162 hospitals of different areas.It was found that the differences of total diseases among China's East,West and Central areas are significant statically.Diseases of implementation per hospital in the Central average 16.8,those in the East 8 types,while those for the West 4.4.Tertiary hospitals account for 70% as the main force of clinical pathway implementation,with diseases of implementation up to 13.7,while that under tertiary level down to 2.8.Conclusions Implementation of clinical pathways varies significantly among hospitals in different areas in China.In the process of implementing clinical pathway,appropriate management strategies should be developed according to actual situation in different hospitals in light of policies,hospital management and patient considerations.

Implementation of clinical pathways has a natural tie with payment modes of medical insurance,as various payment modes apply different impacts on clinical pathway.This article compared the strengths and weaknesses of various payment modes,and analyzed their impacts on clinical pathway.This way the authors provide references for decision makers of medical insurance policy.

Objective · To detect the vitamin D2 and D3 levels in the patients with moderate and severe depression. Methods · Eighty-five patientswho met the criteria for major depressive disorder were recruited (53 patients with moderate depression, 32 patients with severe depression). Fifty agematchedhealthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels were detected by using liquidchromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The risk factors which might influence the severity of depression were screened by Logisticregression analysis. Results · The serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels in the case group was lower than those in the controlgroup (P=0.012, P=0.000, P=0.000). The patients with moderate depression presented significantly lower serum 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levelsthan the controls did (P=0.000), although no significant difference in serum 25 (OH) D2 levels was found between these two groups. As well, the serum 25 (OH) D2, 25 (OH) D3 and total 25 (OH) D2/D3 levels in patients with severe depression were significantly lower than those in patients with moderate depression and controls (P<0.05). The body mass index of severe depression group was much higher than that of moderate depression group and control group (P=0.002). Both overweight/obesity and the concentration of vitamin D may be the major influencing factors of depression severity (P=0.034, P=0.011). Conclusion · Vitamin D2 and D3 deficiency in depressive patients, particularly in those patients with severe depression, was shown in the present study. In addition, overweight/obesity as well as the concentration of vitamin D may exert the significant influence on the severity of depression. Vitamin D supplementation and weight control may be needed to be considered in making therapeutic strategies of major depressive disorder.

Objective To develop an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide(USPIO)based MR probe targeting CD40 mutant and investigate its biological and chemical properties and its targeting effect on ovarian cancer cells in vitro.Methods To prepare immunologically competent probe,the monoclonal antibody was conjugated with USPIO particles modified by DMSA based on chemical crosslinking method.The USPIO labeled anti-human CD40 mutant monoclonal antibody 5H6(5H6-USPIO)was the experimental probe,and the USPIO labeled anti-human CD40 monoclonal antibody 5C11(5C11-USPIO)and USPIO served as control agents.The flow cytometry,confocal microscopy and Prussian blue staining were employed to assess the magnetic performance and analyze its bioactivity of the probe.The probe's cell MR imaging in vitro was carried out using ovarian caner cells(HO8910)with high CD40 mutant expression.The analysis of signal data of different groups was conducted by using one-way ANOVA andLSD test.The probe's effect on ovarian caner cells' growth was measured by CCK-8 kit.Results The stable molecular probe carrying nanoparticles and CD40 mutant antibody was built and purified successfully.The probe had similar magnetic property compared with original USPIO.Immunofluorescence and Prussian blue staining confirmed that the molecular probe could recognize CD40 mutant on ovarian cancer cells(HO8910)with high specificity.The probe had no effect on the growth of HO8910 cells.MR cell imaging in vitro showed that the value of T2 and T2 * decreased significantly after the probe binding with HO8910 cells and T2WI became darker than control groups.The T2 and T2* relaxation time of 5H6-USPIO group was(40.05 ± 1.62)ms and(3.08 ± 0.11)ms,respectively.The T2 and T2 * relaxation time of 5H6-USPIO group was shorter than 5C11-USPIO [(85.38 ± 4.74)and(11.82 ± 1.00)ms,respectively]and USPIO[(91.62 ± 3.35)and(13.60 ± 1.92)ms,respectively]groups with statistical significance(F =196.29,60.73,P ＜0.01).The difference of T2 and T2* relaxation time between 5C11-USPIO and USPIO groups showed no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusions CD40 mutant antibody can conjugate with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles to form MR molecular probe using chemical crosslinking method.The probe has good magnetic characters and high bioactivity.The probe can specifically bind with HO8910 cells.

