Objective: To examine the influencing factors of the efficiency of county-level centers for disease control and prevention ( CDCs) in China. Methods:458 county-level CDCs were selected based on a systematic sam-pling method. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the region-level and institution-level influencing factors affect-ing the efficiency of CDCs. Results: It was found that the region ( province) is associated with the efficiency of a CDC. The region-level factor of population density exhibited a significant influence, while the institution-level factors such as the proportion of health technicians, service income and CDC laboratories per capita also had an influence on overall efficiency. Conclusions: Both the region-level and institution-level determinants influence efficiency. Multi-level modeling can help researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors that affect the CDC efficiency.

Objective To observe the effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan(CV 4)on abnormal activity in early climacteric rats.Methods Using four-month-old female SD rats as young control group,the 24 ten-month-old SD female rats screened by vaginal smear were randomized into 4 groups.The climacteric models by natural aging were established.The changes of estrogen receptor(ER-?)and heat shock protein-70(HSP-70)expressions resulted from the effect of preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion were observed.Results The expression of ER-? decreased gradually in the uterus of natural climacteric rats(P

Objective To analyse the sensitivity ,specificity and coincidence rate of genechip method in the detection of resistance to antibacterial agents in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) ,in order to provide a convenient ,accurate and rapid method for detec‐ting antibacterial resistance in MTB .Methods The DNA sequencing was taken as gold standard ,and antibacterial resistance of the strains of MTB isolated from sputum specimens of 250 cases of patients with tuberculosis from August to December 2014 were de‐tected by using the genechip method and proportion method for susceptibility testing at the same time .Efficacies of the two methods in detecting MTB resistance to rifarnpin and isoniazid were compared .Results The MTB resistance rate to rifarnpin detected by u‐sing the genechip method and proportion method for susceptibility testing was 3 .0% and 3 .5% respectively ;that to isoniazid was 6 .7% and 8 .2% respectively .For detecting M TB resistance to rifarnpin and isoniazid ,the DNA sequencing was taken as gold standard ,the sensitivity ,specificity and coincidence rate of genechip method was higher than those of proportion method for suscep‐tibility testing ,and the test time of genechip method was shorter than that of proportion method for susceptibility testing ,there were statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Using the genechip method to detecting MTB resistance to rifampin and isoniazid has high sensitivity ,specificity and coincidence rate ,which could replace the proportion method for susceptibility tes‐ting and become an effective method .

OBJECTIVETo develop a hydroponic Nicotiana cultivation system for rapid and high-yield transient expression of recombinant proteins under laboratory conditions.

METHODSTo establish the hydroponic cultivation system, several parameters were examined to define the optimal conditions for the expression of recombinant proteins in plants. We used the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the geminiviral plant transient expression vector as the model protein/expression vector. We examined the impact of Nicotiana species, the density and time of Agrobacterium infiltration, and the post-infiltration growth period on the accumulation of GFP. The expression levels of GFP in Nicotiana leaves were then examined by Western blotting and ELISA.

RESULTSOur data indicated that a hydroponic Nicotiana cultivation system with a light intensity of 9000 LX/layer, a light cycle of 16 h day/8 h night, a temperature regime of 28 degrees celsius; day/21 degrees celsius; night, and a relative humidity of 80% could support the optimal plant growth and protein expression. After agroinfiltration with pBYGFPDsRed.R/LBA4404, high levels of GFP expression were observed in both N. benthamiana and N. tobaccum (cv. Yuyan No.5) plants cultured with this hydroponic cultivation system. An optimal GFP expression was achieved in both Nicotiana species leaves 4 days after infiltration by Agrobacterium with an OD(600) of 0.8. At a given time point, the average biomass of N. tobaccum (cv. Yuyan No.5) was significantly higher than that of N. benthamiana. The leaves from 6-week-old N. benthamiana plants and 5-week-old N. tobaccum (cv. Yuyan No.5) plants could be the optimal material for agroinfiltration.

