Objective: To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women. Methods: Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 31.00 (5.00) years and a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00 (3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meat-dessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern (OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern (OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. Conclusion Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM. Key words： gestational diabetes mellitus dietary pattern pregnant woman low carbohydrate diet

Objective To design a complex hepatitis C vires(HCV)=E1 antigen,and to search its application in HCV vaccine and diagnosis test.Methods Through consulting the database and widely comparison of sequences from HCV E1 of different genotype,the representative immunodominant epitope sequences were selected from all the six genotypes.Their genes were deduced according to the preference codon in E.coli and three fragments were designed to contain the six epitopes.They were chemically synthesized and cloned into pBVIL1 vector separately.The cloned fragments were conjugated together profiting from pBVIL1's property,and then a doubled pan-DR helper T cell epitopes(PADRE)gene was inserted to form a complex expression plasmid.The transformed E.coli cells with this plasmid were cultured and induced to express recombinant protein and the antigenic activity of the product was tested.Results An expressing plasmid containing 8 epitopes from HCV genotype 1a,1b,2a,3a,4a,6a and a doubled PADRE sequences was constructed successfully and the engineering E.coli transformed with this plasmid highly expressed after inducing culture at 42℃ in an inclusion manner.The immunological activity of the purified recombinsnt multi-epitope antigen shows that:(1)It can react with a great part of sera from HCV positive patients by indirect ELISA.(2)It can induce notable specific humoral immunity in injected mice.Conclusion The novel constructed expressing plasmid and its product may be useful in study of a newly HCV vaccine as well as an antigen for HCV immunoassays.

Objective To obtain different fragments of human carboxypeptidase H,and evaluate the diagnostic application of the recombination carboxypeptidase H in detecting autoantibody.Methods The coding gene of carboxypeptidase H was ob-tained by RT-PCR.The corresponding prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed and transformed into E.coli to in-duce the expression of the recombination different fragments of carboxypeptidase H.Using these antigen fragments as the coating antigens,the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was established for the detection of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody in 95 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.Results Three fragments of human carboxypeptidase H were obtained,in which the 42~476aa fragment antigen was ideal one.Using the full-length carboxypeptidase H as coating anti-gen,the positive rate of carboxypeptidase H autoantibody was 8.42%.Conclusion Because of the favorable antigenicity,the 42~476aa fragment antigen of carboxypeptidase H could be the candidate antigen for discrimination and diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of high tibial osteotomy(HTO) plus arthroscopic surgery in the treatment of medial gonarthrosis.Methods:From January 2017 to May 2018, 40 patients were treated at Department of Joint Orthopaedics, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University and at Department of Joint Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to China Medical University for medial gonarthrosis. They were divided into 2 groups according to their different treatment methods. Group A was treated by HTO plus arthroscopic surgery; there were 20 cases, 8 males and 12 females with an age of 59.7 years ± 5.5 years. Group B was treated by only HTO; there were also 20 cases, 10 males and 10 females with an age of 58.2 years ± 4.3 years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, visual analogue scale (VAS), hip knee ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA) and posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences between them in the preoperative general data ( P>0.05). The HSS and VAS scores at 6 months after operation in group A (82.7±2.4 and 1.7±0.7) were significantly better than those in group B (78.4±2.6 and 2.2±0.8) ( P<0.05); the HSS score at 12 months after operation in group A (88.1±1.8) was significantly better than that in group B (82.9±1.7) ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 group in the VAS score at 12 months after operation, or in the HSS or VAS scores at 24 months or at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences either in the HKA, MPTA or PTSA scores between postoperative 6, 12, 24 months and the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of medial gonarthrosis, high tibial osteotomy plus arthroscopic surgery may lead to better short-term outcomes than high tibial osteotomy alone, but the 2 methods may result in similar curative efficacy by 24 months after surgery.

