Objective To investigate p16 promoter methylation in premature rats with chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia. Methods Eighty premature Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: hyperoxia group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen) 0. 90 and control group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen 0. 21), 40 rats for each group. Semi-nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction were applied respectively to detect p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues. Additionally, p16 mRNA and protein expressions in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry method. Results The methylation was not found in control group by seminested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction, while was found in different aged rats of the hyperoxia group. The methylation detection rate was higher by using the semi-nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (52.5%, 21/40) than that by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (42.5%, 17/40) in the hyperoxia group,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. The p16 mRNA in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21(1.73 ± 0.40 vs 2.11±0. 37,1.29±0. 19 vs 1.60±0. 27,0. 95±0.25 vs 1.72±0. 34, t=2.19, 2.95 and 10. 43,P＜0. 05). The p16 protein expressions by western blot in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21 also (88. 1±8. 7 vs 95.0±4.1,65.7±4.5 vs 83. 5±13.6 and 50.4±4.9 vs 86.7±11.9, t=2.27,3.95 and 13.40,P＜0.05). The expression of p16 mRNA (1.06±0.61) and protein (62.32±25.65) in lung tissues of rats with methylation was lower than that without methylation (1.63±0.62 and 94.93±22.21, respectively) (t=2.95, OR=0. 86;t=4.28, OR=0. 85,P＜0.01, respectively). Conclusions Exposure to hyperoxia might induce p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues in premature rats. Methylation risk increases as exposure time extends. p16 promoter methylation induced by hyperoxia might participate in the mechanism of lowering p16 mRNA and protein expression, but might not result in p16 gene silence.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .The rapid development of laboratory diagnostic technology provides a variety of options for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis .Nucleic acid detection is to use the theory and technology of molecular biology ,through direct detection of status or defect of particular segments ,then make diagnosis of the state of human body and disease .In recent years ,the development of nucleic acid diagnostic technique has greatly promoted the rapid diagnostic of laboratories .This article reviews the new methods of bacterial nucleic acid and host mi‐croRNAs detection technologies .

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular function in patients with different extents of coronary stenosis by the left ventricular pressure volume loop Methods In 65 patients who were undergoing coronary angiography and left ventriculography examinations, materials of clinical and cardiac catheter examinations were collected In right anterior oblique 30 degrees the left ventriculography was progressed The pressure curves of the left ventricle and the aorta were recorded continuously and volumes of the left ventricles were measured with the dot tracing method Pressure volume loop was set up and ventricular energy indexes embodied by the pressure volume loop were measured and calculated Results In normal group, pressure volume loop was located in the left and lower portion of the coordinate system Along with the levels of the coronary stenosis becoming more severe, pressure volume loops moved to the right and upper portion of the coordinate system Little changes occurred in ejection fraction except that there was a decreasing in patients with lesions of three branches; Stroke work showed no obvious changes; Filling energy became larger; Total energy increased obviously in both groups with lesions of double branches and three branches; End systolic energy increased gradually while energy efficiency decreased gradually Conclusion The ventricular pressure volume loop can be obtained in routine ventriculography which can reflect many indexes of ventricular function quantitatively The ventricular energy indexes change correspondingly with coronary artery lesions and may be useful to assess ventricular function in patients with different levels of coronary stenosis

OBJECTIVEThis research aims to study the changes in pain threshold and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model oftrigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSA total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: operative, sham-operative, and control. In the operative group, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) was caused by placing loose chromic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). In the sham-operative group, the right ION was subjected to the same procedure, but without ligation. In the control group, the right ION was not subjected to any treatment. The pain thresholds of the three groups were recorded at different times after the operation. The GDNF expression in each group was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSAn allodynia to mechanical stimulation in the region of the ligated ION was observed starting on the 2nd week after operation. Pain thresholds started to increase gradually from the 6th week and returned to the original level at the 10th to 12th week after operation. Cells that expressed the GDNF markedly increased in number in the operative group with changes observed at different times.

CONCLUSIONWe use chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to establish a trigeminal neuralgia-like animal model in SD rats. GDNF may play a role in regulating pain by promoting the restoration and regeneration of nerve fibers.