CONCLUSIONWe have established a hydroponic cultivation system that allows robust growth of N. benthamiana and N. tobaccum (cv. Yuyan No.5) plants and the optimal GFP expression in the artificial climate box.

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hydroponics ; methods ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tobacco ; genetics ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of RNA interference (RNAi) on small heat shock protein (sHSP) Sjp40 of Schistosoma japonicum and its synergistic effect on the expression of SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90 mRNA, and observe the mRNA expression levels of Sjp40, SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90 in different stages of S.japonicum.

METHODSDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of Sjp40 (dsSjp40) and a control dsRNA of green fluorescent protein (dsGFP) were generated by in vitro transcription and transfected into adult worm by immersing the worm in dsRNA solution. The total RNA and proteins were isolated simultaneously from the adult worms using TRIzol reagent 7 days after transfection. The expression levels of Sjp40, SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90 mRNA and the expression level of Sjp40 protein were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The mRNA expression of HSPs of S. japonicum in different stages was evaluated by qPCR.

RESULTSCompared with those in the control worms transfected with dsGFP, Sjp40 mRNA level was decreased by 80% in the worms transfected with dsSjp40, and the level of Sjp40 protein showed also a significant decrease. The mRNA expression levels of SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90 did not show an obvious synergism after Sjp40 RNAi. The expression profiles of Sjp40, SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90 showed significant differences in different stages of S. japonicum, and the expression level of Sjp40 mRNA in the egg stage was much higher than that of other HSP genes.

CONCLUSIONdsSjp40-RNAi can induce effective suppression of Sjp40 gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, but no obvious synergism occurs in the mRNA expressions of SjHSP60, SjHSP70, and SjHSP90.

Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heat-Shock Proteins, Small ; genetics ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics

s: The onset of Crohn’s disease (CD) is the interaction of environment, heredity, infection, immune and other factors. It is also closely related to abnormal immune functions. Without special treatment, CD is identified as a modern refractory disease. By syndrome differentiation and treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively relieve disease conditions, improve the quality of life and reduce side effects of modern medication. The core compatibility ofBai-Zhu andFu-Ling can reinforce spleen-qi and dispel dampness, which met the common pathogenesis of CD. Therefore, the combination is comprehensively used in the compound prescription. Our previous study found thatBai-Zhu Fu-Ling decoctioncan reduce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) of animal model of spleen-qi deficiency, downregulate VIP receptors, decrease the affinity of VIP receptors and improve animal model’s sIgA. To further clarify the effects about neurotransmitters and their correlation with the immune system in the pathogenesis of CD and the intervention mechanism treated by different proportional compatibility ofBai-Zhu Fu-Ling decoction, we studied influences of the decoction on related transmitters of nerve- immune network and functions of receptors, as well as cytokine secretion and signal transduction of TLR4-NF-κB. Our studies can provide references and foundations to further explore TCM treatment of CD.