Objective:To explore mechanical stability of Proximal Humeral Internal Locking Plate System (PHILOS) in the treatment of Vancouver B1 femoral periprosthetic fractures by three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods:A three-dimensional finite element model of the femur was established by digital medical software (Mimics 21.0, 3-matic12.0, Geomagic12.0 and Hypermesh 2017.0) using the CT data of a femur from a volunteer (male, 34 years old, 173 cm in height and 65 kg in weight). After the femoral trochanter was cut in the femoral models, a femoral stem was implanted. PHILOS fixation (PHILOS group) and Cable-Ready GTR fixation (Cable group) were applied respectively. Loads of 700 N, 1,400 N and 2,100 N were applied to the 2 groups of finite element models. Distributions of Von Mises stress and deformation were investigated in the finite element models of 2 internal fixations; the mechanical stability was compared between the 2 groups of models.Results:The maximum deformation occurred on the femoral ball head in the 2 groups of models. At the load of 2,100 N, the maximum deformation was 3.77 mm in the PHILOS group, larger than 3.58 mm in the Cable group, and the maximum stress peak value in the PHILOS group was 491.54 MPa, about 49.2% lower than that in the Cable group (733.61 MPa). The peak stress in the PHILOS group was mainly distributed on the 4th and 5th fixation ends at the bone plate while the peak stress in the Cable group was mainly distributed on the second titanium cable under the fracture line.Conclusions:Under various loads, both PHILOS fixation and Cable-Ready GTR fixation can provide sufficient mechanical stability. As the peak stress of PHILOS fixation is much lower than that of Cable-Ready GTR fixation, PHILOS can be used as an effective fixation method for Vancouver B1 femoral periprosthetic fractures.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the third common type of stroke in the world,and its mortality and disability rates have declined over the past few decades due to the advances in neuroimaging technology and endovascular interventional therapy and promotion of healthy physical examination,but long-term neurological deficits and cognitive impairment of the patients have not significantly improved,which may be related to the white matter injury (WMI) after SAH.Little attention has been paid to WMI after SAH in the past,which may be an important reason for the poor prognosis of the patients with SAH.The neuroin-flammation response is an important pathophysiological process after SAH,and the neuroinflammation after SAH can aggravate WMI.This article reviews the relationship between neuroinflammation and WMI after SAH in order to deepen the understanding of its effects on cognitive function after SAH.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for supine hypotension syndrome (SHS) after spinal anesthesia and establish a predictive model in parturients.Methods:The medical records from pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section were retrospectively analyzed. According to the standard that SBP dropped by 30 mmHg or below 80 mmHg after spinal anesthesia, the parturients were divided into non-SHS group and SHS group. The general data from patients and difference of external iliac vein flow (ΔIVF) during postural changes before anesthesia were collected. The factors with statistically significant differences between groups were included in the logistic regression model, the risk factors were identified and the weighted score regression prediction model was established, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the model.Results:There were 64 parturients developed SHS after spinal anesthesia, with an incidence of 54.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that fetal abdominal circumference, amniotic fluid index, ΔIVF and consumption of norepinephrine were independent risk factors for SHS after spinal anesthesia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.983, 95% confidence interval was 0.968-0.999, the sensitivity was 90.6%, the specificity was 96.2%, and the Youden index was 0.868. The prediction model of the line chart was tested by Hosmer-Lemshow, P=0.984, and the C index visualized the line chart model was 0.983. Conclusions:Fetal abdominal circumference, amniotic fluid index, ΔIVF and consumption of norepinephrine are independent risk factors for SHS after spinal anesthesia in parturients, and the risk prediction model can effectively predict the occurrence of SHS after spinal anesthesia.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of the CHESS endoscpic ruler (CHESS ruler), and the consistency between the measured values and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022, a total of 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled from General Hospital, Xixia Branch Hospital, Ningnan Hospital of People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (29 cases), and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan (25 cases), General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (18 cases), Wuzhong People′s Hospital (10 cases), the Fifth People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (10 cases), Shizuishan Second People′s Hospital (6 cases), Yinchuan Second People′s Hospital (5 cases), and Zhongwei People′s Hospital (2 cases) 8 hospitals. The clinical characteristics of all the patients, including gender, age, nationality, etiolog of liver cirrhosis, and Child-Pugh classification of liver function were recorded. A big gastroesophageal varices was defined as diameter of varices ≥5 mm. Endoscopist (associated chief physician) performed gastroscopy according to the routine gastroscopy procedures, and the diameter of the biggest esophageal varices was measured by experience and images were collected, and then objective measurement was with the CHESS ruler and images were collected. The diameter of esophageal varices of 10 randomly selected patients (random number table method) was determined by 6 endoscopists (attending physician or associated chief physician) with experience or measured by CHESS ruler. Kappa test was used to test the consistency in the diameter of esophageal varices between measured values by CHESS ruler and the interpretation values by endoscopic physician experience.Results:Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, male 65 cases and female 40 cases, aged (54.8±12.2) years old, Han nationality 82 cases, Hui nationality 21 cases and Mongolian nationality 2 cases. The etiology of liver cirrhosis included chronic hepatitis B (79 cases), alcoholic liver disease (7 cases), autoimmune hepatitis (7 cases), chronic hepatitis C (2 cases), and other etiology (10 cases). Liver function of 32 cases was Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B 57 cases, and Child-Pugh C 16 cases. All 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension were successfully measured the diameter of gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler, and the success rate of application of CHESS ruler was 100.0% (105/105). The procedure time from the CHESS ruler into the body to the exit of the body after measurement was (3.50±2.55) min. No complications happened in all the patients during measurement. Among 105 liver cirrhosis patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension, 96 cases (91.4%) were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists. Totally 93 cases (88.6%) were considered as big gastroesophageal varices by CHESS ruler. Eight cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopist, however not by the CHESS ruler; 5 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices by the CHESS ruler, but not by the endoscopists; 4 cases were not recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler; 88 cases were recognized as big gastroesophageal varices both by the endoscopists and CHESS ruler. The missed diagnostic rate of big gastroesophageal varices by the endoscopists experience was 5.4% (5/93), and the Kappa value of consistency coefficient between the measurement by the CHESS ruler and the interpretation by endoscopists experience was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.60). The overall Kappa value of consistency coefficient by 6 endoscopists measured by CHESS ruler in big gastroesophageal varices diagnosis was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93).Conclusion:As an objective measurement tool, CHESS ruler can make up for the deficiency of subjective judgment by endoscopists, accurately measure the diameter of gastroesophageal varices, and is highly feasible and safe.