Animals ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective To estimate the significance of E-selectin and P-selectin in nodular vasculitis.Methods The EnVision two-step method was used to measure the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin in skin samples from the lesions of 70 patients with nodular vasculitis and normal skin of 24 human controls. The differences between the patients and controls in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin and relationship between their expression levels in nodular vasculitis lesions were assessed. Results The expression of E-selectin was detected in all the specimens of nodular vasculitis, and most of the expression level was moderately intensive (++); while E-selectin was absent in all of the control specimens. All the specimens of nodular vasculitis stained postivive for P-selectin, which was strongly (+++) expressed in most of the specimens; while only 2 control specimens stained weakly positive for P-selectin. A significant difference was observed in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin between the specimens from the patients and controls (both P< 0.01), but not among specimens from patients at different ages and between specimens from female and male patients (all P > 0.05). In addition, the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin was well correlated with each other in lesions of nodular vasculitis (P < 0.01). Conclusions The expression of E-selectin and P-selectin is correlated with each other in lesions of acute nodular vasculitis, and is associated with the development of nodular vasculitis.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Shuguan Capsule on myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MOC) in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: Coronary blood flow (CBF) of twenty-five thoracotomized dogs was detected by electromagnetic flow meter and the MBF was calculated. While the oxygen content in the artery (AO2 ) and in the coronary venous sinus (VO2) was determined with blood oxygen analysis.Moreover, the other cardiac hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate (HR), femoral arterial blood pressure (BP), were observed by physiological polygraph. RESULTS: It was found that Shuguan Capsule (48.5 mg/kg and 194 mg/kg) could significantly increase the MBF, and then decease the coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, Shuguan Capsule could also lower the AO2, but increase the VO2, which led to the decreased MOC. CONCLUSION: Shuguan Capsule exhibits the effects to keep the balance between blood supply and oxygen consumption in the heart by modulating the coronary resistance and by reducing MOC in dogs.

Objective To explore the effects of case method teaching in the medical postgraduate student of dermatology English teaching. Methods The experiment group was taught by case method teaching, and the control group was taught by traditional teaching model. The quantitative research and questionnaire investigation were used to evaluate the teaching methods. Results (1) There were significant differences in professional English test scores of Dermatology between the two groups;(2) The questionnaire investigation revealed that the case method teaching have achieved a higher evaluation from students in stimulating their enthusiasm of learning English,cultivating their ability of using language and improving capability of resolving clinical problem. Conclusion Case method teaching could help students cultivate the abilities to interpersonal communication and cooperation, raise the sense of innovation and innovation capacity,strengthen the relation between skills and theoretical knowledge, and improve the ability of self-management, learn cooperation and information literacy. But we should improve the case-based teaching and evaluation methods,in order to improve the teaching method of case teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Objective To explore the application value of PBL combined with medical simulation training in pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students.Methods Totally 41 long-schooling program medical students in pediatric department were taken as study group while 40 medical students as control group.PBL combined with medical simulation training was used in study group while traditional method was used in control group.Teaching effect was evaluated using score analysis,PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire.Results Scores of theory test and clinical skill exam after course completion in study group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.01).PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire showed that the student's comprehensive ability has significantly improved.Conclusions Application of PBL and medical simulation training in the pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students can enhance students' problem analyzing and summarizing abilities,problem-solving ability and practical operation ability.It can effectively cultivate team collaboration and doctor-patient communication skills as well as improve the quality of teaching.

AIM: To observe whether metallothionein plays a role in cardiac protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on anoxic/reperfusion (A/R) injury in cultured cardiomyocytes and study the possible mechanism of cardiac protection by bFGF.METHODS: The present study made the model of myocyte A/R injury after having a 24 h incubation by bFGF( 10-10、10-9、10-s mol/L) and bFGF( 10-9 mol/L) + PD098059 respectively. We measured the levels of MT and MDA in myocytes, and the changes of LDH and protein in cultured medium. We also counted the number of viable cell in groups. RESULTS: The contents of myocardial MT were significantly increased after treatment by bFGF. The levels of MT in I0-l0 mol/L、10-9 mol/L and 10-8 mol/L bFGF treated groups increased 54 %、 62%、 76% respectively, compared with the A/R group, and the number of viable cell were also greatly increased, LDH and protein leakage in cultured medium and MDA contents in myocyte were dramatically decreased in bFGF treated groups. All the protection were completely disappeared with the inhibition of MT production with PD098059, theinhibitor of mitogen- activated protein kinase(MAPK). CONCLUSION: MT involves in the protection of bFGF in cultured cardiomyocytes. It might be related with activation of MAPKase.