OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Heishun tablets combined with Rheum palmatum on the pharmacokinetics of hypaconitine in rats. METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into single drug group(Heishun tablets decoction)and drug combi-nation group(Heishun tablets-R. palmatum mixture decoction),with 18 rats in each group. They were given relevant drugs intragas-trically,by 10 g(medicinal materials)/kg of Heishun tablets. 0.3 ml blood samples were collected before(0 h)and 0.083,0.167, 0.333,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,3,4,6,8,10 h after medication with 6 rats at each time point,respectively. The blood concentra-tion of hypaconitine was determined by HPLC-MS using palmatine hydrochloride as internal standard. DAS 2.0.1 software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS:The linear range of hypaconitine was 0.102 4-100 ng/ml (r=0.998 7),and the limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters of single drug group vs. drug combination group were as follows as tmax of (0.50 ± 0.086) h vs. (0.75 ± 0.132)h;t1/2 of (9.967 ± 1.123) h vs. (3.708 ± 0.507) h;AUC0-10 h of (26.087 ± 0.672) μg·h/L vs.(6.516 ± 1.135) μg·h/L;cmax of (6.124 ± 2.312) μg/L vs. (1.592 ± 0.051) μg/L. Compared with single drug group,t1/2,AUC0-10 h and cmax of hypaconitine were decreased in drug combination group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:R. palmatum can inhibit the absorption of hypaconitine in rats,and speed up the elimination of it in rats.

Objective To discuss the barriers influencing the application of evidence-based nursing. Methods Nine hundred nurses from August 2013 to February 2014 were selected from five polyclinics in Shenzhen by randomly cluster sampling according to different departments and wards. We carried out the survey with the Chinese version of cognitive of impairment of nursing scientific research scale. Results The sores of 4 dimesions of scientific application of evidence-based nursing from high to low were effectiveness and system of research, resource to evidence-based nursing, quality of research and attitude and ability of nursing staff. The main barriers in applying scientific research payoffs by the nursing staff included the deficient resource and equipment provided by hospitals (68.09%), the jumbled medical development information confused the nurses in selecting related reference (66.75%), failing to put the scientific achievements into practice (66.01%),insufficient time to actualize new ideas (64.15%), and difficulty in obtaining the reference of scientific research (64.04%). Conclusion The barriers to scientrfic application of evidence-based nursing were the deficient resource and time and difficulties to find evidence. The nursing policy makers should adopt efficient measures aimed at the difficulties the nursing staff in applying their research results, thereby popularize the application of research achievements in hospitals.

After a description of the emergency and development of subject librarian system, the subject librarian system in universities of USA and China was comparatively analyzed in aspects ofits management mechanisms , litera-cy of subject librarians and their duties.The problems in relation to subject service in domestic academic libraries were pointed out with suggestions put forward for their solution in order to further perfect the subject librarian system in domestic academic libraries.

Many snake venoms contain complex mixtures of pharmacologically important molecules, some of which show potential therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer and other human disorders. In this review, we mainly reports the effects of snake venom active components, such as disintegrins and lectins in paralyzing cancer cells, blocking on cell migration, interaction with integrins, inhibition of tumor dissemination and angiogenesis. The advanced researches on the snake venom's apoptosis-inducing components on tumors are also introduced. [

Objective To explore the effect of band power and wavelet packet entropy in the recognition of hand imagery.Methods The data gained from brain computer interface competition in 2003 provided by Graz University of Technology.The electroencephalogram(EEG)signals between 8～16 Hz were decomposed by db3 wavelet packet at three levels.The band power(BP)and wavelet packet entropy(WPE)of C3 and C4 were calculated respectively.The BP and WPE were defined as the feature vector.The left and right hand motor imaginary tasks were distinguished.Results The proposed method was applied to the test data set with 140 trails.The satisfactory results were obtained with the highest classification accuracy 87.14%.Conclusion The band power and wavelet packet entropy of EEG changed with time is coincident with event-related desynchronization and event-related synchronization.It can be used to recognize the left and right band motor imaginary tasks.

Objective To explore job satisfaction degrees and the influencing factors among community nurses. Method General information questionnaire and the revised job satisfaction questionnaire were adopted in the investigation among 124 nurses from 28 community health service centers in Nanchong City between February to October 2016. Results The total score was (119.62 ± 15.37), at the moderate to high level. Of the eight dimensions, relationship with colleagues was scored the highest, and personal growth was the lowest. The influencing factors of the nurse's job satisfaction were found to be employment type, work positions, service duration in the community and whether they have been trained on community nursing position (all P<0.05). Conclusions The job satisfaction degree of community nurses is generally at middle level. Therefore, measures should be taken to improve the job satisfaction for the development of community nursing services.

