The distribution of TrkA and the postnatal development(PD) of TrkA and ChAT-immunoreactive(-IR) neurons andthe relation between them in the basal nucleus of Meynert of rats were studied with immunohistochemical method. The number,mean profile areas and grey degree of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons were examined with image analyser. The data revealed thatTrkA-IR neurons were localized in the basal forebrain of rats. TrkA immunostaining was present at PDI, but ChAT was not.ChAT immunostaining was present at PD5. Most densely stained TrkA and ChAT neuronal bodies and fibers were present atPD20, the mean grey degrees of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neuronal profiles reached its peak. Both TrkA and ChAT neurons beganto cline at PD30 and maintained a relatively higher level in the adult. However, during aging both TrkA and ChAT-IR neuronsatrophy and became smaller than that in the adult. The number of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons were decreased by 41.38% and 51.61%; the mean profile areas decreased by 15.7% and 12.8%; and the mean grey degrees by 29.9% and 9.9%, respec-tively. The mean profile areas of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons from PD5 to aged rats were positively correlated. The resultsindicated that the expression of TrkA was earlier than ChAT. The expression of TrkA and ChAT followed a very similar tempo-ral pattern in the basal nucleus of Meynert from PD5 to aged rats, suggesting that TrkA might participate the regulation ofChAT-IR neuronal development, differentiation, maturation, and ageing. The down-regulation of TrkA and ChAT of aged ratsis associated with neuronal atrophy and loss and may contribute to the pronounced vulnerability of these neurons to degenerationin aging animals and Alzheimer's disease.

Background and purpose:For the past few years, HPV DNA has been detected in the peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and believed to be a promising tumor marker, but because the concentration in the patients' serum was extremely low, it made it difficult to detect the circulating HPV DNA. In order to find a way to improve the sensitivity of the assay, this study compared and evaluated three methods that are currently being used to measure HPV DNA in the extraction from serum of cervical cancer patients. Methods:51 patients were pathologically proved to be cervical cancer and enrolled into the study. DNA from their sera was extracted by three methods:(1) Phenol-chloroform extraction, (2) UNIQ-10 collumn virus DNA kit(SANGON,Shanghai), (3) QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit(QIAGEN,Germany). Then the HPV DNA was quantitated by PCR using GP5+/GP6+ primers.Results:Either fresh or short-term storage sera has been used The positive rates were 14.3%, 5.7%, and 57.1% with three assays, respectively. But when long-term storage samples were used to quantitate, the positive rates were low regardless of the methods being used.Conclusions:QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit was the most sensitive for the content of serum HPV DNA, it could improve the positive rate for the assay if the serum was not stored for long time.

Thirty seven patients with venous thromboembolic disease in puerperium were admitted to hospital from January 2005 to December 2008; the clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The average age of patients was (33 ± 6)years (21 -42 years); the average onset time was ( 10 ± 6) d( 1 -50 d) after delivery.Seven patients had vaginal birth and 30 by cesarean section.The risk factors included pregnancy,cesarean section,age,infection,thrombophilia.All were diagnosed by ultrasonography and treated by anticoagulant,antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy in the acute phase,followed by wearing elastic compressive stockings for more than 2 years.Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 8 patients by CT angiography,in 7 of whom inferior vena cava filter was administrated emergently.The patients were followed up for (29 ± 10)months ( 12 -60 months); during the follow-up 3 developed deep vein post-thrombosis syndrome,while others kept in good condition.The results indicate that initial anticoagulant,antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy followed by elastic compressive stockings administration is effective for venous thromboembolic disease during puerperium.

