Plastic bronchitis(PB) is an uncommon respiratory disease characterized by formation of casts in tracheobronchial tree.It can lead to airway obstruction, difficulty of breathing and even respiratory failure.PB in children is commonly associated with lower airway infection, cyanotic congenital heart disease and asthma or atopic diseases.It can also be found in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia and cystic fibrosis and so no.There are three main mechanisms for the formation of casts: airway inflammation results in mucus hypersecretion; inflammatory insults lead to necrosis and abscission of the airway epithelium, mucosal edema, and finally cause airway clearance impairment; leakage of chyle from lung lymphatic circulation into airway.But the etiology of this disease is various, pathogenesis is complex.Further research is required to elucidate the pathogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of concomitant chemoradiotherapy for the prevention of recurrence and metastasis of postoperative salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma(SACC).Methods: 14 cases of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma after operation were treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Regular radiotherapy of 60 Gy and chemotherapy with hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) at 10 mg/m 2 , 3 times a week, were administered. HCPT was given in 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th week. Recurrence and metastasis of SACC after operation were observed using CT, MRI, ultrasonography and X ray. Results: After 3～17 months' follow up, relapse free survival was 100%. No recurrence and metastasis of SACC after operation were found. Adverse reactions of the chemotherapy were nausea, vomiting and leukopenia. After suspended in a short time and using ondansetron and /or G CSF the chemotherapy of HCPT was continued and completed. Conclusion: concomitant chemoradiotherapy of HCPT and radiotherapy can prevent recurrence and metastasis of SACC after operation. The efficacy of long term needs further observation.

OBJECTIVENaringenin has been reported to attenuate Mucin (MUC) 5AC secretion in many pathological models. Many stimuli activate MUC5AC expression through JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways. We hypothesized that naringenin may have inhibitory effects on mucous hypersecretion by modulating MUC5AC production and inhibiting JNK/AP-1 signaling pathways.

METHODThe cell model of mucous hypersecretion was made by human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (A549) cells stimulated by RSV. A549 cells were subcultured and then randomly divided into 7 groups, which were designated as group C (cell control group), groups R1-3 (cells were infected with RSV at the multiplication of infection (MOI) of 0. 5, 1. 0, 5. 0), groups N1-2 (cells infected with viruses in presence of Nar 30 - 100 mol/L), groups N3-4 (uninfected cells treated with Nar 30 - 100 µmol/L), group D (DMSO), group S (cells infected with viruses in presence of SP600125). After incubating for 24 hrs, the expression of MUC5AC at mRNA and protein level in the groups were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expression changes of JNK, p-JNK and AP-1 were measured by Western blotting.

RESULTThe expressions of MUC5AC protein and mRNA in all RSV infected groups were significantly higher than that in group C in a dose-dependent manner (all P <0. 05). Nar of 30 and 100 µmol/L significantly and dose-dependently decreased RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC protein in cell supernatant and expression of MUC5AC mRNA (P <0. 05). The relative content of p-JNK, AP-l in R2 groups were 3. 31 ± 0. 34 and 1. 94 ± 0. 05. Theyfrweremtgnificanty increased as compared with group C (both 1. 00 ± 0. 00) (all P <0. 05). The levels of p-JNK in N2 and S groups were 2. 10 ± 0. 20. 27 and 1.±97 ± 0. 16. The levels of AP-1 in N2 and S groups were 1. 40 ± 0. 03, 1. 36 ± 0. 05. Nar and SP600125 led to a largest decrease in levels of p-JNK and AP-1 when compared with group R2 (P <0. 05). The MUC5AC protein in group R2 was (48. 19 ± 0. 47) µg/L. The protein expression of MUC5AC in group R2 was significantly higher than that in group C [(36. 67 ± 1. 50) g/L] with a statistically significant difference (P <0. 05). The protein expression of MUC5AC in groups N2 and S were(43. 17 ± 1. 06) µg/L, (44.±02 ± 0. 99) µg/L, Nar and SP600125 remarkably inhibited RSV-induced secretion of MUC5AC in supernatant of A549 cells (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSNaringenin might be able to block RSV-induced mucous

Adenocarcinoma ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelial Cells ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mucin 5AC ; secretion ; Mucus ; secretion ; Random Allocation ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; drug effects

