With a view to patterns of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery, whole breast irradiation(WBI) after surgery is controversial and partial-breast irradiation(PBI) came up. Many clinical trials related with accelerated partial-breast irradiation using a variety of radiotherapeutic techniques such as interstitial brachytherapy (IBT), MammoSite Radiation Therapy System, intraoperative radiotherapy(IORT), threedimensional conformal radiotherapy(3-DCRT)and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) in selected patients have been carried out. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation that provides faster, more convenient treat-ment demonstrates local control rate and safety comparable to that of whole breast irradiation. Partial breast irradiation may be an alternative way to whole breast radiotherapy and will be one of the standard treatments in women with early breast cancer seeking breast conservation.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).Both animal expodments and clinical sample analysis have shown that balance in expression and activation of MMP and inhibition by tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinase (TIMP)is critical for the development of stenotic change.This review article focuses on the role of MMP relevant to restenosis after vascular injury.

AIM: To evaluate effects of rutecarpine on the movements of gastrointestinal tract in experimental animals. METHODS: In mice, the accelerated movement model of intestinal transit was induced by neostigmine, and metoclopramide or apoplon was applied to induce the accelerated gastric emptying movements. Acetylcholine or histamine was used to induce the contractions occurring in the isolated ileum from guinea pigs. RESULTS: Rutecarpine inhibited normal intestinal transit and demonstrated more effective suppression on the accelerated movement induced by neostigmine in mice; meto- clopramide and apoplon induced-accelerated gastric emptying movements were also significantly inhibited by rutecarpine in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile rutecarpine significantly inhibited the isolated ileum contractions induced by acetylcholine or histamine. CONCLUSION: Rutecarpine is an effective inhibitor to intestinal motility and this activity is probably mediated by its antagonistic effects on the cholinergic nerve or its responsible modulations.

This paper presents a novel tactile feedback device in biofeedback. With apparent motion of tactual sense applied, the device gives the patient the ability to perform biofeedback in tactile and visual ways, and thus makes the patient more relaxed than other cases. With various types of feedbacks, the device can be satisfying and effective.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood.Radiation therapy has been integrated into the primary treatment of most patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, but which in turn potentially induces severe acute and late toxicities.Proton therapy in recent years has been more and more used in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma, which is safe and effective, with no serious adverse events.Compared with conventional photon therapy, proton therapy has distinct physical advantages and enables greater precision in the delivery of tumoricidal radiation doses with reduced irradiation of normal tissues, and improves quality of life for patients.Additional follow-up and prospectively studies are needed to determine whether proton therapy truly reduces the incidence and severity of late effects in comparison to patients treated with modern photon techniques.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Survivin gene and biological characteristics in human esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of Survivin gene was detected in 62 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical technique.Results The positive rate of Survivin expression in esophageal carcinomas was 79 0%,which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissues(6 5%,P0 05). The positive rate of Survivin expression in lymph node metastasis group (93 1%) was higher than that in the group without lymph node metastasis (66 7%,P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods The SGC-7901 cells were treated with MG-132, a specific inhibitor of UPP. The effect of MG-132 on cells DNA synthesis was assayed by 3 H-thymidine( 3H-TdR)incorporation. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After treated with MG-132, DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited, the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased, and the ratio of G 2/M phase and S phase cells decreased. Conclusions MG-132 can significantly inhibit DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and induce G 1 blocking. The data indicated that inhibiting UPP may be a new strategy to treat gastric cancer.

To study the expression of both Fos and HSP70 proteins in the early stage of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) in rats with immunohistochemistry in order to search the objective morphologic evidence for the forensic pathological diagnosis.I/R rat model was established by ligation of the anterior branch of the left coronary artery.All animals were divided into 7 groups.Tissues were cut and stained immunohistochemistry with the corresponding anti Fos and anti HSP70 sera as the first antibodies.There was no expression of both Fos and HSP70 proteins in control group.The expression of HSP70 protein began to increase in myocytes 1h after I/R in the ischemic areas and increased gradually wtih the prolongation of ischemia,while it began to express 2h after I/R in the non ischemic areas.Fos protein began to express 0 5h after I/R in the ischemic areas,1h in the non ischemic areas.The expressions of both HSP70 and Fos proteins in the non ischemic areas were weaker than those in the ischemic areas.Meanwhile,the expression of HSP70 and Fos proteins appears firstly in the inner layer of myocardium and extended gradually toward the outer layer.The expression of Fos protein mainly located in the inner layer of myocardium 0 5h after I/R and then extened to the whole layer of myocardium 1h after I/R.The expression of Fos protein in outer layer was stronger than that in inner layer at 4h after I/R.The expression of HSP70 protein located mainly in the inner layer of the myocardium at 1h and 2h after I/R,and then extended to the whole layer of the myocardium at 4h and 6h after I/R.The results indicated that the I/R induced the expression of both HSP70 and Fos proteins in the early stages of myocardial ischemia.The location and the intersity of the immunoreactivity of these two proteins changed at the different stages after I/R.These changes observed in the present study might be useful for the forensic pathological diagnosis of the early myocardial ischemia.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.021

Internal mammary nodes are part of the first stop of mammary gland lymphatic drainage.It plays an important role in the process of occurrence and development of breast cancer.Whether irradiation internal mammary nodes or not is still a larger controversy.At present,for the early stage patients,the efficacy of internal mammary lymph node irradiation is not clear.For the patients with positive axillary lymph nodes,inboard or central quadrant lesions,postoperative radiotherapy of internal mammary nodes has a certain value.