Objective To investigate the postnatal developmental rule of TrkA and ChAT\|immunoreactive(ChAT\|ir) neurons and the relationship between TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons in the horizontal limb of diagonal band(HDB) of rats. Methods Immunohistochemistry technique combined with image analyser were used. Results TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons localized in the neurons of basal forebrain of rats. TrkA immunostaining was present at postnatal day 1(PD1), but ChAT immunostaining was present at PD5 Most densely stained TrkA and ChAT neuronal bodies and fibers were present at PD20, while the mean grey degrees of TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons reached to the peak. Both TrkA and ChAT began to decline at PD30 and maintain a relatively higher level in the adult. However, during aging both TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons atrophied and became smaller than that of adult. The number of TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons decreased 39 8% and 33 3%;the mean areas 15 7% and 12 8%; the mean grey degree values were 29 9% and 9 9%, respectively. The mean areas, grey degrees and numbers of TrkA and ChAT\|ir neurons from PD5 to aged rats had positive correlation. Conclusion The results indicate that the expression of TrkA was earlier than ChAT. The expression of TrkA and ChAT followed a very similar temporal pattern in HDB from PD5 to aged rats, suggesting that TrkA may participate in the regulation of ChAT\|ir neuronal development, differentiation, maturation and aging. The down\|regulation of TrkA and ChAT of aged rats is associated with neuronal atrophy and loss and may contribute to the pronounced vulnerability of these neurons to degeneration in aging animals and Alzheimer disease.\;

Objective To identify the typical imaging features of steatocystoma multiplex on mammography.Methods Mammographic findings in 9 patients with clinical and pathological diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex were analyzed along with a review of the current literature.Results Four of the nine patients with steatocystoma multiplex had a positive family history.Nine patients showed multiple,round,thin-walled fatty,radiolucent nodules with well-defined margin.These nodules are located in the superficial layer of the axilla bilaterally.They are also seen on the skin of breast(7 cases),the anterior chest wall (4 cases) and the upper arm (3 cases).Conclusion Recognition of the characteristic mammographic features of Steatocystoma multiplex is important in the management of these patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in assessment of fracture healing. Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups, ie, Croup A (union model group, transverse fracture open created on mid-shaft of tibia and inter-fixed by kirschner wire) and Group B (non-union model group, transverse fracture with 5 mm defect on mid-shaft of tibia open created, then sealed with bone wax on fracture gap and medulla cavity, inter-fixed by kirschner wire). At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, Kirschner wire was withdrawn and plain X-ray and QCT scanning were performed on the bilateral tibia. Then, rabbits were scarified and its bilateral tibia were desected and histologically examined. The result of X-ray and histological analysis was used as the "golden standard" for evaluation of fracture healing. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the evaluation performance of QCT. The corresponding segments of the contralateral healthy tibia were used as control to investigate the change of QCT parameters. Results In Group A, X-ray and histological analysis verified clear fracture line filled with irregular callus at 2 and 4 weeks but proved vague or vanishing fracture line and continuous and intact cortex of irregular callus at 8 and 16 weeks. In Group B, X-ray and histology analysis found clear fracture line with inactive ossification at 2 and 4 weeks but vague fracture line with scarce osteocyte and bone trabecula at 8 and 16 weeks. ROC analysis of QCT results showed the following results; (1) the areas under curve (accuracy) of material parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were 0.781 and 0.750 respectively; (2) structure parameter-cross-sectional area (CSA) and the area under curve of cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) were 0.781 and 0.469 respectively (P <0.05); (3) the areas under curve of the extending parameters bone strength indices (BSICSA) and CSMI bone strength indices ( BSICSMI) were 0. 913 and 0. 813 respectively (P < 0.05); (4) the area under curve (accuracy) of BSICSA, CSA and BMD were 0.905, 0.921 and 0.905 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions QCT has potential in distinguishing fracture union and nonunion models in measurement of local fracture pattern. The screening parameters with more accuracy are BSICSA, CSA, BMD, which have advantages of accuracy and specialty in assessing fracture healing.

