Objective To investigate correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism, insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 115 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were selected as observation group.115 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes were selected in hospital at same period as control group.All patients received detection of vitamin D,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets. Correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets were analyzed.Results Fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the observation group were higher than the control group [(8.5 ±1.2)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±0.6)mmol/L,(13.4 ± 1.5)mmol/L vs (7.8 ±0.7)mmol/L,(8.7 ±1.1)% vs (5.6 ±0.5)%,(25.7 ±1.0)kg/m2 vs (22.3 ±0.4)kg/m2 , (5.6 ±0.7)mmol/L vs (4.5 ±0.4)mmol/L,(2.3 ±0.5)mmol/L vs (1.7 ±0.3)mmol/L,(3.5 ±0.6)mmol/L vs (2.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(3.6 ±0.5)vs (2.5 ±0.4),t =9.667,10.179,8.535,4.524,5.443,6.529,8.909,7.406, all P <0.05].High density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin,vitamin D in the observation group were lower than the control group [(1.0 ± 0.2)mmol/L vs (1.2 ±0.3)mmol/L,(5.2 ±1.3)vs (8.4 ±1.6),(135.8 ±11.7)vs (194.3 ±19.2),(4.1 ± 0.9)IU /mL vs (10.8 ±0.6)IU /mL,(10.8 ±2.1)ng/L vs (27.4 ±3.8)ng/L,t =5.087,9.153,7.370,10.414, 18.371,all P <0.05].Vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein choles-terol,insulin resistance index(r =-0.537,-0.512,-0.469,-0.387,-0.325,-0.316,-0.372,-0.457,all P <0.05).Vitamin D were significantly positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin(r =0.351,0.418,0.674,0.316,all P <0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes may be involved in glucose -lipid metabolism and insulin resistance,but also may be one of the reasons leading to decreasing of early secretory function of pancreatic βcells.

In recent years, with the development of neuroimaging and the advancement in related studies, people have had a deeper understanding of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. This article reviews the progress in research on the etiology, onset characteristics, imaging features, diagnosis and prognosis of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

273 chinese have been studied with high voltage electrophoresis and immumofixation to survey the polymorphism of the third component of human complement in Shaanxi Provice Two C_3 phenotypes were found in this population, they are C_3SS and C_3FS The frequencies of C_3SS and C_3FS are 98.53% and 1.47% respectively. The frequency of C_3S gene is 0.9926 and C_3F gene 0.0073. These results are similar to other studies in China and this group was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with Negro and Caucasian, the chinese population in Shaanxi Province has a significant difference in C_3 polymorphism.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and effect of benazepril treat with diabetic nephropathy on Plasma NO and ET-1. Methods 100 cases of DN patients were divided into two groups by random number table (50cases), group A with basic treatment, group B increased benazepril. Selected another 50 cases of simple diabetic patients as control group, observed the plasma NO (nitric oxide) and ET-1 (ET-1) levels changes of three groups,and compared the clinical efficacy. Results The levels of NO, ET-1 and Ang II in A group and B group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05); the level of NO in B group was higher than that in group A, and the level of ET-1 and Ang II was lower than that of group A(P<0.05). The total effective rate of B group was 86.00％, which was significantly higher than that of control group 58.00％(P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical application benazepril treat with DN can effectively regulated plasma NO and ET-1 levels, protect the kidneys, and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the change and its clinical significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100? in serum and hippocampus tissue in rats with epilepsy induced by Kainic acid (KA).Methods 180 Wistar rats were randomly classified into control, KA and carbamazepine (CBZ) group, and the later two groups were further divided into 6 sub-groups (1 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h ) according to epileptic attack at different time point. The NSE and S-100? concentrations in serum and homogenate of hippocampus were determined by radioimmunity assay (RIA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.Results The concentrations of NSE and S-100? were dynamic change during 72 h after epileptic attack in serum and hippocampus homogenate, and the changes were synchronous. The concentrations reached peak at 12 h. Both NSE and S-100? concentrations in KA and CBZ group were obviously higher than those in control group ( P

