Objective To provide the data of mandible and zygomatic arch, including the space distance of mandible angles, depth and length of zygomatic arch, by direct measurement and related analysis at home position of corpse in Chinese Han for medical aesthetics. Methods The vernier callipers were used to directly measure the every indexes of mandible and zygomatic arch in the formalin-fixed male and female adult corpses (50 each) and to proceed the related analysis. Results The results showed that male mandible thickness was (12.60?1.26) mm, mandible height (33.60?3.35) mm, mandible length (77.60?7.80) mm , width of mandible ramus (34.80?3.50) mm, height of mandible ramus (67.20?6.70) mm, depth of zygomatic arch (9.54?1.19) mm, length of zygomatic arch (40.60?4.97)mm, and thickness of mandible angle (12.20?0.67) mm in male; Mandible thickness was (10.70?0.98) mm, mandible height (29.40?2.64) mm, ramus of mandible height (74.00?7.07) mm, width of mandible (31.10?3.04) mm, height of mandible ramus (64.00?5.53) mm, depth of zygomatic arch (8.67?1.09) mm, l ength of zygomatic arch (36.50?4.59) mm, and thickness of mandible angle (13.80?1.28) mm in female. Conclusions The breadth between bilateral angle of mandible could come to reckoning the depth of zygomatic arch, the length of zygomatic arch and other indexes of mandibles. Those data are useful in aesthetics and preparation of the compound.

Luminal surface of vascular endothelium is decorated with a variety of polysaccharide-protein complexes,which constitute the glycocalyx.It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial glycocalyx plays an important role in modulation of selective permeability of vessels,mediation of the blood cell-endothelial cell interactions and the release of nitric oxide induced by fluid shear stress under physiological condition.In inflammation condition,sheding of glycocalyx due to inflammation mediator leads to its functional weakening in vessel protection.At the same time,heparan sulfate as a major constituent of vascular endothelial glycocalyx could be involved in regulating the evolution of inflammation.Heparan sulfate interacts with L-selectin to mediating leukocyte rolling,presents chemokines on luminal surfaces of endothelial cells to mediate leukocyte crawling and firm adhesion,participates in transcytosis of chemokines from tissue to luminal side of endothelial cells during inflammation.Various risk factors of atherosclerosis,as an inflammatory disease,are closely associated with vascular endothelial glycocalyx.This paper is aimed to review the role of vascular endothelial glycocalyx in inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ( LIBS) was used to detect the compositions of soil in the air, and the quantitative analysis model with genetic algorithm-partial least squares ( GA-PLS ) was established. A total of fifty-eight soil samples were split into calibration, monitoring and prediction sets. Eleven soil compositions including Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ba, Al2 O3 , CaO, Fe2 O3 , MgO, Na2 O, and K2 O were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that, as a pretreatment method for optimizing the selection of spectral lines, GA could be effectively used to reduce the number of spectral lines for use in building PLS model, and hence simplify the quantitative analysis model. More importantly, for most of the soil compositions, GA-PLS could significantly improve the prediction ability compared with the conventional PLS model. Take Mn as an example, the root-mean-square error of prediction ( RMSEP ) was decreased from 0. 0215% to 0 . 0167%, and the mean percent prediction error ( MPE ) was decreased from 8 . 10% to 5 . 20%. The research provides an approach for further improving the accuracy of LIBS quantitative analysis in soil.

The distribution of shear stress on the bottom of the parallel plate flow chamber under different inlet velocities was analyzed by numerical simulation. In the present experimental study, the projection planes of the relative errors at 0.7% level were obtained, and then the efficient region and the actual entrance length were further corrected by introducing the concept of relative error. The results showed that the efficient region of the chamber increased with the direction of length while the inlet velocity was increased, and the actual entrance length was much greater than that of the theoretical entrance length. Therefore, in accordance to the needed range of shear stress in experiment and to the needed efficient region area, the optimum design of the flow chamber is necessary.
Algorithms ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ; Pulsatile Flow ; Rheology ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical

CXCR1 and CXCR2 are important receptors in regulating vascular endothelial cell activities. In order to elucidate the role of CXCR1/2 in shear stress-induced endothelial cell migration, we have investigated the expression levels of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in the endothelial cells exposed to shear stress. In the experiment, anti-IL8RA and anti-IL8RB were used to antagonize CXCR1 and CXCR2. Different shear stresses were generated in a flow chamber; scratch test was carried out to compare endothelial cell migration in the control group and the receptor-antagonized groups. The results indicated that the migration of endothelial cells was restrained effectively after CXCR1 and CXCR2 were antagonized by anti-IL8RA and anti-IL8RB. And anti-IL8RA showed a stronger inhibitive effect than did anti-IL8RB (P<0.05). In the group with both receptor antagonisms, the migration was further inhibited. These results suggest that both CXCR1 and CXCR2 are important factors in mediating the migration of endothelial cells induced by shear stress, and CXCR1 fulfills a more important role.
Cell Movement ; physiology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; drug effects ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of different fluid shear stress on the expression of IL-8 receptors CXCR1 in endothelial cells. The HUVEC cell lines, EA. Hy926 cells, were cultured in vitro, exposed to 5.56, 10.02, and 15.27 dyn/cm2 laminar shear stress, respectively, and then the shear stress grous were each investigated at the time-points of 0h, 1h, 2h, 4h and 8h. Western blotting was used for detecting the expression of IL-8 receptor CXCR1 at the time-points. The results showed that, under 5.56 dyn/cm2 shear stress, the expression of CXCR1 increased with time significantly (P < 0.01). The maximum expression of CXCR1 appeared at 4 h and was 2.2 times that of the control. When exposed to 10.02 dyn/cm2, the expression of CXCR1 increased gradually with time and finally remained at a constant higher level. When exposed to 15.27 dyn/cm2, CXCR1 expression decreased significantly with time (P < 0.01). The minimum CXCR1 expression appeared at 8 h and was 62. 59 percent of that of the control. These results indicate that the expression of CXCR1 in endothelial cell is regulated by laminar shear stress.
Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

This study sought to elucidate whether Rac1 mediates the migration of endothelial cell induced by IL-8. The Transwell chamber motility assay was conducted to disclose the effect of different matrigel dilution and different time of IL-8 treatment on the migration of endothelial cells. The mRNA of Rac1 was detected by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that when the concentration of Matrigel was 1:2, there is significant difference on the amounts of migration cells than that of the concentration of 1:3 or 1:8; When the dilution of Matrigel was 1:4, 1:5 or 1:6, there is no significant difference on the amounts of migration cells than that of other dilution groups. So we choose the Matrigel concentration as 1:4. With the increase of IL-8 stimulation time, the cells which migrated from upper reservoirs to lower reservoirs progressively increased. After six hours stimulation by IL-8, the expression of Rac1 mRNA in migrated cells was increased, compared with that of other groups. The results suggest that Rac1 may mediate the migration of endothelial cells induced by IL-8. It can also be the foundation for further investigation on the role of Rac1 in the migration of endothelial cells induced by IL-8.
Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Cell autophagy plays a key role in maintaining intracellular nutritional homeostasis during starvation through elimination of aberrant or obsolete cellular structures. The cellular cytoskeleton has a crucial role in multiple processes involving membrane rearrangements and vesicle-mediated events. Autophagy is mediated by both microtubules and actin networks: microtubules promote the synthesis of autophagosome and are related to the movement of autophagosome; actin networks have been implicated in structurally supporting the expanding of phagophore, moving autophagosomes and enabling their efficient fusion with the lysosome; non-muscle myosinⅡoperates in the early stages of autophagy during the initiation and expansion of the phagophore, whereas myosinⅥ and myosin 1C are involved in the late stages of autophagosome maturation and fusion with the lysosome, respectively. This review summarizes the multiple regulation of cytoskeleton on autophagy and focuses on the regulation of autophagy by actin and myosin, providing a new approach for the study of pathogenesis and innovative therapies of autophagy related diseases.