Objective : To investigate the mechanism of miRNAs in glycyrrhizic acid treatment of alcohol⁃induced liver injury in rats . Methods : 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into glycyrrhizin group , model group and control group . The rats in glycyrrhizin group were given 56% liquor and glycyrrhizin , the rats in model group were given 56% liquor , and the rats in control group were given distilled water for 8 weeks . The blood was collected and the serum was separated by centrifugation to detect the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) . RNA were extracted from liver tissues , miRNAs were detected by rat miRNA microarray , and their expression levels were analyzed . The miRNA target genes of differential miRNA were predicted . Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis were used to understand the function of differential miRNA , and the differential miRNA⁃mRNA⁃Pathway regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape to further screen the regulatory key miRNA and key pathways . qRT⁃PCR was used to verify the expression of selected miRNA . Results : Compared with the model group , the glycyrrhizin group could significantly improve the liver tissue lesions , and reduce the liver serum AST and ALT levels (P < 0. 05) . Compared the microarray data of glycyrrhizin group and model group , a total of 13 differentially expressed miRNA were screened ( P < 0. 05 , fold change ≥ 1 . 5) , of which 10 were up⁃regulated and 3 were down⁃regulated . The GO classification annotation of differential miRNA target genes showed that differential miRNA were related to cell adhesion , antioxidant activity , metabolic process , biological process regulation , cell killing , immune system and other functions . The KEGG Pathway analyling pathway , Hippo signaling pathway , PI3K⁃Akt signaling pathway , wnt signaling pathway , apoptosis and other signaling pathways might play an important regulatory role in the improvement of alcoholic liver injury by glycyrrhic acid . Conclusion This study established the miRNA expression profile of glycyrrhizin in the treatment of alcoholic liver injury in rats , suggested that miR⁃615 , miR⁃107 ⁃3p and miR⁃292⁃5p might play an important role in the treatment of alcoholic liver injury by glycyrrhizin .

Objective:The transjugular or transfemoral approach is used as a common method for hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement in current practice. This study aims to confirm the safety and effectiveness of measuring HVPG via the forearm venous approach.Methods:Prospective recruitment was conducted for patients with cirrhosis who underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach at six hospitals in China and Japan from September 2020 to December 2020. Patients' clinical baseline information and HVPG measurement data were collected. The right median cubital vein or basilic vein approach for all enrolled patients was selected. The HVPG standard process was used to measure pressure. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were used to represent medians (interquartile ranges), while qualitative data were used to represent frequency and rates. The correlation between two sets of data was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results:A total of 43 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, 41 (95.3%) successfully underwent HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach. None of the patients had any serious complications. The median operation time for HVPG detection via forearm vein was 18.0 minutes (12.3~38.8 minutes). This study confirmed that HVPG was positively closely related to Child-Pugh score ( r = 0.47, P = 0.002), albumin-bilirubin score ( r = 0.37, P = 0.001), Lok index ( r = 0.36, P = 0.02), liver stiffness ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01), and spleen stiffness ( r = 0.77, P = 0.01), while negatively correlated with albumin ( r = -0.42, P = 0.006). Conclusion:The results of this multi-centre retrospective study suggest that HVPG measurement via the forearm venous approach is safe and feasible.