Objective:To investigate the potential pro-apoptotic activity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in human leukemia HL-60 cells,as well as the potential mechanism with focus on mitochondrial pathway.Methods:After treatment with different concentrations of ATO (1 μg/mL,5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL) for 24 h,apoptotic cell death was detected by flow cytometry,oxidative stress was determined by measuring MDA and GSH levels,the expression of apoptotic factors was detected by western blot,and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined by immunofluorescence staining.Results:ATO at the concentrations of 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL induces apoptotic cell death and increases oxidative stress in human leukemia HL-60 cells.ATO significantly increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and Caspase-3),whereas decreases the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2.Compared with the control group,ATO treatment significantly decreases the MMP level in HL-60 ceils.Conclusions:Arsenic trioxide induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of open-mouth jaw plate in the treatment of condylar fracture in children. Method: Open-mouth plates in the height of 2～3 cm were respectively made in op e n-mouth position for 12 children aged 3～6 years old with condylar fractures an d used by the children with the help of doctors or parents for 3～6 months.Follo w -up was carried out by clinical observation and X-ray radiograph.Re sults: Satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients examine d by clinical observation and X-ray radiograph. Conclusion: The method of open-mouth plate is effective in the treatment of condylar f racture in children.

Objective:To summarize the experience in clinical diagno sis of lymphonode reactive hyperplasia (LRH). Methonds: 39 cases with the final pathological diagnosis of lymphonode reactive hyperplasia were retrospectively reviewed.Results: 39 patients had th e incidence at the age of 7～61 years old and the medical history of 14 days ～8 years.The patients consulted doctors because of unilateral or bilateral painles s masses in the superior neck and low fever.32 of them underwent repeated antib iotics treatment.On admission 9 cases were diagnosed with lymphoma,6 tuberculos is,6 inflammation of lymph node and 18 were without identified diagnosis.The f inal pathological diagnoses of all the 39 cases was LRH.Antibiotic treatment wa s effective in the patients.Conclusion:LRH was usually mis diagnosed as other diseases.Swelling of lymph nodes in superior neck with low fe ver is the main symptom of LRH.

Objective To analyze the high risk factors of blood infection in Chinese citizens' organ donation,provide the basic evidence for early protection,increase the success rate of donor distribution,and expand the Chinese organ donation pool.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 70 cases of donation recruited during October 2014 to January 2016.The incidence of blood infection in these donors was analyzed.The univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to find out the high risk factors influencing the donor blood infection.Finally,the donor blood infection assessment model and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were established to assess the sensitivity and specificity.Results The overall infection rate was 64.3％ (45/70).The pulmonary,blood,and urinary tract infection rate was 42.9％,31.4％ and 1.4％ respectively.The total length of hospital stay (＞10 days) (P =0.017),oxygenation index (＜ 233.5 ± 107.0) (P =0.046),aspartate aminotransferase (＞196.9 ± 329.1 U/L) (P =0.044),and valley alanine aminotransferase (＞95.0 ± 78.1 U/L) (P =0.026) were four risk factors for predicting the donor blood infection.The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the total length of stay ＞10 days along with the donors' oxygenation index (＜233.5 ± 107.0) was independent risk factor for predicting the blood infection.The donor blood infection model was:0.193 + 1.753 hospital stay (＞10 days)-0.007 oxygenation index.The sensitivity and specificity were 0.682 and 0.75 (P ＜0.001) respectively.Conclusion For a long-term stay in ICU,the rate of blood infection for donors was much higher,at this time,the most effective antibiotics should be chosen.Besides,improving donor oxygenation index and liver function can reduce the incidence of infection.

