Objective To study the absorption and transport mechanism of ursolic acid(UA) by using Caco-2 monolayer model.Methods Evaluating the transport characteristic through studying whether P-glycoprotein(P-gp) transporter inhibitor Verapamil(VER) exists or not by using Caco-2 cell monolayer as an intestinal epithelial cell model and investigating the effects of uptake time,drug concentration,system temperature,and pH value of culture media on the uptake of UA.The drug concentration was measured by HPLC coupled with UV detector.Transport parameters and apparent permeability coefficients (P_(app)) were then calculated.Results In the concentration range of 10—40?mol/L,the uptake of UA by Caco-2 cell all linearly increased.The P_(app) of UA transported on Caco-2 cell monolayer model significantly changed when the specificity inhibitory of P-gp was added to model and the apparent permeability ratio decreased from 3.445 to 1.386.Conclusion The intestinal absorption of UA is passive diffusion as the dominating process and active transportation mediated by P-gp transporter in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

Objective To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of massage combined with Astragalus and eucommia Decoction in the treatment of periarthritis of shoulder.Methods100 patients with periarthritis of shoulder treated in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2016 were selected.They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 50 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with massage, and the experimental group was treated with massage combined with astragalus root and Eucommia ulmoides decoction.The 2 groups were treated with 2 or two courses, the 1 course of treatment for 15 days.The treatment effect and relative shoulder index score of the experimental group and the control group were compared and analyzed.ResultsAfter the corresponding treatment, the effective number of patients in the experimental group was 48 cases.The effective rate of treatment was 96%.The number of effective cases in the control group was 44, and the effective rate was 88%.The effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the controlgroup, with statistical difference (P<0.05).After treatment, the shoulder function, activity and pain in the experimental group and the control group were significantly better than those before the treatment,The scores of shoulder functional performance index and shoulder pain index in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).ConclusionMassage combined with Huangqi Eucommia Decoction in the treatment of periarthritis of shoulder can improve the therapeutic effect to a great extent, reduce the pain of patients with shoulder joint, to help with the recovery of shoulder joint function, with further clinical promotion and application significance.

To construct a cDNA library of gerbil′s cochlea, the mRNA was separated from the cochlea of gerbil and the first strand cDNA was synthesized through reverse transcription by a modified oligo(dt) primer. The double strand cDNA was amplified by Ld pcR. After cDNA size fractionation , the ds cDNA was ligated in the ? TripIEx2 vector . The cDNA library was identified with special primers of prestin genes of cochlea by PCR .The results showed that the titer of library was 1.8?10 6 pfu and the percentage of recombinant clones was 80% . Prestin gene was contained in the library , the size of the fragment was 863bp . The results suggest that the established cDNA library has a high titer, recombinant percentage and large insert fragments of genes . The study lays the foundation of molecular biological study of the cochlea.

Objective To explore the absorption characteristics and mechanism of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated transport of oleanolicacid (OA)across membrane in vitro.Methods The intake and transport of OA were evaluated by an HPLC/MS quantitative detection method.Safe concentration range of OA was determined by MTT.The effect of different drug concentration,incubation time,pH and temperature on the intake of OA by Caco-2 cells were investigated.The effect of P-gp inhibitor on the transmembrane transport of OA was investigated by the Caco-2 cell monolayer model,and the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was calculated.Results The uptake of O A was concentration-time dependent and correlated negatively to temperaturein Caco-2 cells within the safe concentration range,but was not significantly affected by pH value.Compared with controls,the Papp significantly changed when the P-gp inhibitor was added to the model(P ＜ 0.05).The apparent permeability ratio decreased from 2.90 to 0.95.Conclusion The absorption of OA was primarily by passive diffusion and might be mediated by the effiux by P-gp.

