With the progress of technology in separation and identification, proteomics is now widely applied in biomedicine.Because of the powerful ability to research differential protein expression and posttranslational modifications between normal and pathological samples on large scale level, proteomics provides the possibilities to screen biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy or prognosis of diseases.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy combined materials drawn in multiply methods in patients with bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The clinical data of 74 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients had sputum acid-fast staining more than three times,25 patients were sputum bacteriological positive and 49 patients were bacteriological negative or had no sputum.Bronchoscopy was performd in 28 cases,including biopsy examining,brush examining,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) smear and sputum spear acid-fast stain test.Results In 28 patients undergoing examination,microscopic abnormalities were found in 14 cases,taken 50.0％.15 cases performed lesion biopsy or transbronchiallung biopsy(TBLB) were diagnosed tuberculosis,taken 53.6％.Brush acid-fast staining was positive in 7 cases,taken 25.0％.BALF smear postive in 10 cases,taken 35.7％.And phlegm test after bronchoscope positive in 6 cases,taken 21.4％.Combined multiply index,23 cases finally diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis,taken 82.1％.Conclusion Bronchoscopy with materials drawn in multiply methods has a high value in diagnosing bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis,we should take advantage of it as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the application value of the detection of vitamin B12 (VitB12 ) ,folic acid (FA) and four iron met-abolic indexes including serum ferritin (SF) ,transferring (TF) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum iron (SI) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of anemia .Methods 126 patients with anemia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from Janu-ary to May 2013 and determined serum VitB12 ,FA ,SF ,TF ,TIBC and SI levels for conducting the comparison with each other . Meanwhile ,the patients with anemia were extracted bone marrow to carry out ferric stain and morphological test ,their detection re-sults and the results of above-mentioned serological markers determination were performed the comparison of the diagnostic accord-ance rate .Results The serum levels of various iron metabolism-related indexes had significant differences between the anemia group and the healthy control group (P<0 .05) ,and various different kinds of anemia had their comparatively specific serological characteristics .In 126 cases of anemia ,the diagnostic accordance rate of the bone marrow examination was 82 .5% ,which was sig-nificant higher than that of the serological examination(69 .8% )(χ2 =5 .600 ,P=0 .018);nevertheless ,in 23 cases anemia unable to determine the diagnosis by bone marrow examination ,the diagnostic accordance rate of the serological examination was 82 .6% (19/23);the inconsistent rate of the two examinations was 25 .4% (32/126) .Conclusion The bone marrow examination and the sero-logical examination have different emphasis points for the anemia diagnosis and have their own advantages ,which cannot replace each other .Their combination use has certain clinical value in the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with anemia of chronic disease complicated with iron deficiency (ACD/ID) ,myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) ,megaloblastic anemia (M A ) and mixed cellular anemia .

Objective Glucocorticoid hormone may nongenomically affect cell functions in addition to its classic effects on gene expression. The purpose of present study was to explore whether dexamethasone, a synthetical glucocorticoid hormone, has a rapid nongenomic effect on ATP-induced currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the related signal transduction pathway. Methods The effects of dexamethasone on ATP-induced currents were studied on cultured DRG neurons using patch clamp technique. Results Three types of currents (transient, sustained and biphasic) were evoked by ATP (100 ?mol/L) in cultured DRG neurons. When DRG neurons were pretreated with dexamethasone (0.01-10?mol/L) for 30s, inhibition of the transient current and the transient component of the biphasic current evoked by ATP in DRG neurons was observed. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was dose-dependent. However, dexamethasone did not seem to affect the sustained current and the sustained component of the biphasic current induced by ATP. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on ATP-induced currents was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 (10?mol/L) and protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (10?mol/L), but not by G protein inhibitor GDP-?-S (0.2mmol/L) and protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (10?mol/L). Conclusions Dexamethasone can selectively inhibit the transient current mediated by P2X3 receptors in DRG neurons. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone might be mediated by glucocorticoid receptor through activating PKA signal pathway. These results suggest that glucocorticoid hormone might participate in the control of pain by modulating the actions of extracellular ATP in sensory neurons.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury.MethodsHippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats ( ＜ 48 h) were cultured for 7 days in vitro.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 wells in each group:control group (group C),OGD (group D),OGD + hemin (HO-1 inducer) group (group D + H ) and OGD + hemin + zinc protoporphyrin ( HO-1 inhibitor) group ( group D + H + T).For OGD experiments,cultures were washed three times in a glucose-free balanced salt solution (BSS).They were then placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95％ N2-5％ CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37°C and 100％ humidity for 45 min.OGD was terminated by replacement of stored medium and by returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37 ℃ in 95％ air-5％ CO2.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L and zinc protoporphyrin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H + T.After 24 h of culture,the neuronal viability,apoptosis rate,and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein,and CDK5,ATM and P53 protein were detected.ResultsCompared with group C,the expression of HO-1 mRNA,and HO-1,CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D (P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was down-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate was significanlly decreased in group D + H ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D + H,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D + H + T ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionHO-1 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis through blocking CDK5-ATM-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to OGD injury.