Aim To investigate the effects of leptin on ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression and protein production, and the roles of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators transcription(JAK/STAT) signaling transduction pathway in increased ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression stimulated by leptin in activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods Firstly, ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression and protein production as well as JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation induced by leptin at different doses in a human HSC cell line, LX-2 were determined by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western-blot.Secondly, the effects of JAK1 inhibitor AG490 on JAK1 phosphorylation and ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression stimulated by leptin were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. Thirdly, the roles of AG490 and transfection with STAT3 antisense oligonucleotide(STAT3-ASON) in STAT3 phosphorylation after leptin were detected by Western blot. Finally, the effect of transfection with STAT3-ASON on ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression after leptin was measured by RT-PCR.Results Leptin increased ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression and protein production in a dose-dependent manner in LX-2, reaching a maximal level at 80 ?g?L-1 leptin. In addition, phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 after leptin exhibited a time-dependent effect. Besides, JAK1 inhibitor AG490 completely blocked JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and increased in ?1(Ⅰ) collagen gene expression after leptin in LX-2. Transfection with STAT3-ASON blocked STAT3 phosphorylation and increased ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA by leptin in LX-2.Conclusion Leptin had a direct action on liver fibrogenesis by stimulating ?1(Ⅰ) collagen mRNA expression and protein production in activated HSC, and JAK/STAT signaling transduction pathway was involved in the process. JAK1 inhibitor AG490 and transfection with STAT3-ASON blocked the transduction pathway effectively in LX-2. Leptin may be an important factor in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Activated JAK1 and STAT3 signaling in human HSC line provided a novel molecular target for therapeutic intervention of liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.Methods MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 μmol/L pioglitazone for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT, cell cycle and apoptosis were inspected with flow cytometry, the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were examined via immuno-chemical staining. Results Survival of osteoblasts decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M stages increased, while the cells in S stage decreased significantly. The percentage of apoptosis at 5 and 10 μmol/L were lower than that of the control group(P ＜ 0.05), While it was increased significantly at 30 and 40 μmol/L(P ＜0.01). Bax expression was attenuated at 10 μmol/L(P＜0. 01), returned to normal by 20 μmol/L, and was increased by 30 and 40 μmol/L(P ＜ 0. 01). Bcl-2 expression was enhanced at the dose ≤ 20 μmol/L(P ＜0.01). Positive correlation was found between the death rate and the expression intensity of Bax/Bcl-2(n = 15, r=0.796, P＜0.01). Conclusions Pioglitazone inhibits apoptosis of osteoblasts at low concentrations and protects the cells, but promotes their apoptosis at higher concentration, Bax/Bcl-2 may play an important role in mediating the piglitazone-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts. It inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of complete Freund's adjuvant induced thymocyte apoptosis on NOD mice with type 1 diabetes.Methods Forty-two female NOD mice of 3 weeks old were randomly divided into complete Freund's adjuvant group(CFA)and phosphate buffer saline group(PBS)(21 each).Animals of CFA group received injection of 50?l CFA at hind foot-pad,and those in PBS group received 50?l PBS at the same location.Five mice of each group were sacrificed at the 6th and 12th week,respectively,and the remainders of each group were sacrificed at the 30th week for the examination of insular ? cell apoptosis,thymocytes apoptosis,insulitis severity and diabetes incidence.Results Both the insulitis severity score and the ? cell apoptosis declined(P

Objective To explor the value of Tei index for evaluation the cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Tei index in 60 patients with CHF(CHF group) and 30 normal controls(control group) were evaluated and compared with the levels of NT-ProBNP and the NYHA class,and the sensitivity and specificity of Tei index for CHF diagnosis were appraised.Results (1) Tei index in CHF group was significantly higher than that in control group.When Tei index was more than and equal to 0.45,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of Tei index for diagnosing CHF were 85.6％,90.4％,89.8％ and 78.0％.(2)There was a remarkable positive correlation between Tei and Log NT-ProBNP(r =0.84,P ＜ 0.01).(3)There were significant differences in Tei index among NYHA Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ class [(0.47 ± 0.06),(0.56 ± 0.08),(0.64 ±0.13)].Conclusion Tei index can be used to diagnose CHF and evaluate the degree of it.

0.05).Conclusion The SIS method not only can determine multiple index in Chinese materia medica(CMM)simultaneously,but also be simple and accurate.It will be a good quality evaluation pattern for CMM.