Objective To explore the dosimetric characteristics of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)combined with bone marrow sparing intensity modulated radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.Methods Twenty patients with cervical cancer after hysterectomy were performed on 99Tc thiocolloid SPECT bone marrow imaging to determine the active bone marrow in the pelvis.SPECT image combined with the simulation CT was used as the primary planning data set.Two plans for bone marrow sparing modulated radiotherapy were generated according to the bone marrow volume defined by SPECT and outline of the pelvis(SPECT-IMRT planning and BMS-IMRT planning).Furthermore,the target section and the dosimetric distribution in organs at risk(bone marrow,small intestine,rectum and bladder)in the two plannings were compared.The prescribed dose to the PTV was 45 Gy.Results The volume of the bone marrow in SPECT-IMRT planning and BMS-IMRT planning was(238.15 ±36.82)and(1 100.61 ±109.92)cm3,respectively(t＝33.273,P＜0.05).The average bone marrow volume of SPECT-IMRT planning in high-dose radiation region(V30,V40and V45)was decreased by 6.9％,5.7％and 2.6％respectively compared with BMS-IMRT planning(t ＝3.540,3.4261,3.448,P＜0.05),but there was no statistical significant difference between the two plannings in the dose volume of low-dose radiation(V10and V20,P＞0.05).The PTV coverage rate and exposure dose of other organs at risk(small intestine,rectum and bladder)in the two plannings were not significantly different(P＞0.05).Conclusions SPECT bone marrow imaging could clearly show the range of active bone marrow on CT scan images.Compared with BMS-IMRT,SPECT-IMRT could further reduce the dose volume of high-dose radiation(V30,V40and V45).Yet the clinical significance of this advantage also needs to be confirmed by large-scale clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) associated vasculitis, which is a rare clinical entity in medical practice. METHODS: A 35-year-old female of Asian origin was admitted to our hospital due to complaints of Raynaud's phenomenon, myalgia, arthralgia and fatigue. The patient was diagnosed as MCTD in the out-patient department 8 months prior to admission based on Alarcon-Segovia classification criteria of Raynaud's phenomenon, myalgia, arthralgia and a high anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibody level. Interstitial lung disease was determined by chest computed tomography. Renal biopsy was performed because of marked proteinuria on 24 h urine collection. Histopathological examination revealed glomerulonephritis with fibrocellular/cellular crescents, in which moderate staining of IgM was shown by direct immunofluorescence. She was tested positive for myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. RESULTS: High dose of methylprednisolone (500 mg/d for 3 days) was started intravenously when the results of renal biopsy were obtained. Oral prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy (0.8 g/month) were continued for 12 months. Daily urinary protein loss decreased dramatically and serum creatinine was maintained at a normal level. CONCLUSION Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide are effective in the treatment of MPO-ANCA associated glomerulonephritis in MCTD.
Adult ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Methylprednisolone ; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease ; Peroxidase ; Proteinuria

Objective:To investigate the psychological status of medical students in clerkship during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), analyze the psychological status characteristics and influencing factors of them, and provide an effective basis for carrying out corresponding mental health education and countermeasures.Methods:The survey was conducted on clerkship medical students in the form of questionnaires, including self-made general status questionnaires, symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and social support rate scale (SSRS). Statistical analysis was made on above data, chi-square test was used for rates comparison, t test was for comparison between groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was conducted. Results:The survey obtained 359 valid questionnaires, 18.38% of medical students had different aspects of psychological problems. There was no statistical difference between male and female. For those who knew that there was free psychological counseling for the COVID-19, the levels of three factors, such as compulsive symptoms, anxiety, and hostility, were lower than those of the others who didn't know that [(1.30 ± 0.44) vs. (1.41±0.55), (1.19±0.30) vs. (1.26±0.42), (1.17±0.35) vs. (1.26±0.44), P < 0.05]. SSRS results showed that male students had lower social support availability than female students [(7.46±2.03) vs. (8.10±2.06), P=0.004], and except for somatization, other SCL-90 factors scores of the students were negatively correlated with SSRS scores. Conclusion:During the pandemic, medical students in clerkship have a certain degree of psychological problems, which are negatively related to social support, suggesting that these medical students' mental health can be improved by improving social support.

Angelica acutiloba(Sieb.et Zucc.)Kitagawa(AAK)is applied at Japan,Korea and Chaoxian nationality in China,which conceals exploiting potential and application value.The information of A.acutiloba was summarized base on CNKI and Pubmed databases,combining with Herb,Pubchem,Chemical book databases.Nowadays the compounds of AAK consist of volatile oil,coumarins,flavonoids,polysaccharide and so on.Due to the different planting methods and production areas,the content of compounds varies from region to region.Various of AAK compounds exert pharmacological activity through multiple pathways.It's aqueous extract,alcohol extract and partial monomer play an important role in regulating multiple systems such as the circulatory system,nervous system,and immune system.Those ingredients improve the pharmacological activities of hematopoietic and cardiovascular system,protect liver,combat inflammation,resist bacteria,improve learning and memory function,retard photoaging and resist tumor.In this paper,the progress of chemical constituents and pharmacology activity of AAK were sorted out from recent two decades,so as to offer assistance for therapeutic material basis,development of medicinal resource and clinical utilization.