BACKGROUND:The preparation of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been clinical y used in the repair of ocular surface trauma. However, the concentration of these growth factors that achieve the maximal healing effect and the comparison of two kinds of growth factors on promoting wound healing are stil controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of rhEGF and bFGF on the cloning of human corneal epithelial cells.
METHODS:The human corneal epithelial cells cultured in vitro were interfered with rhEGF and bFGF under different concentrations. The proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells was detected using MTT assay after 3, 5, 7 days of growth factors treatment. Plate clone formation assay was applied to observe the morphology of cellclone and analyze clone formation rate of human corneal epithelial cells.
RESULTS and CONCLUSION:MTT value shows that 10μg/L rhEGF and 10μg/L bFGF on day 5 were the most powerful concentration. The clone formation rate of human corneal epithelial cells after treated with 10μg/L rhEGF was higher than that with 10μg/L bFGF (P=0.02). The results confirmed that both rhEGF and bFGF could promote the proliferation and increase clone formation ability of human corneal epithelial cells. 10μg/L rhEGF for 5 days achieves the best effect on promoting clone formation of human corneal epithelium cells.

Objective To investigate the significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) in ovarian endometriosis (OEms).Methods MIF of ectopic endometriumeutopic endometrium in OEms and endometrium in non-endometriosis (30 cases in every group ) was detected by Elivision TM plus immunohistochemical.Quantitative images analytical system was performed with computer to analyze the mean absorbance(A) of MIF.Results The A of MIF in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of OEms and the normal control was respectively ( 0.180 ± 0.013 ),( 0.158 ± 0.022 ) and ( 0.143 ± 0.029 ),there was statistical significance between groups ( F =47.676,P ＜ 0.001 ).The expression of MIF in proliferative phase of eutopic endometrium of OEms was(0.157 ±0.018),extremely stronger than that in the same phase of the normal control (0.146 ± 0.029 ) ( t =2.656,P =0.009 ) ; and MIF in secretory phase of eutopic endometrium of OEms was (0.160±0.028),obviously higher than that in the same phase of the normal control(0.137 ±0.030) (t =3.059,P =0.003).Conclusion The MIF may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and development of ovarian endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-like apoptosis weak inducer (TWEAK) level in body fluids of lupus nephritis (LN) patients..Methods Levels of NGAL,MCP-1 and TWEAK in the serum and urine of 51 patients with SLE,including 27 LN cases and 24 non-LN cases,were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the clinical data were collected.Student's t test,Mann-Whitney U test,Pearson's correlations and Spearman's rank correlations were used for statistical analysis.Results (①) The level of serum NGAL in the LN group (122±70) ng/ml was higher than that in the non-LN group (56 ± 34) ng/ml (P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation (r=0.408,0.431,0.339,0.403 and 0.585,P＜0.05) between the serum NGAL and general SLEDAI score,extra-renal SLEDAI score,renal SLEDAI score,the levels of 24-hour urine protein and serum creatinine.There was a negative correlation (r=-0.396,P＜0.01) between the serum NGAL and serum C3 level.There was a positive correlation (r=0.719,P＜0.01) between urinary NGAL levels and chronic index (CI).② The level of serum MCP-1 in the LN group (284 ± 113) pg/ml was higher than that in the non-LN group (173± 69) pg/ml,(P＜0.01).The level of urinary MCP-1 in the LN group (M=1154,P75 41 178,P25 341) pg/mg creatinine was higher than that in the non-LN group (M=456,P75 714,P~ 114) pg/mg creatinine (P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation (r=0.340,0.416,0.385,0.574 and 0.654,P＜0.05) between the serum MCP-1 level and the overall SLEDAI score,extra-renal SLEDAI score,renal SLEDAI score,24-hour urinary protein excretion level and serum creatinine levels.There was a negative correlation (r=-0.458,P＜0.01) between the serum MCP-1 level and serum C3 levels.There was a positive correlation (rs=0.448,0.429,0.459,0.412,0.375 and 0.419,P＜0.05) between urinary MCP-1 level and total SLEDAI score,extra-renal SLEDAI score,renal SLEDAI score,serum ds-DNA antibodies,24-hour urinary protein excretion level and serum creatinine levels.There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.689,P＜0.01) between urinary MCP-1 levels and CI.(③) TWEAK was detected in the urine of 6 cases of LN.Conclusion The urinary NGAL and MCP-1 levels are elevated in patients with chronic damage,which suggestes chronic renal injury.It can be used to monitor the LN disease activity.The blood levels of NGAL and urine MCP-1 are significantly higher in LN.The clinical significance of TWEAK needs further study.