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia and on GLUT-2, IRS-2 expression in the rat kidney .Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group ( control) , chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH), chronic intermittent hypoxia reoxygenation group (RH).The chronic intermittent hypoxia animal models were developed , arterial blood gas analysis was immediately carried out .Serum glucose was measured by peroxidase and serum insulin was detected by radioimmunoassay .After Removing the kidney tissue of rats ,protein expression of GLUT-2, IRS-2 were detected with Western blot and immunohistochemical , mRNA expression of GLUT-2,IRS-2 were observed by qPCR .Results Oximetry in the control group was ≥95%, oxygen saturation in the CIH group was ≤85%, oxygen saturation in the RH group was ≥86%; fasting blood glucose , serum insulin and insulin resistance index in the CIH group were significantly higher those of control group and RH group ( P<0.05);RH group was higher than control group (P<0.05).Protein and mRNA expression of GLUT-2, IRS-2 in the CIH group were higher than the control group and RH group ( P<0.05 ); RH group was higher than control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic intermittent hypoxia can increase blood glucose ,upregulate the expres-sion of GLUT-2 , IRS2 in the rat kidney and enhance insulin resistance and decrease insulin sensitivity .

Aim To investigate the immunoregulative action of polysacchrides of Spirulina platensis ( PSP ) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) in pa-tients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Meth-ods Proliferation and cycle of PBMCs from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were measured by MTT colorimetry and flow cytometry respectively. The concentration of IFN-γ, IL-2 , IL-4 in supernatants of PBMCs were examined by ELISA. The mRNA ex-pression of IFN-γin PBMCs from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection was detected by RT-PCR. Results PSP could induce proliferation of PBMCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In ad-dition, PSP could increase the protein expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 in supernatants of PBMCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and PSP could also enhance the mRNA expression of IFN-γof PBMCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. However, PSP inhibited the protein expression of IL-4 of PBMCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in-fection. Conclusion PSP can promote the immune function and plays an important immunoregulation function on patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in-fection.

Objective To establish the item pool of quality of life questionnaire of Chinese medicine for postoperative patients with colorectal cancer;To conduct preliminary item screening. Methods With the guidance of Chinese culture background and TCM theory, systematic retrospective studies on medical records, interviews, TCM syndrome entries, and entries from EORTC QLQ-CR38 were used, and theoretical structure was extracted to form the primary item pool. Item selection and entry were optimized through the investigation, and the item pool was established through expert consultation. Results Item pool was composed of 70 entries, and the pre-questionnaire scale was formed. Conclusion Extraction of item pool ensures the reliability and scientificity of soft index, also has the characteristics of Chinese medicine.

Objective To compare the differences of lifestyle factors between patients with functional constipation (FC)and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C).Methods From February 2011 to December 2014,255 patients with chronic constipation were enrolled.Among them,there were 170 FC patients and 85 IBS-C patients.At the same period,170 healthy volunteers without symptoms of digestive diseases within one year were recruited as control.The data of demographic information and lifestyle factors were collected.First,single variant analysis was performed for statistical analysis and then the statistically significant variants were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Then the factors of FC and IBS-C patients were analyzed by decision tree model and the effects of factors under different categories were analyzed.Results The results of single variant analysis indicated that there was no difference in lifestyle factors between FC group and IBS-C group (all P >0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that no independent protective or risk factors were found in IBS-C group compared with FC group.According to decision tree model analysis,body mass index (BMI),water intake per day and constipation family history were finally enrolled.The incidence of FC was higher in patients with BMI < 23.56 kg/m2 (except 18.74 to < 19.83 kg/m2 )(79.75 %).The incidence of FC was higher in patients with BMI from 18.74 to <19.83 kg/m2 and water intake <1 L
(66.67%).The incidence of FC was highest in patients with BMI≥23.56 kg/m2 and family history of constipation (70.00%).The total prediction accuracy of this model was 64.6% (42/65 )and area under curve (AUC)value was 0.688.Conclusions FC and IBS-C are related with many lifestyle factors.Low BMI and less water intake per day are influence factors of FC,while higher BMI and family history of constipation are influence factors of IBS-C.