The scientific investigation on the nature of Chinese materia medica(CMM)has stepped into a critical moment.In this paper,the objectivity of the CMM nature and some other relevant existing problems are discussed based on retrospective and prospective analyses.It could be concluded that there is a duality about the objective connotation of the CMM nature.In order to get a significant breakthrough in near future in the scientific investigation on the CMM nature,the goal,strategy,and methodology should be reconsidered and adjusted.Cold and heat,the most radical and important elements of the CMM nature should be treated as the most principal task in the field.The key scientific issues can be refined to establish a set of objective and scientific evaluating system for the CMM nature,and to elucidate its objective conno- tation.In view of restoration to integration as well as thermodynamic expression,a set of new ideas and methods for the investigation on the CMM nature has been put forward in this paper.

Establishment of bioassay methods is the technical issues to be faced with in the bioassay of Chinese materia medica. Taking the bioassay of Coptis chinensis Franch. as an example, the establishment process and application of the bioassay methods (including bio-potency and bio-activity fingerprint) were explained from the aspects of methodology, principle of selection, experimental design, method confirmation and data analysis. The common technologies were extracted and formed with the above aspects, so as to provide technical support for constructing pattern and method of the quality control for Chinese materia medica based on the dao-di herbs and bioassay.

Objective To establish the characteristic biothermokinetic methods in different extract fractions of Radix Isatis using Escherichia coli as model bacteria under biothermodynamics. MethodsMicrocalorimetry was used to obtain the characteristic metabolic growth power-time curves and biothermodynamic parameters of bacteria affected by different extract fractions of Radix Isatis, and evaluate the differences among the different extract fractions of Radix Isatis. Results Different extracting fractions of Radix Isatis could inhibit or promote the growth and metabolism of E. coli in different levels. Water-extract fractions and residues could promote its growth while organic solvent extract fractions did the opposite. Furthermore, with the decline of the solvent polarity, the inhibiting rate of organic solvent extract fraction was decreased and the generation time of bacteria was prolonged. There were steady and distinct differences among the different extract fractions in the characteristic metabolic growth power-time curves, such as the maximum power value's decrease and peak time's delay of water-extract fraction and residue, the specific power enhancement in later stage of organic solvent extract fraction. ConclusionMicrocalorimetry is a new and useful mean for the study on the biothermodynamic parameters and characteristics of Radix Isatis which can be helpful to investigate the other models using microcalorimetry.

Objective:To compare the bioactivities of Taohua anti-diarrhea granula prepared by two different methods based on biothermo-kinetics study.Methods:The coarse and fine powder preparations of Taohua decoction were prepared.Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli(E.coli)growth after treated by the two preparations to evaluate their bioactivities.Results:The values of growth rate constant k and maximum heat-out power Pm declined with the concentration increase of the 2 preparations;meanwhile,the values of peak time of the highest peak tm and growth inhibitory ratio I increased with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The results showed that the growth of E.coli was inhibited and the inhibitory effect was strengthened with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The IC50 was 35.9 mg/ml for the coarse powder preparation and 31.4 mg/ml for the fine powder preparation.Aggregate analysis of the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of E.coli indicated that the fine powder preparation of Taohua decoction had stronger inhibitory action against E.coli growth than the traditional coarse powder preparation.Conclusion:Microcalorimetry can be used to examine the bioactivity differences of the fine and coarse preparations of Taohua decoction.Superfine comminution may increase the inhibitory action of Taohua decoction.

The current official quality control approaches meet the challenges from the complexity of herbal medicines.In fact,any herbal medicines containing numerous unknown components,its curative effect usually depends on the whole of herbal medicines,so it is impossible and unnecessary to qualitatively and quantitatively study every component.By investigating the limitations of current quality control approaches for herbal medicines and the difference and similarity in the chemical substantial style as well as quality control pattern of herbal medicines,a new quality control approach for Chinese herbal medicines should be explored and designed.The combination approach of chemical analysis with bioassay is promising to be developed and employed in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines.

Biological evaluation is a critical approach by which the quality standardization of traditional Chinese medicines can be linked to the clinical efficacy and safety, which has become an important aspect in the develop-ment of quality standardization of Chinese medicines. In this article, the necessity and feasibility of the biological e-valuation research were analyzed. Further, the main progress achieved as well as the major problems about the re-search and applications of the biological evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines were discussed, to bring forward a point for consideration or discussion.

OBJECTIVE:To explore a new way for the investigating of processing impact on the property of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)so as to provide new ideas and methods for the scientific research on TCM.METHODS:Ideas of in?vestigating the impact of processing on the property of TCM by using the method of biothermodynamics and setting up a new method system of research and evaluation on TCM were put forward through reviewing and analyzing the status quo and problems of processing impact on property of TCM and the commonness and characteristics between TCM and biothermody?natics.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Theoretically and practically,it is feasible to investigate processing impact on the property of TCM by using biothermodynamic ideas and methods,and it is expected that which can serve as a new visual angle and technical platform in the modernization study of TCM.

OBJECTIVE: To determine ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Jiangshen Capsules by HPLC simultaneously. METHODS: The separation was performed on Kromasil-C18 column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 05% H3PO4 solution ( 21∶ 79) with flow rate of 1. 0mL? min-1 and detection wavelength of 203nm. RESULTS: The linear ranges of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re were 0. 502～ 4. 016? g( r=0. 999 7) and 1. 090～ 8. 720? g( r=0. 999 8) , respectively, with average recovery at 98. 8% ( RSD=1. 24% ) and 99. 4% ( RSD=1. 68% ) , respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quality control of Jiangshen Capsules.

To be a reference to industrial production of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and modernization of CMM and to summarize several relevant articles and consulte some publications about common key technologies in CMM production. Since 2000, some new technologies have been applied to CMM industrial production, such as SFE, macroporous resin extraction, MST, high-speed centrifugal, ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, HSCCC, etc. There are still some problems and difficulties lying in its application to industry. But with the innovation and further research of these new technologies, the application of these technologies to CMM preparation and production may help to expedite the modernization and industrial production of CMM. These technologies will be applied to CMM industrial production with making it more and more vigorous.