Objective To explore the clinical features of protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB)and provide clinical data for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of children with PBB who were admitted to the Respiratory Department of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively collected,including the total information,clinical feature,auxiliary tests and treatment data.One year follow-ups were carried out to record cough relapse.Results In 30 patients with PBB,the ratio of boy and girl was 18:12,the median age were 14.5 (7-49.5) months,and the median duration of cough was 9.7 (5.7-17.1) weeks.All children had chronic wet cough,in which 22/30 (73.3％)had wheezing reported by their parents,and 14/30 cases (46.7％) had wheezing observed by doctors.Chest X ray showed increased and thickened of lung texture in 9/30 cases (30.0％);chest CT showed uneven inflation in 8/28 cases (28.6％),and 2 patients had suspected bronchiectasis.Sinusitis and allergic rhinitis were seen in 16/30 cases (53.3％) who underwent nasal endoscopy.Bronchoscopy showed a chronic bronchitis accompanied with superior secretions in all patients,in which 11/30 cases (36.7％)showed a purulent bronchitis,5/30 cases(16.7％) had tracheobronchial stenosis,and 3/30 cases (10.0％) had tracheomalacia.The major pathogens identified by bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were Streptococcus pneumoniae (12 cases),Haemophilus parainfluenzae (10 cases) and Moraxella catarrhalis (7 cases).All PBB patients had cough remission after (10.0 ± 2.5) days of intravenous antibiotics followed by oral antibiotics therapy.Two out of twenty-three cases (8.7％) had a recurrent PBB,and 1 patient developed into irreversible bronchiectasis by 1 year follow-up with the missing follow-up rate of 23.3 ％.Conclusions Children with PBB are typically younger (≤ 3 years) with prolonged wet cough and wheezing,and some cases are accompanied with sinusitis and allergic rhinitis.Bronchoscopy can detect chronic bronchitis with superior secretions,which is often be purulent with respiratory malformation in elderly children.An appropriate therapy with antibiotics is effective,but some patients may will experience recurrent PBB,which might even progress into bronchiectasis.

Objective To study epidemiological characteristics of thelazjasis, in Zunyi and surrounding areas, morphology and 18S rRNA gene sequence of Thelazia callipaeda. Methods The Thelazia callipaeda was collected from several hospitals, including affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College and Zunyi Aerospace Hospital, in Zunyi region since 2011 to 2015. Clinical data of infected human thelaziasis, including the patients' gender, age, residence and pets such as cats or dogs, were analyzed to find out the factors influencing the incidence. Morphology characteristics of female and male Thelazia callipaeda were observed under microscope. 18S rRNA gene of Zunyi Thelazia callipaeda was amplified by PCR, and the evolutional relationship was analyzed through the software MEGA 7.01 based on neighbour-joining (NJ) method. Homology was campared with 18S rRNA gene from GenBank in National Center of Biotechnology. Results Totally 25 cases had been reported during the study, of which 22 cases had more details. Based on the cases, we found the thelaziasis was increasing year by year. For instance, 2 cases (9.1%) were reported in 2011, 1 case (4.5%) in 2012, 3 cases in 2013 (13.6%), 10 cases (45.5%) in 2014 and 6 cases (27.3%) in 2015 . During the five years , totally 15 cases were treated between August and November, when the human thelaziasis was in typical epidemic peaks. We analyzed characteristics of the total cases reported to date. Most of the cases occurred in rural areas (20 cases). Majority of patients lived in rural region. And most cases were between 30 to 60 years old, indicating no age limit, especially, there were two cases who were at the ages of 8.5 months and 77 years old, respectively. Moreover, more women suffered from the disease than that in men, of which, the case number was 16 in women and 6 in men, and there were 7 cases who had cats or dogs at home. Under light microscope, the edge of Thelazia callipaeda had serrated cuticle with transverse striations. And male worm had a sharp peak at the tail end of Thelazia callipaeda, which cured to the ventrite and had two copulatory spicules, long one and short one, respectively. While female worm had a blunt tail, containing numerous eggs and rounded first-stage larvaes in a single line in the distal area of the uterus, near the vulva. Sequences of Thelazia callipaeda 18S rRNA gene from Zunyi and Oita Japan (AB538282.1) were showed homology of 100%, and they were clustered in a same branch of Phylogenetic tree. Conclusions Human thelaziasis cases in Zunyi region are increasing each year, and most of the cases have occurred in rural areas. 18S rRNA gene has a high homology with sequence AB538282.1 in Thelazia callipaeda. Combining clinical data, analysis of epidemiological characteristics and the characteristics of 18S rRNA should be good for specie identification and epidemiological analysis.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of recurrent common bile duct (CBD) stones after treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods A total of 802 patients with CBD stone and with complete follow-up data were recruited to the study, among which 297 patients were accompanied with gallstone, 222 patients having undergone cholecystectomy before ERCP and 283 having no gallstones. The CBD stone recurrent frequency and the possible risk factors were calculated with uni- and multi-variate logistic regression analysis. Results The patients were followed up at a mean duration of 84. 8 months, and CBD stone re-occurred in 92 (11.5%). Both uni- and multivariate analysis showed gallstones, CBD larger than 1.5 cm, endoscopic mechanical lithotrity (EML) and angle of bile duct less than 120° were risk factors of recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed cholesterol stones, cholangeal stricture or sphincter of Oddis dysfunction (SOD) were all risk factors for reccurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that history of cholecystectomy or Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy, stones larger than 1.5 cm and multiple stones were risk factors of recurrence. Conclusion For those with CBD stones undergoing ERCP, gallstone,common bile larger than 1. 5cm, EML and the angle of CBD less than 120° are major risk factors of recurrence. History of cholecystectomy and Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy, SOD, large CBD stone ( ≥1.5 cm), cholesterol stone and multiple stones are also associating risk factors.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the compatible stability of Voriconazole for injection after mixed with Fructose injec-tion or Invert sugar injection. METHODS:Referring to package inserts,Voriconazole for injection 200 mg was dissolved with Wa-ter for injection to 20 mL,and then combined with Fructose injection 250 mL and Invert sugar injection 250 mL,respectively. At room temperature,the appearance of mixtures were observed 0,1,2,3,4,5 h after mixing,and pH value and the number of in-soluble particles were determined;the content of voriconazole was determined by HPLC. RESULTS:Under above condition,the appearance and pH value of mixtures had no significant change within 5 h;the number of particles ≥10 μm and ≥25 μm were all in line with the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition);the relative content of voriconazole was decreasing (95.28%-100%),but it changed within ±5%(RSD<2%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:Voriconazole for injection could keep stable within 5 h after mixed with Fructose injection or Invert sugar injection.