BACKGROUND: After acute spinal cord injury (SCI), edema of spinal cord is an important factor for inducing and deteriorating pathological changes of spinal cord tissue. After injury, noradrenaline (NE) instantly causes microvascular contraction, endothelial injury, increase of arterial permeability and participation in edema. Recently, many researches suggest that excitatory amino acids (EAA) are related to cellular edema.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of selective phenol aminergic neuron, 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHNA)and aspartic acid (ASP) on edema after acute SCI.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March to September 2003. A total of 160 Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g of both genders were randomly divided into three groups: 6-OHNA group (n =60), MK-801 group (n =50) and control group (n =50).METHODS: Acute SCI was induced at the level of T13 vertebral body with the static lcad technique. Rats in 6-OHNA group were injected with 6-OHNA into subarachnoid space; rats in MK-801 group were injected with MK-801 into caudal vein; rats in control group did not receive any treatment. The extent of edema was compared in the three groups by means of neurological scoring, water content measurement, light microscopy and electron microscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological scores and water content.RESULTS: All 160 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① After SCl, content of NE in 6-OHNA group was decreased from (217.45±4.26) ng/g to (29.37±2.61) ng/g, and the difference was significant (P＜ 0.01). Edema in spinal cord tissue was effectively inhibited for 24 hours. At 12 hours after SCl, function recovered remarkably and vascular-derived edema was the mildest. ② In MK-801 group, there was no significant suppression of the edema until 24 hours after injury. Early recovery of neurological function was not significantly different from that in control group (P ＞ 0.05), but functional recovery was obvious until 24 hours after injury (P＜0.05). The degree of cytotoxic edema was the lightest.CONCLUSTON: NE can inhibit vascular-derived edema at early phase of SCI, and EAA can inhibit cytotoxic edemas,which develops at a relatively later stage.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatments and prognostic factors of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the female genital tract. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 cases of RMS in the female genital tract. Clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis were compared and analyzed statistically. Results The median age was 21.0 years (range, 6 to 54 years). There were 6 cases vaginal RMS and 7 cases cervical RMS, included 11 cases of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 2 cases of alveolar RMS (ARMS). According to the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)staging system,there were 6 cases of stageⅠ, 3 cases of stageⅡ, 1 case of stageⅢand 3 cases of stage Ⅳ, the median survival time were respectively 112.5, 153.0, 9.0 and 3.5 months. According to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcom Study Group (IRSG) staging system, there were 10 cases of stageⅠ and 3 cases of the stage Ⅳ, and their median survival time were respectively 112.5 and 3.5 months. Nine patients received surgery and the median survival time was 108.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), 6 of them received chemotherapy after surgery and the median survival time was 152.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), the other 3 cases did not receive any therapy after surgery and the median survival time was 25.0 months (range, 9 to 108 months). Four patients did not receive surgery and the median survival time was 6.3 months (range, 1 to 117 months). There were 2 cases received combined treatment included radiotherapy and the survival time were respectively 4 and 198 months. There were 8 cases who was survival without disease and 5 cases died of cancer. The median survival time in 13 patients was 25.0 months (range, 1 to 228 months) and the 5-year overall survival rate was 58.6%. Conclusions The prognosis of early stage of RMS in the female genital tract is good. While, the prognosis of advanced stage is poor. The standard treatment strategy is combination of surgery and chemotherapy,whether radiotherapy could improve the prognosis still need further study.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI)following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative SSI.Methods Clinical data of pa-tients who underwent ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery in a hospital between June 2005 to May 2013 were sur-veyed retrospectively,risk factors for SSI were analyzed.Results Among 356 patients with ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery,22 developed 25 times of SSI,SSI rate was 6.18%,case infection rate was 7.02%.Univariate analysis showed that elderly patients (> 60 years old),history of diabetes,pre-operative calcaneal traction, perioperative irrational antimicrobial use,incision type,and long duration of operation (>3 h)were risk factors for SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery (all P <0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for SSI were incision type(OR,3.58[95%CI ,3.24-12.07]),history of diabetes (OR,2.75[95%CI ,1 .54-4.75]),duration of operation(OR,2.15[95%CI ,1 .32-3.64]),and patients age(OR, 1 .68[95%CI ,1 .25-2.37]).Conclusion Occurrence of SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery is related to multiple factors,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a promising anticancer drug target due to its key role in the DNA repair process. It can polymerize ADP-ribose units on its substrate proteins which are involved in the regulation of DNA repair. In this work, a novel series of para-substituted 1-benzyl-quinazoline-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-diones was designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activities against PARP-1 of compounds 7a-7e, 8a-8f, 9a-9c and 10a-10c were evaluated. Of all the tested compounds, nine compounds displayed inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 4.6 to 39.2 micromol x L(-1). In order to predict the binding modes of the potent molecules, molecular docking was performed using CDOCKER algorithm, and that will facilitate to further develop more potent PARP-1 inhibitors with a quinazolinedione scaffold.

