BACKGROUND: More and more researches prove that cell apoptosis could be induced by glutamine, also there are more researches on studying the indirect and direct nervous-protective effects of insulin, but the nervous-protective effects of insulin on impairment induced by glutamine, as well as its mechanism still need further investigation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nervous-protective effects of insulin on impairment induced by glutamine in PC12 cells, and to explore its molecular mechanism.DESIGN: A prospective controlled study based on cells.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital; Department of Neurology of Sun Yat-wen University Hospital.MATERIALS: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital and the Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2002 to March 2003. PC12 cells were purchased from the same animal center.METHODS: Traumatic models were made in PC 12 cells by treated with 0.5 mmol/L glutamine for 20 minutes, and the insulin of different concentration were used for protection, after 24 hours, protective effects of insulin were assessed with MTT method, Hoechst33258 fluorescence staining, DNA agar gelatin electrophoresis, meanwhile the expression of PKB/Akt protein were also detected./Akt protein in experimental group.RESULTS: The A value of50 mU/L, 100 mU/L, 200 mU/L, 400 mU/L insulin groups were 0. 214 ±0. 062, 0. 234 ±0. 067, 0. 260 ±0. 076 and 0. 265 ± 0. 069, respectively, but the value of single glutamine group was 0. 201 ± 0. 079, statistical analysis indicated that compared with single glutamine group, there were no significant difference in 50 mU/L, 100 mU/L insulin groups( P > 0.05), but 200 mU/L, 400 mU/L insulin groups were found statistically different from single glutamine group(t=-2.398,-2. 716, P < 0.05); "DNA Ladder" could not be observed in 400 mU/L insulin group by electrophoresis;It was proved that Insulin could enhance the expression of PKB/Akt protein.CONCLUSION: Insulin has nervous-protective effects on impairment induced by glutamine in PC12 cells, furthermore it also has property of anti-apoptosis, and its protective mechanism might be associated with enhancement of the expression of PKB/Akt protein.

Objective To study the Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the clinical characteristics and treatment methods. Methods From June 2008 to December 2009,49 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results 49 cases of children were diagnosed with acute upper respiratory tract infection in 13 cases(26.5% ) ,acute bronchitis 21 cases(42.9%) ,bronchial pneumonia, 15 cases( 30.6% ). Azithromycin alone treatment group,24 cases cured 22 cases ,2 cases improved, the cure rate of 91.7% ;erythromycin and azithromycin infusion + oral sequential treatment group,25 cases recovered,21cases improved,4 cases,the cure rate was 84%. Compared with the two groups,difference was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05). All patients were treated in our hospital with average of 13.8d,follow-up period without recurrence.Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in large differences in clinical manifestations, early diagnosis and treatment should be carried out. Azithromycin in the treatment effect was good, a short course of treatment could be used as treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Objective To explore the influences of selenium,age,sex,education level,occupation and other factors on cognitive function in elderly of rural areas in Shandong Province.Methods Rural Chinese aged 65 years or older were sampled from Gaomi County and Zichuan County from 2006 to 2007 in Shandong,Province by cluster sampling method.Demographic characteristics were collected,and cognitive functions were surveyed using dementia community survey(CSID),including dementia test,CERAD word list learning,recall test,Indiana University (IU) story recall test and impact test on animals.The nail samples were collected and the selenium content was tested using 2,3-diamino-naphthalene fluorescence assay.The relationship between selenium and other related factors(age,sex,education level,occupation,et al) With cognitive function was analyzed.Results A total of 1 000 people aged 65 years or older were investigated.In which,457 were males,and 543 were females.Most elderly were farmers and illiteracy.The differences of CSID total scores and IU story recall scores between different selenium groups were statistically significant(F =2.56,9.18,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Multiple linear regression model analysis showed,age,sex,education level,occupation,hypertension and nail selenium content had significant impact on CSID scores(t =-9.942,-6.848,5.391,2.276,-2.863,2.309,all P ＜ 0.05).Age,sex,education level,occupation and nail selenium content had significant impact on IU story recall test (t =-4.252,-2.021,8.203,2.528,4.490,all P ＜ 0.05).While age,sex,education level,occupation were main influence factors to animal fluency test(t =-7.951,-6.166,7.544,2.824,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Selenium is a protective factor for cognitive function of elderly in Shandong Province.Besides,age,sex and education level also have impact on cognitive ability of rural elderly.

Pathology is a subject that studies the etiology,pathogenesis,pathological changes,progression and outcome of diseases.Pathology links the basic research and clinical practice and is an important part of translational medicine.In order to cultivate qualified pathological graduates with solid pathological theories and the abilities of proposing and addressing scientific hypotheses from pathological morphology changes,we employ modularized special training to divide the pathology training courses into morphology learning module,article searching and reading module,project design module,experiment operation module and scientific presentation module.The training contents among these modules are relatively independent but closely connected,and compose a strategy that aims to improve the scientific innovation ability of pathological graduates.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of gastrodin in relaxing isolated thoracic aorta rings in rats and discuss its possible mechanism.

METHODIsotonic tension of isolated thoracic aortic rings in rats with norepineprine (NE) and KCl was recorded to observe the vasodilatory effect of gastrodin and the influence of various drugs on it.