Objective To investigate the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) in twin pregnancies and to analyze the impact of GWG on pregnant outcomes.Methods A retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies was conducted on women who gave birth in International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 1,2012 to the June 30,2015.An optimal range of GWG was calculated based on the amount of weight gain in 711 subjects who gave birth to normal twins and with uncomplicated pregnancy.Another 504 twin pregnant women without gestational complications were recruited for further analysis of the relationship between GWG and gestational outcomes.T-test,analysis of variance and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) The optimal range of GWG for full-term twin-pregnancy was 15.3-21.4 kg.In those with low body mass index (BMI,＜18.5),normal BMI (≥ 18.5-＜25.0) and overweight/obesity (≥ 25.0),the GWG [M(P25-P75)] were 18.5 (15.8-22.2),18.3 (15.3-21.3) and 18.1 (14.9-21.5) kg,respectively.There was no significant difference in GWG among those groups (F=0.121,P=0.886).(2) According to the optimal GWG mentioned above,we divided the 504 cases into three groups,including lower GWG group (less than the optimal GWG,n=137),normal GWG group (in the GWG range,n=238) and higher GWG group (more than the optimal GWG,n=129).The neonatal birth weights in the three groups were (2 626.1 ±225.8),(2 680.14-237.9) and (2 751.9±257.1) g (F=9.189,P＜0.01),respectively,indicating that neonatal birth weight was increased by increasing GWG.The proportion of both twins with birth weights of more than 2 500 g was slightly increased,but there was no significant difference among the three groups [51.1 ％ (70/137),60.5％ (144/238) and 64.3％ (83/129),respectively,x2=5.279,P=0.071].The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was reduced along with increased GWG [31.4％ (43/137),14.7％ (35/238) and 9.3％ (12/129),respectively,x2=25.144,P＜0.01],while the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP,including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) in the three groups showed no significant difference.There were 90 cases (17.8％) of GDM in the 504 cases with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 22.5±2.8,which was higher than that of the non-GDM cases (21.21±2.9),(t=3.735,P＜0.01).Among the 504 cases,there were 67 cases (13.3％) of HDP (including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 22.4±2.8,which was higher than that of the non-HDP patients (21.3 ± 2.9,t=2.767,P=0.006).Conclusions The pre-pregnancy BMI has little influence on GWG in twin pregnancies.Increasing GWG to the recommended optimal range or above,and within a certain range,could promote an increase in neonatal birth weight without adding the risks of gestational complications,such as gestational diabetes mellitus,gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of spontaneous otoacoustic emission in full-term newbo‐rns .Methods The Capella OAE equipment (Madsen ,Denmark) was used to test Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emission (SOAE) in 147 cases (236ears) who have passed the newborn hearing screening with TEOAE(Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions) .Results The SOAE incidence was 56 .77% (male 41 .51% ,female 69 .23% ;left ear 49 .14% ,right ear 64 .17% ) .It was significantly higher in females (P<0 .05) and in right ear (P<0 .05) .The av‐erage amplitude was 11 .78 ± 8 .36 dB SPL( 11 .73 ± 8 .25 dB in male ,11 .81 ± 8 .43 dB SPL in female;11 .97 ± 8 .56 dB SPL in the left ear ,11 .65 ± 8 .22 dB SPL in the right ear) .There were significant differences in genders(P<0 .01) .The frequency of SOAE focused on 3 .2~ 3 .7 kHz(2 .9~3 .4 kHz in males ,3 .4~3 .9 kHz in females ;3 .2~3 .7 kHz in the left ears ,3 .2~3 .6 kHz in the right ears) .There were significant differences in genders(P<0 .01) .The average peak of SOAE was 3 .70 ± 2 .75(3 .86 ± 2 .87 in males ,3 .62 ± 2 .70 in females;3 .70 ± 3 .02 in the left ears ,3 .70 ± 2 .55 in the right ears) .There were no significant differences in genders and laterality .Conclusion The characteristics of SOAE in full-term newborns include higher incidences ,multiple peaks and high frequency distribution .

Objective To investigate the mortality,hemodialysis duration and causes of death of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanxi province from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012.Methods The information data of Shanxi hemodialysis patients during 2010-2012 were exported from Chinese national renal data system.Mortality,hemodialysis duration and causes of death of maintenance hemodialysis patients were analyzed.Results Mortality of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanxi province in 2010 was 7.4％,and it was decreased to 6.4％ in 2011 and 6.8％ in 2012.Death patients with hemodialysis for less than 2 years accounted for 68.1％,and hemodialysis patients who could be maintained for more than 5 years only accounted for 8.1％.The main causes of mortality were sudden death (23.5％),cerebrovascular events (21.2％),heart failure(12.4％),myocardial infarction/ arrhythmia(6.5％),hemorrhagic disease(5.1％) and infection(4.9％).Conclusions Mortality of maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanxi province is 6.4％ to 7.4％.Cardiovascular and cerebral vascular events are the main causes of death.

0.05),but it in thin nasal feeding tube group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P