Objective To investigate the effects of Par-4 gene silence on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Method The alveolar epithelial cells A549 were cultured and exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The siRNA sequences targeted Par-4 gene was chemically synthesized and transfected to A549 cells with or without the exposure of hydrogen peroxide. The cells were divided into normal control groups, hydrogen peroxide-treated group(The cells were treated with 0. 1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide), hydrogen peroxide and Par-4-siRNA-treated group(The cells were treated with 0. 1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide after transfection of Par-4-siRNA), Non-specific DNA sequence transfection control group. The apoptosis of A549 cells was quantified by flow cytometry. The expression of Smac protein was detected by Western blot.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was applied for evaluating the change of E2F1 DNA binding activity. Relative activity of Caspase-3 was detected by clolorimetric assay. Results The percent of apoptotic cells in hydrogen peroxide and Par-4-siRNA-treated group was (29.7 ± 2.3) %, which was significantly lower than that of hydrogen peroxide-treated group [(54.2 ± 4.1)%, q= 8.91, P ＜ 0.01)]. Par-4 siRNA could significantly suppress the increase of Smac protein, E2F1 DNA binding activity and caspase-3 activity induced by hydrogen peroxide in A549 cells. Conclusions Par-4 gene silence induced by siRNA might inhibit the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which might be resulted from suppression of the up-regulation of Smac gene expression, E2F1 DNA binding activity and caspase-3 activity.

Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are isomeric triterpenic acids and only one methyl's position is different between them.OA and UA always exist in the same plant,so it is difficult to separate them when determining contents by RP-HPLC.In this study,a very simple mobile phase for HPLC was developed to simultaneously determine UA and OA,and the factors affecting separation were also discussed.The mobile phase is methanol:water (95∶5) with flow rate 0.4mL/min.The retention time for OA and UA was 20.58 and 21.57 min,respectively,the resolution was 1.61.The average contents of OA and UA of three Loquat leaves sets were 1.4 mg/g and 5.6 mg/g,respectively.Regarding the HPLC,we found that changing mobile phase,adjusting the pH value or adding ion-pairing agent could not affect the separation between UA and OA greatly.While adjustment of the flow rate and column temperature could improve the resolution greatly.

BACKGROUND: More and more researches prove that cell apoptosis could be induced by glutamine, also there are more researches on studying the indirect and direct nervous-protective effects of insulin, but the nervous-protective effects of insulin on impairment induced by glutamine, as well as its mechanism still need further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nervous-protective effects of insulin on impairment induced by glutamine in PC12 cells, and to explore its molecular mechanism.DESIGN: A prospective controlled study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital; Department of Neurology of Sun Yat-wen University Hospital.MATERIALS: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital and the Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2002 to March 2003. PC12 cells were purchased from the same animal center.METHODS: Traumatic models were made in PC 12 cells by treated with 0.5 mmol/L glutamine for 20 minutes, and the insulin of different concentration were used for protection, after 24 hours, protective effects of insulin were assessed with MTT method, Hoechst33258 fluorescence staining, DNA agar gelatin electrophoresis, meanwhile the expression of PKB/Akt protein were also detected./Akt protein in experimental group.RESULTS: The A value of50 mU/L, 100 mU/L, 200 mU/L, 400 mU/L insulin groups were 0. 214 ±0. 062, 0. 234 ±0. 067, 0. 260 ±0. 076 and 0. 265 ± 0. 069, respectively, but the value of single glutamine group was 0. 201 ± 0. 079, statistical analysis indicated that compared with single glutamine group, there were no significant difference in 50 mU/L, 100 mU/L insulin groups( P > 0.05), but 200 mU/L, 400 mU/L insulin groups were found statistically different from single glutamine group(t=-2.398,-2. 716, P < 0.05); "DNA Ladder" could not be observed in 400 mU/L insulin group by electrophoresis;It was proved that Insulin could enhance the expression of PKB/Akt protein.CONCLUSION: Insulin has nervous-protective effects on impairment induced by glutamine in PC12 cells, furthermore it also has property of anti-apoptosis, and its protective mechanism might be associated with enhancement of the expression of PKB/Akt protein.

Objective To explore the method and effect of checklist tool implemented in the safety management of clinical blood transfusion in intensive care unit. Methods A checklist was specially designed according to the technical standard and check system of clinical blood transfusion. 379 patients prescribed a blood transfusion enrolled in ICU from January to May 2013 were conducted as the control group before the checklist was designed. After the application of checklist during the blood transfusion process, 846 patients prescribed a blood transfusion enrolled in ICU from June to December 2013 were conducted as the experimental group. The incidence of blood transfusion safety related adverse events between the two groups was compared. Results The incidence of adverse events was 1.32% (5 of 379 patients) in the control group, and there was no sign of adverse events occurred in the experimental group. The difference had statistical significance (χ2=11.21, P<0.05). Conclusion The application of checklist reduced the incidence of blood transfusion safety related adverse events,and effectively improved the quality of nursing safety and patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the protection of Liuwei Dihuang Jiawei Capsula(LDJ Capsula,Rehmanniae Capsula of Six Ingredients) on diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats′ kidney and effect on renal protein kinase C(PKC) activity and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) of DN rats.Methods The DN rat models were induced by ip injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group; DN model group;Lotensin group;LDJ Capsula group;and Lotensis and LDJ Capsula combination group.Drug intervention term was 12 weeks.Renal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope and Masson staining.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of the 24 hour urine protein,renal PKC activity,and CTGF expression in renal cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results Deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats was conspicuous.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of 24 h urine protein,renal PKC activity and CTGF expression of DN rats increased obviously.All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression and ameliorate proteinuria and renal function of DN rats.At the same time they all could abate the deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats.Combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression more ob-viously and at the same time had more notable protective effect on kidney of DN rats.Conclusion All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could protect kidney of DN rats.The combination of these two drugs has more obviously protective effect than using Lotensin only.

