There has always been no lack of discussion on Biaoben and Genjie theory in traditional Chinese medical acupuncture circles, but many questions still exist. This article expounds the original meaning of Biaoben and Genjie, traces the origin of the theory and sorts out the questions in Biaoben and Genjie theory, e.g. the difference in the position between Biaoben and Genjie, no record of the location of Genjie of six hand meridians, regularities in meridional qi circulation, understanding and valuing, and application and development to confirm the importance of Biaoben and Genjie theory and to give reference.

Objective To observe the effect of early using butylphthalide injection before and after thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on the clinical prognosis of patients with ultra-early acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A prospective study was conducted, 81 patients with ACI admitted to the Department of Neurology of Tangshan Worker's Hospital from September 2014 to March 2016 were enrolled, and they were divided into a control group (40 cases) and an observation group (41 cases) according to the random number table. Both groups were given routine treatments, such as drugs for lowering blood pressure and blood sugar, decreasing blood lipid to stabilize plaque, neuroprotection, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, etc. On the basis of conventional treatment, the control group was directly treated with rt-PA intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy according to the guidelines of thrombolytic therapy; in the observation group, the patients immediately underwent CT head examination after admission to decide whether the thrombolytic therapy was necessary, if the therapy was decided to be done, during doctors waiting for the laboratory results or transferring patients, IV drip of butylphthalide sodium chloride 100 mL. After IV drip thrombolytic therapy, if the disease condition was stabilized, the head CT was re-examined to exclude intracranial hemorrhage, if no such hemorrhage, IV drip of butylphthalide sodium chloride 100 mL was continuously given, twice daily for consecutive 14 days with the interval between the two times of IV drip being 7 hours daily. When patient's condition was changed, the re-examination of head CT could be done at any time; if the patient's condition was not changed, the head CT was routinely performed 24 hours after IV drip thrombolysis. After exclusion of intracranial hemorrhage, the patients in both groups were treated additionally by the platelet aggregation drug on the basis of their original treatment. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Bartherl index (BI) scores were recorded before and after treatment, and the recovery situation of neurological function, hemorrhage conversion rate, mortality and adverse reactions were observed after thrombolysis. Results After treatment, the NIHSS scores were lower, and the BI index scores were higher than those before treatment in the two groups, and the change in the observation group after 14 days of treatment was more significant (NIHSS score: 3.87±3.46 vs. 7.37±4.18, BI score: 87.38±9.34 vs. 75.67±8.05, both P < 0.05); the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [73.2% (30/41) vs. 55.0% (22/40), P < 0.05], the rate of bleeding conversion rate was lower than that of the control group [2.4% (1/41) vs. 7.5% (3/40), P < 0.05], the difference in fatality rate between the two groups was not statistically significant [2.4% (1/41) vs. 2.5% (1/40), P > 0.05]. Conclusion The clinical therapeutic effect of butylphthalide injection is relatively good for treatment of patients with ultra-early ACI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression in caricinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer.

METHODSWe studied MMP-7 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in adjacent mucosa and primary foci of 113 cases of gastric cancer by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method using anti-MMP-7 and anti-CD34 antibodies. MMP-7 expression and mean MVD were compared with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer, with the relationship between MMP-7 expression and MVD concerned in gastric cancer.

RESULTSMMP-7 showed positive expression in adjacent mucosa of gastric cancer (29.20%, 33/113), less than that in gastric cancer (69.03%, 78/113). MMP-7 expression in primary foci of gastric cancer was positively correlated with tumor size, invasive depth, metastasis and TNM staging (P<0.05), but not with differentiation or growth pattern of gastric cancer (P>0.05). Positive correlation of mean MVD with tumor size, invasive depth, metastasis and TNM staging was found (P<0.05), despite no relationship between mean MVD and differentiation of gastric cancer (P>0.05). Mean MVD was dependent on MMP-7 expression in gastric cancer (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONUpregulated expression of MMP-7 played an important role in carcinogenesis and progression by participating in growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. MMP-7 expression could be regarded as an effective and objective marker to reflect the biological behaviors of gastric cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective: To investigate the ethical decision-making process of breaking confidentiality when counselors dealing with self-inflicted injury and suicide issues in college situation. Methods: A semi-structural interview was addressed to 10 counselors from 7 college counseling centers in Beijing, among whom with (10 ± 8) years of experience on average in this field. Content analysis method was used to transcription of the interviewing data. Results: Totally 8 counselors had received ethical training more or less, and attached great importance to ethical codes. There were still some conflicts between school regulations and confidentiality rules in 7 university counseling centers. Different counselors varied greatly in decision-making on breaking confidentiality when facing college students' self-inflicted injury and suicide. Faced with conflicts between college demands and confidentiality principles, counselors could take the professional standpoint and consider more of the interests of students. Conclusion: The decision-making process on self-inflicted injury and suicide confidentiality breakthrough needs to be standardized. College's attention and support to the counseling work should be strengthen and enhance ethical awareness.