Objective:To investigate the potential pro-apoptotic activity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in human leukemia HL-60 cells,as well as the potential mechanism with focus on mitochondrial pathway.Methods:After treatment with different concentrations of ATO (1 μg/mL,5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL) for 24 h,apoptotic cell death was detected by flow cytometry,oxidative stress was determined by measuring MDA and GSH levels,the expression of apoptotic factors was detected by western blot,and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined by immunofluorescence staining.Results:ATO at the concentrations of 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL induces apoptotic cell death and increases oxidative stress in human leukemia HL-60 cells.ATO significantly increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and Caspase-3),whereas decreases the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2.Compared with the control group,ATO treatment significantly decreases the MMP level in HL-60 ceils.Conclusions:Arsenic trioxide induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Oncology is extensive in contents,covering a wide range of organs,systems and clinical specialties.Here,we discuss the feasibility and necessity of flipping the classroom teaching through the introduction of Oncology and through the implementation of flip classroom teaching for oncology graduate students,this paper analyzes the evaluation of the classroom teaching by the teachers and students,and compares the assessment results of students under different teaching methods.The results show that the flipped class can promote students' initiative learning,promote students' classroom participation,and help students to internalize and consolidate their knowledge of oncology in the theoretical teaching of graduate oncology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect and clinical significance of bone cement on coagulation functions during percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic spinal compression fractures.METHODS: A total of 24 patients, comprising 18 females and 6 males, aged 69 years averagely (range 48-83 years), with 44 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty in Department of Spinal Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University between December 2006 and December 2007. The fracture segment was within T_5-L_3 (20 thoracic vertebrae and 24 lumbar vertebrae). Under the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy, bone marrow biopsy needle was inserted percutaneously via transpedicular way into the fractured vertebrae. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, bone cement) was injected into the fractured vertebrae. The relative parameters were observed in all patients 10 minutes before, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after bone cement implantation, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), plasma protamine paracoagulation test (3P test), and D-dipolymer (D-D). RESULTS: PT was decreased, and FIB, 3P test, D-D were increased 10 minutes after bone cement implantation in percutaneous vertebroplasty peaked at 1 hour and gradually decreased afterward; moreover, there were significant difference between bone cement preimplantation and 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours after bone cement implantation (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in APTT and TT (P > 0.05). The influence of bone cement on the parameters was vanished in 3 hours after bone cement implantation, and all indexes were similar to pre-implantation (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Bone cement implantation causes temporal hypercoagulabale state in percutaneous vertebroplasty. It is important to monitor blood clotting state in 3 hours after bone cement implantation in order to avoid thrombus disease.

Objective To study the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the expression of vascular endotllelial growth factor (VEGF) in human dermal fibroblast. Methods In vitro human dermal fibroblasts in good status were incubated with GM-CSF (GM-CSF group) or non-GM-CSF (control group) culture medium for different periods of time. The mRNA, protein expression of VEGF in derma fibroblast were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively, and the secretion of VEGF in supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results The expression of VEGF mRNA from dermal fibroblasts was increased significantly after l or more hours of incubation with GM-CSF comparing with the control (P＜0.05). 6 hours of stimulation by GM-CSF caused maximal expression of VEGF mRNA. The expression of VEGF protein in dermal fibroblasts was increased from 12 hours and was peaked at 24 hour after stimulation by GM-CSF. VEGF protein from the supernatant of the dermal fibroblasts was also raised persistently from 12 hour after stimulation by GM-CSF and was improved remarkably compared with the control. Conclusions GM-CSF can up-regulate directly the expression of VEGF in human derma fibroblast, which may be one of the mechanisms that GM-CSF accelerates neovascularization in wound healing.

ObjectiveTo understand condition about cost and economic burden of outpatients in countries and townships medical institutions in Xinjiang.MethodsThirty-one medical institution were selected and the cost and income of one-day outpatients were investigated,then the cost of different diseases,age groups and payment methods and the later disease cost burden were analyzed.ResultsOut-patient expenses of top ten common diseases was pneumonia100.12 yuan,injury 85.18 yuan,hypertension and coronary heart disease(CHD) 69.13 yuan,examination and diseases related to pregnancy 49.60 yuan,disease of the genitourinary system 41.71 yuan,enterogastrtis 34.80 yuan,bronchitis 30.72yuan,osteoarthrosis 24.60 yuan,upper respiratory infection ( URI ) 23.63 yuan,scytitis 21.14yuan;The outpatient expenses of those taking part in Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,whose family-month-income was less than 250 yuan,was 18.07 yuan,which disease cost burden was 25.56％.ConclusionThe expenses of infectious diseases in country and township hospitals was in the top ten.The cost of chronic non-communicable diseases was rising significantly;For those participating Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,the outpatient expenses was low and the disease economic burden was higher.

Objective To explore an effective mode for the prevention and control of hypertension in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang by comparing the effect of mode A with that of B in blood pressure-lowering treatment. Methods 1445 patients with hypertension in agricultural and pastoral areas were included in this study. They voluntarily received mode A or B blood pressure-lowering treatment. The changes in heart rate , blood pressure, lipid, and glucose, and the incidences of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and adverse events were noted;and the effect of modes A and B was compared. Results 87.07%of the patients chose mode A group, while 12.93%chose mode B. The rate of pressure control was 70.71%in mode A group and 68.75%in mode B group , with no significant statistical difference (P>0.05). In 12th month of treatment, the decreased level of systolic pressure was (19.09 ± 20.33)mmHg in the group with mode A and (14.14 ± 17.85) mmHg in the group with mode B, showing a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.047); and the declined level of diastolic pressure was (11.17 ± 13.23)mmHg and (8.17 ± 11.17) mmHg, respectively, with no significant statistical difference. Conclusion Mode A blood pressure-lowering treatment can effectively control blood pressure in hypertensive patients living in agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang.