With a view to patterns of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery, whole breast irradiation(WBI) after surgery is controversial and partial-breast irradiation(PBI) came up. Many clinical trials related with accelerated partial-breast irradiation using a variety of radiotherapeutic techniques such as interstitial brachytherapy (IBT), MammoSite Radiation Therapy System, intraoperative radiotherapy(IORT), threedimensional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT)and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) in selected patients have been carried out. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation that provides faster, more convenient treat-ment demonstrates local control rate and safety comparable to that of whole breast irradiation. Partial breast irradiation may be an alternative way to whole breast radiotherapy and will be one of the standard treatments in women with early breast cancer seeking breast conservation.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).Both animal expodments and clinical sample analysis have shown that balance in expression and activation of MMP and inhibition by tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinase (TIMP)is critical for the development of stenotic change.This review article focuses on the role of MMP relevant to restenosis after vascular injury.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.021

Objective To explore the central mechanisms when induced by acupuncture at ST36 using different needling techniques with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Thirty-two healthy young volunteers were enrolled in the experiment. Eleven volunteers accepted acupuncture at ST36 using reinforcing techniques for electroacupuncture (EA), 11 accepted acupuncture using reducing techniques for EA, and the rest 10 accepted acupuncture at sham EA. The data of fMRI were collected and analyzed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM2) after real EA at ST36 or sham EA in right leg. Results Five minutes after acupuncture, fMRI data of reinforcing group demonstrated significant activation in the bilateral caudate nucleus, thalamus, left insula, cingulate gyrus, dentate body of cerebellum. From 20 to 30 minutes after acupuncture, fMRI data demonstrated significant activation of true acupuncture groups in the left thalamus, paracentral lobule, gyrus precentralis, middle temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, insula, bilateral caudate nucleus, hemisphaerium cerebelli, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus. The signal of the reinforcing group for EA was stronger than the reducing group for EA. Acupunture of the false point activated the paracentral lobe and the hemisphere of cerebellum only. Conclusion Stimulation of acupoint ST36 with acupuncture activated different parts of the autonomic nerve system, including imbic system, supplementary motor area, grey matter, etc. Reinforcing technique for EA is better than reducing technique at ST36.

Internal mammary nodes are part of the first stop of mammary gland lymphatic drainage.It plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of breast cancer.Whether irradiation internal mammary nodes or not is still a larger controversy.At present,for the early stage patients,the efficacy of internal mammary lymph node irradiation is not clear.For the patients with positive axillary lymph nodes,inboard or central quadrant lesions,postoperative radiotherapy of internal mammary nodes has a certain value.

This paper presents a novel tactile feedback device in biofeedback. With apparent motion of tactual sense applied, the device gives the patient the ability to perform biofeedback in tactile and visual ways, and thus makes the patient more relaxed than other cases. With various types of feedbacks, the device can be satisfying and effective.

AIM: To evaluate its pharmacodynamic effects of zhi-chuan-ling (ZCL) oral liquor, a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, on asthma. METHODS: Asthma models of guinea pigs were established by aerosol inhalation of mixed solution of histamine and acetylcholine for the observation of effects of ZCL on the latent period of asthma attack. Some other indices were also investigated including the contraction of smooth muscle strips isolated from the trachea or intestinum ileum, and variations of the tracheal volume and the bronchotracheal perfusion in guinea pigs. RESULTS: ZCL elongated the latent period of asthma attack induced by areol inhalation of mixed solution of histamine and acetylcholine, antagonized activities against the contraction of the trachea and intestinum ileum induced by histamine or acetlcholine, and increased the tracheal volume and the bronchotracheal perfusion in ginea pigs in vitro. CONCLUTION: ZCL can reduce airway hyperresponsibility, relax bronchospasm, remit ventilation disturbance, and improve ventilatory function by its biologic activities against acetlcholin and histamine.

AIM: To evaluate effects of rutecarpine on the movements of gastrointestinal tract in experimental animals. METHODS: In mice, the accelerated movement model of intestinal transit was induced by neostigmine, and metoclopramide or apoplon was applied to induce the accelerated gastric emptying movements. Acetylcholine or histamine was used to induce the contractions occurring in the isolated ileum from guinea pigs. RESULTS: Rutecarpine inhibited normal intestinal transit and demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine in mice; meto- clopramide and apoplon induced-accelerated gastric emptying movements were also significantly inhibited by rutecarpine in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile rutecarpine significantly inhibited the isolated ileum contractions induced by acetylcholine or histamine. CONCLUSION: Rutecarpine is an effective inhibitor to intestinal motility and this activity is probably mediated by its antagonistic effects on the cholinergic nerve or its responsible modulations.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Survivin gene and biological characteristics in human esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of Survivin gene was detected in 62 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical technique.Results The positive rate of Survivin expression in esophageal carcinomas was 79 0%,which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissues(6 5%,P0 05). The positive rate of Survivin expression in lymph node metastasis group (93 1%) was higher than that in the group without lymph node metastasis (66 7%,P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods The SGC-7901 cells were treated with MG-132, a specific inhibitor of UPP. The effect of MG-132 on cells DNA synthesis was assayed by 3 H-thymidine( 3H-TdR)incorporation. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After treated with MG-132, DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited, the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased, and the ratio of G 2/M phase and S phase cells decreased. Conclusions MG-132 can significantly inhibit DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and induce G 1 blocking. The data indicated that inhibiting UPP may be a new strategy to treat gastric cancer.