Obiective To explore the effect of pulmanory surfactant on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods In a case control study, 25 newborns with NRDS were treated with Exosurf. At the same time, other 25 newbons with NRDS were served as control. The incidence of BPD in two groups was compared. Results The duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy was shortened in the group treated with PS (13 2?9) days vs (6?4) days, (21?9) days vs (9.3?6) days, respectively The incidence of BPD was decreased from 40% to 20%. Conclusion The duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy can be shortened in the newbons of NRDS treated with PS, but the decreasing of the incidence of BPD were not confirmed.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by various reasons is a common severe neonatal clinical disease.The cure rate of the ARDS in newborns increases with the constantly progress of the neonatal intensive care and diagnosis medical technology.However,the motality of ARDS in newborn infants is still very high,about 30％-40％.There is no special therapy with neonatal ARDS and comprehensive treatment is adopted mainly according to its pathophysiologic change and clinical manifestation.The review will summarize the advances in the treatment of neonatal ARDS.

Objective To investigate diagnostic methods and treatment of subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonate (ScFN). Methods The clinical data of a case with ScFN was reported and the etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis were reviewed. Results The case was a 2 days female newborn delivered via cesarean section at full-term, and she came to hospital because of indurated nodules and plaques in the back and shoulders. Anti-infection treatment after admission was not effective. On the 10th day in hospital, the back lesions appear as soft and lfuctuant and then diagnosed as ScFN by biopsy which showed a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration. The patient was followed up with good prognosis. Conclusions ScFN is a benign self-limiting fat disease, mostly occurred in the first four weeks of full-term newborns with history of abnormal childbirth.

Objective　To study the feature of immunoglobulin complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) gene in neonates of different gestational age (GA), and the effect of neonatal maturity on the diversity of CDR3 nucleotide sequence. Methods　DNA were extracted from cord blood of 10 neonates of very immature (25-30 weeks), 12 immature (31-36 weeks), and 11 mature (37-41 weeks). CDR3 sequence was amplified suing nested PCR technique then cloned and sequenced. Results　1. There was a CDR3 length of 29.4±7.8, 32.4±9.2 and 40.8±10.7bp, including NDN length of 13.5±5.6, 16.1±7.8 and 22.0±8.5bp respectively in very immature, immature and mature neonates. 2. DP73 and DP75 were preferentially used in very immature and immature neonates, VH5, DP73 and DP75 were used in mature neonates. The usage rate of DP73 and DP75 reduced, whereas VH5 was raised with GA increasing. 3. For D gene segment, there was a frequent use of DN, DQ52 and DXP in very immature neonates, whereas DXP, DLR and DN in immature and mature neonates. 4. JH4 usage was preferential, followed by JH6 in all neonates, and their usage rate was decreased with GA increasing. 5. 63.3%, 68.8% and 92.0% of CDR3 sequence respectively in very immature, immature and mature neonates have an open reading frame with 303bp long encoding 101 residues. Conclusion　During the early life of neonates, VH-D-JH rearrangement of IgH gene is in an active condition, but the diversity is limited. Humoral immunity is a gradual development with increasing GA. Both heterogeneity and similarity of CDR3 sequence exists in neonates with different GA.

BACKGROUND: Drug treatment has unsatisfactory effect on Alzheimer disease, while many studies have indicated that the transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) is effective on Parkinson disease, cerebral ischemia, etc., but the mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To imitate transplantation environment by co-culture of amyloid β1-40 (Aβ1-40) damaged PC12 cells and MSCs, observe the effect of bi-directional information feedback in the microenvironment on the transdifferentiation of MSCs to nerve cells, and observe its protective effect on the apoptosis of damaged PC12 cells.DESTGN: A comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, China Medical University.MATERIALS: SD rats of 2-3 weeks after birth either male or female were used. PC12 cell lines were purchased from the Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; neuro-specific enolase (1:50, Boster, Wuhan);Methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) 15 μL (terminal concentration of 0.5 g/L).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Center (provincial experimental animal center) of China Medical University from June to July in 2004. Bilateral femurs were aseptically removed from 1 SD rat, and MSCs were identified using CD44 antibody immunofiuorescently. PC12 was used to replace nerve cells. The PC12 cells were stimulated by Aβ1-40 then transferred by Transwell. There were 5 groups: Group A: normally cultured PC12 co-cultured with MSCs; Group B: Aβ1-40 stimulated PC12 co-cultured with MSCs; Group C: normal PC12 supernatant+MSCs; Group D: damaged PC12 supernatant+MSCs; Group E: MSCs cultured with common medium 1640.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Routine immunohistochemical staining was performed. NSE positive cells were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope, 10 visual fields (200×) were randomly selected to count the positive cells. MTT metabolic rate was used to detect the proliferation of MSCs in each group. The differences of measurement data were compared using the one-way analysis of variance.fluorescent and bright fields, NSE positive cells appeared as red fluorescence, MSCs were bipolar, multipolar and cone shapes, and appeared as neuron-like forms with dendrite-like structure, and there were extensive connections among some neuron-like cells. The NSE positive rates was obviously higher in group B than groups A, C, D and E (P ＜ 0.01 ).in groups A, C, D and E (F=9.713, P＜ 0.01).

