Objective: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma 143B cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods: Osteosarcoma 143B cells were treated with gradient concentrations of Rg3 (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 µmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, comparing with a control group of 143B cells treated with DMSO. The effects of Rg3 on the viability and proliferation of 143B cells were measured by MTT assay and colony-forming assay, respectively. Then the value of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated in order to screen the optimal drug concentrations and its action time. The apoptosis of 143B cells was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining and its cell cycle distribution was detected by FCM method. The migration and invasion abilities of 143B cells were detected by scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The Western blotting was used to detect the proliferation marker PCNA and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-Caspase 3, as well as the expression level of migration-and invasion-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7. Finally, Luciferase Gene Reportor System was used to screen the signaling pathways regulated by Rg3. The expression levels of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and p-CREB were measured by Western blotting. Results: Comparing with the control group, Rg3 in the concentration of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 µmol/L could cause the inhibition of the proliferation of 143B cells which had a positive relationship with the concentration and action time (P < 0.001), and the IC50 of Rg3 to 143B cells was (51.00±3.46µmol/L. Furthermore, Rg3 inhibited the expression of PCNA at mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). In addition, Rg3 could also promote the apoptosis of 143B and inhibit their migration and invasion abilities (all P < 0.05). The expression levels of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in 143B cells treated with Rg3 was down-regulated, while the expression level of the proteins Bax and cleaved-Caspase3 were up-regulated remarkably (all P < 0.05). The expression level of migration-and invasion-related proteins MMP-2 and MMP-7 were also decreased (all P < 0.05). At the same time, the transcriptional activity of CREB was impaired, and the expression levels of p-AKT, p-CREB were decreased remarkably (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Rg3 can inhibit the proliferative, imaginational and invasive of osteosarcoma 143B cells, and also induced its apoptosis, which may be related with the depression of the activation of CREB signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the constituents and resistant tendency of bacterial pathogens isolated from diarrheal patients in our hospital form 1994 to 2005 to offer the basis for guiding epidemiologic study,vaccination research and clinical treatment. Methods Enteric pathogenic bacteria were cultured and identified to species,group and serotype with biochemical and serologic methods and the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents were tested. Results Enteric pathogenic bacteria were isolated predominantly in male patients and mainly in children and youngsters. It reached a peak from July to September every year. Shigella spp.(75.11%) was the most frequendy isolated pathogens and followed by Vibrio spp.(12.7%),Salmonella spp.(6.28%),Aeromonas spp.(4.43%) and Escherichia coli(1.25%).During the period from 1994 to 2005,diarrheal pathogens had a trend of decrease especially Shigella spp.and Salmonella spp.. Of the 6329 isolates of Shigella spp., 75.62% was S. flexneri and S.soanei,S.dysenteriae and S. boydii constituted 23.98%,0.22% and 0.01% respectively.The sensitivity of different species,group or serotype to different antimicrobial agents was not the same.S.flexneri and Aeromonas spp. were highly resistant to most of antibiotics. However, S.sonnei and Vibrio spp.had good susceptibility to antibiotics tested except trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Conclusion There are many species and serotypes of enteric pathogenic bacteria causing infective diarrhea and the distribution changes gradually in Beijing. The resistance rate of enteric pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics is not the same in different species and serotypes.so strict surveillance iS always needed.

Objective:To search and evaluate the literatures on the application of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation technique (MI-E) in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in China and abroad, and to summarize the best evidence to provide evidence-based basis for clinical practice.Methods:The literatures related to the use of MI-E technique in invasive mechanical ventilation patients were searched from the establishment of the database to April 1, 2022 in BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate Clinical Advisor, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), medlive, Cochrane Library, Joana Briggs Instiute, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Website of American Association for Respiratory Care, including guideline, expert consensus, clinical decision, evidence summary, systematic review and randomized controlled trial. The JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Expert Consensus Evaluation Criteria (2016) was used to evaluate the quality of the included systematic reviews; the JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Evaluation Criteria for Randomized Controlled Trials was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trial. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of literature, and extracted and summarized the evidence based on professional judgment.Results:A total of 7 literatures were enrolled, including 3 systematic reviews and 4 randomized controlled trials. After quality evaluation, 7 articles were all enrolled. Thirteen best evidences were formed from four aspects of indications, contraindications, parameter settings, and attention.Conclusions:The study summarizes the best evidence for the application of MI-E technique in invasive mechanical ventilation patients. It is recommended that medical staff undergo professional training, combined with their professional judgment as well as the patient's clinical specific conditions and willingness, and accurately apply MI-E technology to invasive mechanical ventilation patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum markers β amyloid (Aβ), tau and thyroid hormone levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in the acute phase of cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 214 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled. The baseline data and serological indicators were collected and the cognitive function of patients was evaluated. All patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and normal group based on follow-up results. The differences of Aβ1-42, tau protein and thyroxine levels between the two groups and their relationship with disease progression were analyzed. The Cox regression analysis and ROC curve were used to compare the above parameters to predict the development of PSCI. Results The total protein level of Tau (210.6 ±98.9 pg/mL) was higher and Aβ1-42 (426.1 ±123.5 pg/mL) and triiodothyronine (T3) (1.43 ±0.57 nmol/L), free thyroxine (FT4) (13.15±2.23 pmol/L) was significantly lower in the cognitive impairment group than in the normal group (P<0.05). Tau protein (r=-0.457), Aβ1-42 (r=0.348), T3 (r=0.211), and FT4 (r=0.306) were all associated with disease progression (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that Aβ1-42 and T3 were important influencing factors in the occurrence of PSCI. The area under the curve of Aβ1-42 combined with T3 was 0.841. The specificity and the sensitivity were 74.8% and 85.3%, respectively, with a diagnostic cutoff value of 0.572. Conclusion Aβ1-42 and T3 levels in the acute phase of cerebral infarction may predict the progression of PSCI.