RESULTGastrodin had the effect in relaxing thoracic aortas with or without endothelium, and there was no significant difference. NG-nitro-L-argininemethylester (L-NAME, 1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1)), methylene blue (MB, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)), indomethacin (INDO, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)) had no effect on the vasodilation action of gastrodin on thoracic aortas precontracted by NE. 4-aminopyrimide (4-AP, 1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1)), tetrathylamonium (TEA, 1 x 10(-3) mol x L(-1)), BaCl2 (1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1)) and glibenclamide (Gli, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)) could inhibit gastrodin's effect in relaxing thoracic aorta rings. In the absence of Ca2+, pre-incubated gastrodin showed a notable inhibitory effect in relaxing NE contraction.

CONCLUSIONGastrodin shows a dose-dependent and endothelium-independent effect in relaxing rat isolated thoracic aorta rings. The mechanism is related to K+ channel, inhibition of release of Ca+ stored in endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflow of external calcium Ca2+.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Norepinephrine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo develop a GC method to determine the content of caryophyllene in Eupatorium fortune.

METHODThe samples were determined on a DB-1701 (0.32 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) quartz capillary column. And the sample was extracted with ethanol by the ultrasonic assisted extraction.

RESULTThe calibration curve of caryophyllene is liner over the range of 0.002-2.0 g x L (-1) (R2 = 1). The recovery was from 96.76% to 104.15%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate, simple with a good reproducibility. It can be used to control the quality of E. fortune.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Eupatorium ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis

Pelvic abscess is one of the most common gynecologic acute abdomen.It is often developed by pelvic inflammatory disease,and the incidence of the pelvic abscess is rising year by year and younger.It often leads to a variety of diseases,such as infertility,which threaten female reproductive health.Its clinical symptoms vary and progress rapidly,which can easily lead to misdiagnosis or untimely rupture of abscess,and seriously endanger life.For pelvic abscess,correct diagnosis and timely treatment are the fundamental starting point.This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess.

Objective:Through the establishment and application of the biosafety autopsy pathology platform in Huoshenshan Hospital, the feasibility and application effect of the biosafety autopsy pathology platform were analyzed.Methods:The feasibility and application effect of the biosafety autopsy pathology platform were analyzed by layout design, instruments and equipment preparation, testing methods examination, and effect evaluation.Results:A total number of 26 cases of systematic autopsy and 8 cases of minimally invasive autopsy (puncture) were performed on the biosafety autopsy pathology platform, and no one was infected. Some pathology original findings were identified, including COVID-19 and pathological characteristics of identification, SARS respiratory failure mechanism and treatment significance, systemic distribution and spreading mechanism of the new coronavirus, the " storm" of inflammation pathological basis, some tumor markers rise in pulmonary pathological cell source and the overcast with fibrosis characteristics, such findings play important roles in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusions:The study of autopsy pathology is of great significance for the prevention and control of emerging infectious disease, which calls for early intervention. To promote the standard construction of biosafety autopsy platform is the key to the pathological study of emerging infectious diseases. Pathological research and clinical diagnosis and treatment should be combined to inform each other.

Combined with teaching practice, this study summarizes the teaching contents, methods and effect evaluation of pathological technology for professional postgraduates majoring in pathology. According to the basic conditions of postgraduates, the pathological technology training program has been formulated, student-centered heuristic teaching is carried out by using diversified teaching methods such as flipped classroom, interactive theoretical teaching is carried out by using the intelligent teaching platform, and practical teaching is carried out by using the problem-based learning mode, aiming to improve the theoretical literacy and practical level of pathological technology of professional postgraduates majoring in pathology, improve their clinical research thinking, and lay a foundation for clinical pathological diagnosis and scientific research in the future.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of different doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the treatment of acquired severe aplastic anemia (AA) in children. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized children with severe AA who received adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy of IVIG from January 2000 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different doses of treatment, the children were divided into low dose group ( IVIG 200-400 mg/ (kg·d) once every 4 weeks for 6 times), high dose group (IVIG 1 g/ (kg·d ) x 2 days once every 4 weeks for 6 times). Results All the children were followed up until December 31, 2015. Among the 61 children, it was effective in 41 children and total effective rate was 67.2%. The effective rate of anti thymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment in high dose group was higher after 3 months than that of low dose group, and there was statistical difference (P=0.020). The interval between first dose of IVIG and first dose of ATG in 20 cases of ineffectiveness was 2.0 (2.0-5.0) d, while that in 41 cases of effectiveness was 8.0 (7.0-9.0) d, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.001); Among the 20 ineffective children, 18 children had the interval <7 day. The survival rates of the two groups were 80% and 87.1%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of severe infections in the high-dose group was lower than that in the low-dose group after the use of ATG for 6 months, and there was statistical difference (P=0.008). Conclusions High dose of IVIG therapy can increase the early response rate in children with acquired severe AA, but it does not increase the long-term effectiveness, cure rate and 5 year survival rate. In addition, it can reduce the severe infection rate, but cannot reduce the total infection rate and infection related mortality rate.