Gastric cancer is a common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, and the global trend in morbidity and mortality are not encouraging. Especially in advanced gastric cancer, patient survival outcome is an essential clinical concern and a vital outcome indicator in clinical outcome assessment. This article reviews the definition of clinical outcome assessment and the measurement tools that can be applied in gastric cancer patients, describes the detailed classification of clinical outcome assessment tools, and reviews the current status of the application of clinical outcome assessment in gastric cancer, analyzing the effects and shortcomings of its application, to provide a reference for the clinical staff in choosing the appropriate tools, and assisting in the comprehensive and holistic assessment of clinical outcomes for the promotion of the development of precision medicine.

Gastric cancer is a common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, and the global trend in morbidity and mortality are not encouraging. Especially in advanced gastric cancer, patient survival outcome is an essential clinical concern and a vital outcome indicator in clinical outcome assessment. This article reviews the definition of clinical outcome assessment and the measurement tools that can be applied in gastric cancer patients, describes the detailed classification of clinical outcome assessment tools, and reviews the current status of the application of clinical outcome assessment in gastric cancer, analyzing the effects and shortcomings of its application, to provide a reference for the clinical staff in choosing the appropriate tools, and assisting in the comprehensive and holistic assessment of clinical outcomes for the promotion of the development of precision medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the prediction power of HIV infection risk assessment tool and the applicability in MSM in Guizhou province.Methods:MSM were recruited through snowball sampling method. Questionnaire surveys were conducted among the MSM using HIV infection risk assessment tool, and combined with HIV serologic test results, the risk prediction power of HIV infection risk assessment tool was evaluated.Results:A total of 3 379 MSM were recruited from January 2018 to December 2019 in Guizhou. The HIV infection rate was 3.3%(111/3 379). The mean risk scores of HIV positive and HIV negative MSM were (12.15±3.08) and (12.07±3.07), respectively. The difference in risk score was significant between MSM with different HIV status ( t=8.69, P<0.001). According to the principle of decision tree, individual risk scores were divided into following three categories: ≤11.96, 11.97-14.80 and >14.80, the HIV infection rate was 0.8%, 4.3% and 8.6% respectively, suggesting that the higher the individual risk score was, the higher the HIV infection rate was (trend χ 2=88.18, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the individual risk score was, the higher the risk of HIV infection was. Compared to the total score ≤11.96, the a OR values at total scores of 11.97-14.80 and >14.80 were 6.34 (95% CI: 3.38-11.88) and 14.07(95% CI: 7.44-26.61), respectively. The risk of HIV infection in Miao ethnic group was higher than that in Han ethnic group (a OR=1.83, 95% CI:1.04-3.21), and the risk of HIV infection in those with education level of primary school and below was higher than that in undergraduates or those with education level of junior college and above (a OR=2.50, 95% CI:1.06-5.88), and the risk of HIV infection was higher in those who had bisexual behaviors than in those who had homosexual behaviors (a OR=1.95, 95% CI:1.19-3.19). The risk of HIV infection was higher in those who had never received HIV testing (a OR=1.53, 95% CI:1.01-2.33). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC (AUC) for HIV infection prediction was 0.751 (95% CI:0.710-0.792, P<0.001). The maximum Youden's index was individual risk score of 12.56, and the sensitivity of the risk assessment tool was 0.838, and its specificity was 0.412. Conclusions:The results of HIV infection risk assessment tool in Guizhou indicated that in MSM the higher the individual risk score, the higher the risk of HIV infection is. The tool can be used to evaluate the risk of HIV infection in MSM, but the specificity should be improved.