Objective To evaluate the effects of community-based rehabilitation therapy on activitv of daily living performance of the Chinese stroke patients. Methods In a single blinded,randomized,controlled multicenter trial,737 consecutive stroke patients were stratified by two groups of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. All the patients were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group.The patients in the rehabilitation group received atandardized community-based rehabilitation therapy,while those in the control group did not.All the patients were followed up for 5 months for evaluation of their performance with activity of daily living by using Modified Barthel Index before intervention,after follow-up 2 and 5 months,respectively. Results Patients in the rehabilitation group performed better in ADL as reflected by the Modified Barthel Index score than those in the control group after 5 months of intervention(P＜0.05).Although both the rehabilitation group and control group improved over time,the rehabilitation group showed a greater improvement with the Modified Barthel Index scores when compared with the control group(P＜0.01).After 5 months follow-up,the total gain of Modified Barthel Index scores was 26.28 and 32.89 for those with cerebral infarction and hemorrhage,respectively,in the rehabilitation group. In comparison,the gain of Modified Barthel Index scores was 7.65 and 2 1.70 for those with cerebral infarction and those with hemorrhage,respectively in the control group.This implies a difference in improvement of 1 8.63 in cerebral infarction group and 1 1.19 in hemorrhage group,in favor of the rehabilitation group. Conclusion Standardized community-based rehabilitation therapy may help stroke patients to improve their performance in activity of daily living significantly.

Objective This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate and compare the prognosis of surgical repair for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC) with different drainage type.Methods From January 2006 to Decem-ber 2013, 328 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study .The distribution of the defects was 109 cases with cardiac, 161 with supracardiac, 32 with infracardiac, and 26 with mixed type of the drainage into the systemic circulation .The clinical re-cords of all the patients were reviewed.Studied variables were extracted from the clinical records.Followed-up was conducted at an interval of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and then once a year post-operation.Prevalence of peri-operative conditions were compared among four different types.Studied endpoints was defined by postoperative total death or pulmonary venous obstruc-tion(PVO), which was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted by differ-ent surgical strategy, emergency operation, preoperative-PVO, neonates, weight, combing with other complex cardiac defects,NYHA cardiac function, severe pulmonary hypertension and severe tricuspid regurgitation.Results There were significant discrepancyof preoperative conditions among four types of TAPVC.Patients with infracardiac TAPVC presented the most criticalsymptoms and clinical indexes, which included having largest proportion of neonates, preoperative PVO, severe NYHA grading,pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation, having lowest body weight at operation and youngest age.The cardiopulmonarybypass time, aortic crossclamp time and mechanical ventilation time were significantly longer in infracadiac and mixedTAPVC comparing to the other two types.For early mortality(death in hospital), infracadiac(9.4%) and mixed(11.5%)TAPVC demonstrated higher rates of death than cardiac(4.6%) and supracardiac(7.5%)TAPVC, although had no statisticalsignificance.For intermediate-term results, mortality in infracadiac(21.9%) and mixed(30.8%) TAPVC were significantlyhigher than cardiac ( 8.3%) and supracardiac (11.8%) TAPVC.Reoperation was more frequently required in mixed(19.2%), then infracadiac(15.6%)TAPVC.Mixed and infracadiac types are independent risk factors for TAPVC prognosis,after adjusting by the confounding factors.Conclusion Mixed and infracadiac types are independent risk factors for postoperativedeath and PVO among TAPVC patients.This study provided evidence for clinical assessment and management strategy fordifferent types of TAPVC.

Objective To explore the risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following defibrase therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods The clinical data of 245 patients with acute cerebral infarction,admitted to and treated with batroxobin in our hospital from March 2011 to May 2015,were summarized retrospectively.According to the intracranial hemorrhage under hospital CT scan or MRI,these patients were divided into HT group (n=18) and non-HT group (n=227).Influencing factors were analyzed by stepwise Logistic regression.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on the independent risk factors was performed to obtain the optimum predictive value of HT following defibrase therapy.Results National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores,sizes of cardioembolism,massive hemispheric infarction and cortical infarction,and fasting blood glucose level were statistically significant between HT and non-HT groups (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NIHSS scores (OR=1.262,95％ CI=1.025-1.554,P=0.028) and size of cardioembolism (OR=3.949,95％CI=1.093-14.269,P=0.036) were independent predictors of HT following defibrase therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction.The ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoffpoint of NIHSS scores to predict HT was 14.Conclusion Risk factors associated with HT following defibrase therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction include high NIHSS scores and cardioembolism.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of GINA regimen and GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.Methods A ran-domized,single blind,multicenter,parallel controlled clinical trial wascarried out.A total of 1 128 patients with bronchial asthma in children were randomized into two groups.The observation group were treated with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule.The GINA regimen treatment group was treated by GINA reg-imen.Clinical assessment and C-ACT scores was observed in first month,third month,sixth month after treat-ment.Clinical assessment included the times of upper respiratory tract infection occurrence,bronchitis and pneu-monia,asthmatic attacks,application of emergency medicine,hospitalizations due to asthmatic.Drug adverse effect in the two groups was compared.Results The times of upper respiratory tract infection,bronchitis and pneumonia,asthmatic was significantly decreased(P <0.05 ),and C-ACTscores were significantly higher(P <0.05)in the first month,the third month,and the sixth month after treatment.There were 16 cases of drug relat-ed adverse reactions.Seven cases were in observation group(n ﹦7)(1.15%)and 9 cases in the GINA regimen treatment group(n ﹦9)(1.73%).There was no significant difference of adverse effect between the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion The treatment of bronchial asthma in children with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule can significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and the number of asthmatic attacks dramatically and safely improve clinical curative effect,asthma control.