Objective To investigate the significance of hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) expression in ovarian endometriosis (Oems). Methods Elivision Tm plus Immunohistochemical and Stereology methods were used to detect HIF-1 expression in 30 cases of ectopic endometrium, 30 cases of eutopic endometrium in ovarian endometriosis and 30 cases of endometrium in ovarian teratoma as the normal control. Quantitative images analysis was performed with the aid of computer to collect and analyze the mean optical density (MOD) of HIF-1 expression. Results The MOD values of HIF-1 in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of Oems and the normal control were 0. 077 ± 0. 014, 0. 070 ± 0. 013 and 0. 061 ± 0. 007 respectively, which showed significantly differences between each other groups(F = 37. 738, P ＜ 0. 01 ＝. HIF-1 expression in proliferative phase (0.076 ±0.007) of eutopic endometrium of Oems was significantly higher than that in secretary phase (0. 059 ±0. 014) (t = 6. 918 ,P ＜0. 01 ＝; which was also significantly higher than that of the normal control in the same phase (0.060±0.007) (t=-12.724,P ＜0.01 ＝.Conclusion HIF-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of Oems.

Objective To study the clinical and the epidemiological features of hospitalized children with influenza virus infection. Methods Two hundred and fifty-three inpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection from 1999 to 2008 were reviewed for analyzing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Type A and B influenza viruses in the nasopharyngeal aspirates were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Mann-Whitney U test were performed for comparing the median age and the length of hospitalization. Chi-square test was performed for comparing the proportion of patients with fever and cough. Results Among 253 hospitalized children aged between 5 days and 127 months, 182 (71.9%) were boys and 71 (28. 1%) were girls. The median age was 18 months. Fifty-three cases were infants younger than 6 months. 95 cases were children aged between 6 months and 2 years, 85 cases were aged between 2 years and 5 years and 20 cases were older than 5 years. The diagnosis of influenza-related admission included pneumonia (190 cases), bronchitis (49 cases) and upper respiratory tract infection (14 cases). Eleven cases developed febrile convulsion, 6 cases had acute exacerbation of asthma and 3 cases had concomitant viralencephalitis. Twenty-nine cases had basic diseases. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Two hundred and thirty-eight cases presenting cough and 209 case presenting fever. Sixty-seven percent (140/209) had high fever with body temperature higher than 39 ℃. The average duration of fever was (5. 0 ±2. 9) days. Fever and cough were both more common in children older than6 months (X2 = 22. 895,P<0. 01; X2 = 16. 992,P<0. 01, respectively). Febrile convulsion occurred in children older than 2 years. Fifteen point five (39/251) developed leukocytopenia. Conclusions Children younger than 5 years old are at high risk of influenza-related hospitalization. We should emphasize influenza vaccination in previously healthy children aged between 6 months and 5 years and children with underlying diseases.