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of cardiac function,local inflammation level and macrophage M2 polarization in mice with acute myocardial infarction(AMI after electroacupuncture preconditioning at the Neiguan point,and to explore the possible mechanisms from the perspective of regulating the DNA-PK/Rictor/Myc signaling pathway.METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 10 mice in each group.The electroacupuncture group received bilateral electroacupuncture interventions at the Neiguan points,sparse-dense wave,2/15 Hz,1 mA,20 min/time,once a day for 3 consecutive days,and AMI models were performed 0.5 h after the electroacupuncture interventions.The myocardial ischemia model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending branch.Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac ejection frac-tion(EF and fractional shortening(FS to evaluate cardiac function;HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of myocardium and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes,and immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect IL-1β,TNF-α and NLRP3 in infarcted myocardium and peripheral blood to evaluate the level of inflammation;flow cytometry was used to detect cardiac macrophage polarization status,and Western blot method to detect the protein expression levels of DNA-PK,p-DNA-PK,Rictor and Myc in infarcted myocardium.RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the model group showed significantly lower EF and FS(P<0.000 1,significant inflammatory cell infiltration,significantly higher cardiomyocyte apoptotic index(P<0.001,up-regulated expression of IL-1β,NLRP3 and TNF-α in the myocardium and serum(P<0.01,P<0.001,a significant increase in the percentage of macrophages(P<0.001,a decrease in the percentage of cardiac M2-type macrophages(P<0.000 1,and a significant decrease in the expression levels of p-DNA-PK,Rictor and Myc proteins in myocardium(P<0.05,P<0.000 1.Compared with the model group,EF and FS were significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group(P<0.000 1,inflammatory cell infiltration was re-duced,cardiomyocyte apoptotic index was decreased(P<0.01,and the expression of IL-1β,NLRP3 and TNF-α was down-regula-ted in myocardium and serum(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001;the macrophage percentage was decreased(P<0.05,cardiac M2-type macrophage percentage was increased(P<0.01,and p-DNA-PK,Rictor and Myc protein expression was enhanced in myocardium(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.000 1.CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture preconditioning may promote macrophage M2 polarization,attenuate local inflammation,and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by modulating the DNA-PK/Rictor/Myc signaling pathway,thus im-proving cardiac function and achieving myocardial protective effects.

Objective To explore the differences in scapular motion and shoulder function between patients suffering from rotator cuff tears(RCT)with and without type Ⅲ scapular dyskinesis(SD).Meth-ods Between September 2021 and March 2023,sixteen patients suffering from rotator cuff tears with SD(SD group)and 17 counterparts without SD(non-SD group)were recruited from the Sports Hospital of the General Administration of Sport of China.Their scapular motion was assessed by measuring three parameters in the X-rays,including scapular spine line(LSS),scapular upward rotation angle(SU-RA),and coracoid upward shift distance(CUSD).Moreover,their shoulder range of motion in flexion,abduction and external rotation were recorded,and further evaluated using the Pain Visual Analog Scale(VAS)and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score(ASES).Results No significant differenc-es were found between the two groups in the average score of SURA,CUSD and LSS at 0°～30° shoul-der abduction,or in that of CUSD and LSS at 60°～90°shoulder abduction.However,the average SU-RA score of the SD group at 60°～90°shoulder abduction was significantly greater than the other group(P<0.05).The shoulder ranges of motion during active flexion,abduction and external rotation were significantly smaller in the SD group than in the non-SD group(P<0.05).Moreover,the average VAS score in the SD group was significantly higher than the non-SD group(P<0.05),while the average ASES score was significantly lower than the latter group(P<0.05).Conclusions RCT patients type III SD exhibits greater scapular upward rotation during shoulder abduction compared to those without SD.Moreover,the former patients suffer from more severe pain and have worse shoulder range of motion and functional performance than the latter.

Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms ; Testosterone ; Prolactin ; Estradiol ; Testosterone Congeners ; China