Objective To investigate the application of quality control cycle activity in reducing thedisquali-fication rate of bowel preparation for colonoscopy outpatients.Methods Set up a group of quality control circle,and select the issues that reducing the disqualification rate of bowel preparation for colonoscopy outpatients as the activity theme.According to the activity steps of quality control circle,the activity was carried out.The causes of disqualifica-tion rate of bowel preparation were analyzed and the countermeasures to improve and implement were implemented. Also,the disqualification rates of bowel preparation before and after quality control circle were compared.Results The disqualification rate of bowel preparation was reduced from 39.09% to 14.03% after quality control circle activi-ty.The difference was statistically significant(χ2 =53.65,P <0.01).Target success rate was 104.42%,and the pro-gress rate was 64.11%.Conclusion The quality control circle activity can effectively reduce the disqualification rate of bowel preparation for colonoscopy outpatients,thereby improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment,and reduce the economic burden of patients.After clear improvement of focus,the leading causes of disqualification bowel prepa-ration are obtained through characteristic diagram (figure 2)analysis.Also,true causes are validated based on the three principles.The four true causes final defined include short contact time nurses and patients,large liquid dosage, none nursing intervention outside hospital,and chronic constipation without intervention.

Objective To evaluate the possibility and efficiency of early lung cancer screening using low-dose spiral CT,and to investigate the effects of prognosis of lung cancer. Methods 3005 routine chests check-up were carried on the low-dose prospect research of the SHIMADZU 7800 TX spiral CT. According to the result by tracing and long-term CT follow-up based on the baseline screening, biopsy or surgical excisions were recommended in "malignant change" or enlarged nodules. Two doctors separately interpreted all the images blindly.Results 29.9 rate of nodules in all of cases were detected. Smoking group was 1.3 times incidence of non-smoking. A whole incidence of lung cancer was 1.2, including 2.9 in people at high risk of lung cancer and 0.9 in common people. The sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer screening using low-dose spiral CT were 82.9 and 88.8 respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer screening in diameter of nodules less than 10 mm was high than in ones more than 10 mm. Histologically, 33 non-small cell lung cancers (19 stageⅠ, 10 stageⅡand 4 stageⅢ), 2 small cell lung cancers and 1 scar carcinoma were proved based on baseline screening by biopsy or surgery. By the end of 2007, the average survival for clinical stageⅠlung cancer was more than 4 years, clinical stageⅡwas 2～3 years and clinical stageⅢ was 1～2 years. Conclusion Low-dose spiral CT is of high sensitive and specificity in detecting early lung cancer. Preliminary screening study indicates that low-dose spiral CT can greatly improve the likelihood of detection for early lung cancer and situation of survival.

Objective To study the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE )and continuous portal vein perfusion chemothepary (VPC) on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). Methods The patients in group A (n=83) received the epirubicin (EPI) 40 mg and the cisplatin (CDDP) 80mg, lipiodol-anticancer drug emulsion was injected into the feeding arteries of tumors followed by embolization with gelatin sponge (GS) particles. Patients in group B (n=59) after receiving the same as the group A then VPC was carried out. Results The response rate ( CR + PR) in group A and B was 45.8% and 61.0%(P

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) and to compare the effectiveness of ultrashort wave diathermy and Chinese medicine in the treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) through animal experiment. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: a control group, a model group, an ultrashort wave group, a Chinese me-dicine group. All the groups were injected with horse blood serum and methyl-prednisolone, which can induce ANFH. The TXB_2, 6-keto-PGF_ 1? , TG, TCh and hemorheology index were observed in the study. Results When compared with control group, the difference of model group was significant (P0.05) between ultrashort wave group and Chinese group. Conclusion Both ultrashort wave diathermy and Chinese medicine were effective for the treatment of ANTH in the early stage.

Objective: To investigate the mortality and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases and their trends among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the development of the chronic disease control strategy. Methods: The data regarding the mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 were captured from the Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Diseases Surveillance Information Management System, and the crude mortality, standardized mortality by the sixth population census data in Zhejiang Province in 2010 and probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases were estimated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature death were analyzed in Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020 using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 6 436 deaths occurred due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases among residents at ages of 30 to 69 years in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020. The crude and standardized mortality rates were 183.33/105 and 152.88/105, which both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-1.099% and -2.926%, both P<0.05), and the probability of premature death reduced from 10.40% in 2005 to 6.78% in 2020, which appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-2.827%, P<0.05). The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors, diabetes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases all appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2005 to 2020 (AAPC=-2.681%, -6.571% and -2.286%, all P<0.05), while no significant changing trend was seen in the probability of premature death due to chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=-4.263%, P>0.05). The probability of premature death for these four chronic diseases reduced from 13.55% in 2005 to 9.36% in 2020 among male residents (AAPC=-2.150%, P<0.05), and reduced from 7.18% in 2005 to 4.22% in 2020 among female residents (AAPC=-4.149%, P<0.05). Conclusions The mortality and probability of premature death due to chronic diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Xiacheng District, Hangzhou City from 2005 to 2020, and there was a significant decline in the probability of premature death for malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.