Objective To establish the co-culture system of marrow stromal cells (MSCs)and A?1-40 injured PC12 in vitro and to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of the system inhibiting apoptosis of PC12 induced by A?1-40.Methods MSCs and PC12 were cultured in vitro and identified by CD44 immunofluorescent staining;PC12 were damaged by A?1-40,and transferred by transwell followed by the classification into 5 groups. PI and Annexin-V co-fluorescent staining was performed,then PC12 apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and EM;Supernatant was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) to detected TGF-?,NGF,BDNF,and bFGF. Results About 96% MSCs showed CD44 positive cells. Co-culture group had the lowest rate of PC12 apoptosis(46.17%?8.28%,F=61.637,P0.05). Conclusion The co-culture system of MSCs and A?1-40 injured PC12 in vitro could inhibit apoptosis of PC12 induced by A?1-40. Thus grafted MSCs have the possibility to inhibit neuronal apoptosis by A?in the diseased brain.

Objective To establish a stable and reproducible experimental method of dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of perihematomal cerebral blood flow after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats, and to study its validation. Methods Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ICH groups and sham-operated groups. ICH was produced by microinjection of 40 ?l fresh autologous blood or saline into the right caudatum. Dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of regional cerebral blood flow adjacent to hematomas was performed. Then, rats were sacrificed, and the TTC stain and histopathological examination were carried out. The ratios of side-to-side were measured at the regions around the hematomas by personal computer aided mapping. Results The gradient of perihematomal hypoperfusion was revealed by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps in ICH groups. The alternation of rCBF around the hematomas were fluctuated, and rCBF reduction was most pronounced at 1 hour after ICH, then, the rCBF gradually returned, and returned to the peaks at 6 hours and 24 hours after ICH respectively. TTC stain did not show infarction around the hematoma. Histopathological study demonstrated there was a transitional zone between ICH and the normal brain tissue, and the astrocytic swelling and neuronal degeneration were observed in the peri-ICH regions. The inflammatory cell infiltration and capillaries hyperplasia were also seen around the ICH. Conclusion The method of dynamic CT perfusion imaging in measurements of perihematomal cerebral blood flow after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats is stable and accurate. Perfusion CT and its parameter analysis may play an increasing role in delineating the hypoperfusion around hematomas. The experimental method is suitable and validated to the study of secondly injury after ICH in vivo.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding retinal vascular disease that occurs in premature infants and low birth weight infants.Along with the development of perinatal medicine,the incidence of ROP has increased.If infants with ROP could get treatment in time,the disability rate due to ROP would significantly reduce.Now,the present situation and advances in treatment of ROP were reviewed.

Purpoes: To discuss the MRI manifestation and classification of discoid lateral meniscus and improve the accuracy of MRI diagnosis for discoid meniscus.Materials and Methods: 70 cases of discoid meniscus verified by arthroscopy were divided into impuberal group(n=30) and adult group (n =40).Following three quantitative parameters were measured.The meniscal width and tibial plateau width on the coronal slice showing the inttercondyloid spine( a),the number of the spine showing butterfly change when the layer thickness was 4mm(b) and the maximum width showing butterfly change on the sagittal slice(c).The discoid meniscus were classified as slab type (n=33),wedge type(n = 19),hypertrophied - horn type(n= 18) according to their shape.Results:69 cases had torn in different extent,a>or =20% (P<0.01) in all of cases.No significant difference in the incidence of each type existed between two groups(P>0.05).Significant difference in the incidence of each type existed in c(P<0.05).Conclusions: a >or = 20% is the most reliable criterion to diagnose discoid meniscus.Using b as the criterion of discoid meniscus is easy to occur missed diagnosis,c in the wedge type is bigger than the one in the hypertrophied type.Age can impact the classification of discoid meniscus.

Objective To explore the effects of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of lung injury and observe the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Methods The lung histopathology was observed by light microscope. The level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2?lpha (8-iso-PGF2?) in blood plasm were measured by ELISA. The difference of 8-iso-PGF2? in blood plasm in air group, different dose NAC groups between hyperoxia-model and the air group was compared. Results In hyperoxia-model group, the inequality of size of lung alveoli, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung alveoli were observed on the 3rd and 7th day. The alveolar septum was thick in the hyperoxic-damaged lungs on the 14th and the 21st day. In hyperoxia+high-dose NAC group, very small amounts of red blood cells leaked out into alveoli on the 3rd and 7th day and alveolar septum had no thickening obviously on the 14th day and the 21st day. The level of 8-iso-PGF2? in blood plasm in hyperoxia-model group [(28.33?5.57) pg/ml, (51.21?15.01) pg/ml, (84.54?14.85) pg/ml and (43.14?11.37) pg/ml at every time points] was higher than that of the air group and hyperoxia+high-dose NAC group(P