Objective To evaluate the effects of psychological nursing process on the quality of life and its related factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods Ninety maintenance hemodialysis patients from September 2013 to September 2014 were selected as research object,and they were divided into control group 45 cases and observation group 45 cases by random digits table method.The patients in control group received routine psychological intervention,while the patients in observation group received psychological intervention with nursing process.The two groups were evaluated and compared with Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire score (SF-36), Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease(SEMCD) and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) before and after the intervention at 6th and 12th month.The score changes of each scale were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance.Results The number of patients that had completed the whole intervention process was 42 in control group and 44 in observation group.The SF-36 scores of two groups were all increased gradually with the extension of intervention time (time effect, all P＜0.01), but compared with control group, observation group had a trend towards better SF-36 score except for the dimension of physical functioning(interactive effect, all P＜0.01).In all dimensions of SF-36, the scores of physical role,general health,vitality and social function in observation group as a whole were higher than those in control group (group effect, all P＜0.05).Similarly, the SEMCD and PSSS scores of two groups were all increased gradually with the extension of intervention time (time effect, all P＜0.01), but the increasing trend of observation group was more obvious than control group (interactive effect, all P＜0.01).Conclusions The application of psychological nursing process can effectively improve the life quality of maintenance hemodialysis patients, and have a satisfied long-term effect,which may be related to the continuous improvement of psychological nursing process on the self-efficacy and perceived social support of the patients.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that sodium arsenite can cause the malignant transformation and tumorigenicity of HaCaT cels, but whether low concentrations of sodium arsenite can cause the malignant transformation is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of sodium arsenite on the malignant transformation of human immortalized keratinocyte cel lines.
METHODS:HaCaT cels were treated with different concentrations of sodium arsenite. MTT assay was used to determine the effect of sodium arsenite on HaCaT cel morphology and proliferation, flow cytometry used to detect the effect of sodium arsenite on HaCaT cel cycle, and soft agar colony formation experiments assay used to determine the effect of sodium arsenite on HaCaT cel colony formation capacity.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: HaCaT cels grew wel when the concentration of sodium arsenite was 5 mol/L, but the cel growth was inhibited under intervention with 10 and 50 mol/L sodium arsenite. HaCaT cels treated with 0.1 mol/L sodium arsenite were passaged to the 20th generation, and cel morphology had no notable changes; cels at passage 25 exhibited enlarged size and multiple nucleoli, which had a continued proliferation trend. Compared with the primarily cultured cels, 0.1 mol/L sodium arsenite-treated HaCaT cels at passages 15 and 25 had an increased proportion at S phase and G2/M phase, with strengthened proliferation ability and increased colony-forming efficiency, and moreover, the proliferation ability and colony-forming efficiency of passage 25 cels were higher than those of passage 15 cels. These experimental data show that high concentrations of sodium arsenite reduce HaCaT cel viability, and low concentrations of sodium sulfite have a certain influence on the morphology, cel cycle, proliferation ability and colony-forming efficiency of HaCaT cels, and moreover, the proliferation ability and colony-forming efficiency of human immortalized keratinocytes wil be strengthened with the increase of passage.

Objective To investigate the progress of pathology of the perihematomal tissue, and to study the relationship between the pathology and the changes of regional cerebral blood flow after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats. Methods ICH was produced by microinjection of fresh autologous blood into the right caudatum in rats. CT perfusion imaging and computer-aided mapping in measurements of regional cerebral blood flow adjacent to the hematomas were performed in seventy SD rats at 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h respectively after the ICH. The parameters of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV) and mean transit time(MTT) were calculated respectively. After the CT examination, the histopathological examination of TTC, HE and ultrastructure staining were carried out. Results The gradient of perihematomal hypoperfusion was revealed on CT perfusion maps. The rCBF and rCBV around the hematomas reduced pronouncedly, and the MTT delayed. TTC staining did not show infarction around the hematoma. Histopathological study demonstrated the astrocytic swelling and neuronal degeneration in the peri-ICH regions. The inflammory cell infiltration and capillaries hyperplasia were also observed around the ICH. Under the electronic microscope, the pathological changes of ultrastructure were revealed. In the early stage of ICH, there existed swelling of astrocytes, loosing of myelin sheath lamina, but no clear changes occurred in neurons. With the delay of ICH, the cellular injury around hematomas exacerbated progressively, more swelling of astrocytes, slight degeneration of neurons and local fragmentation of myelin sheath lamina were observed.Conclusion The perihemorrhagic and distant ischemic injury can be induced by the pronounced reduction of cerebral blood flow in the early stage of ICH. The cellular injury around hematomas exacerbates progressively in the acute stage of ICH. There is a perihematomal penumbra affecting multiple mechanisms of cellular injury.