Baicalein is an important component of traditional Chinese herb, Scutellariae Radix(Huang Qin), and has various efficacies, including anti bacterial, antivirus, anti inflammation, protecting the liver function, diuresis, anti tumor, and shows good values in clinical application. It was majorly applied to acute or chronic inflammation. This article reviews developments in its pharmacological action and mechanism and provides theoretical evidences for exploiting of baicalein.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of eosinophilic cystitis (EC),and to discuss its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical and pathological data of one case of eosinophilic cystitis were reported.An 86-year-old male with gross hematuria and urinary urgency for 15 days was admitted on 16 March 2015.A computed tomography scan showed uneven thickening of the bladder wall and a nodular soft tissue on the anterior wall protruding into the bladder cavity.Results Cystoscopic examination showed diffuse thickening of the bladder with polypoid red lesions on the anterior wall.Transurethral biopsies revealed infiltrating eosinophils,which was consistent with the diagnosis of EC.The patient was then treated with anti-inflammatory drugs,corticosteroids and anti-histamine drugs.At 6 months of follow-up,the patient was asymptomatic and had no evidence of local recurrence by ultrasonography.Conclusions Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disease without specific clinical and imaging features,which can mimic bladder tumor.The final diagnosis of this disease depends on the pathology.Transurethral resection of the lesion along with postoperative hormone and antihistamines administration are the main choices of treatment.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of spironolactone on schistosomal pulmonary arterial hypertension(SPAH). Methods A total of 62 patients suffered from hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with pulmonary arterial hypertension were divided into the spironolactone group(n=31) and control group (n=31). All the patients underwent serial echocardiography and the clinical effect before and after the treatment was evaluated by assessing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary arterial diameter (PAD). At the same time, the varieties of the clinical symptoms, signs and the distance of the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) were investigated. Results In spironolactone group, mPAP(-x±s) decreased from (31.8±7.1) mmHg to (21.2±2.1) mmHg, PAD(-x±s) decreased from (28.0±5.0) mm to (20.0±3.5) mm before and after the treatment respectively(P<0.01). There were significant differences in mPAP, PAD, the distance of 6-MWT and the heart function before and after the treatment in the spironolactone group. However, the data did not show the significant difference in the control group. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of spironolactone in the treatment of SPAH is satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of laparoscopic cool-tip radiofrequency ablation (LCRFA)for renal cell carcinoma. Methods Twelve selected cases of primary renal, ceil carcinoma underwent LCRFA. Of them, 4 cases of left renal carcinomas, 7 cases had right renal carci-nomas and 1 case had bilateral renal carcinomas. The maximum diameter of the tumors was 2.1-8. 5 era. Eleven cases were T, No M0 and the other one was T2 N0 M0. Results The mean operation time was 92±24 min, and the mean blood loss was 50±29 ml. None of the cases need blood transfusion post-operation. No laparoscopic operative complications were observed. Six weeks after operation, complete ablation was achieved in 12 lesions and partial ablation in 1, with a complete ablation rate of 92.3%(12/13). There was no statistic change of Hb. ESR. SCr and GFR after operations (P>0.05). Ten cases underwent CT examination 3 months after the treatment ,9 cases showed complete necrosis of tumor,1 case showed partial necrosis. No recurrence was found. All of the 12 cases remained sur-vived during the follow-up for 1-16 months(median,7.8 months). Conelusions LCRFA for renal cell carcinoma is an accurate and effective intervention with a low incidence of complications, and is more accurate than ultrasound-guided pereutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

Objective To study the correlation between splenic macrophage (M?) phagocytosis and peripheral blood cell count in cirrhotic portal hypertensive (CPH) patients Methods Spleen M? phagocytosis was measured in 20 CPH patients with hypersplenism and 6 patients with traumatic spleen rupture Results The M? phagocytosis rate in CPH patients was (12 6?3 0)% compared with (6 9?0 5)% in traumatic patients ( P

The vein s near the cardiac area of the stomach were studies in 60 cases of Chines cadavers (26 adults, 34 children). The main results are as follows: The coronary vein (lefe gastric) may be divided into 3 types. Type Ⅰ (2 branches) was found in 55 cases (91.66%.t In 33 cases (55.00%), the gastropancreatic fold was situated on the left side of the vertebral colum, and it ended in the splenic vein in 36 cases (60.00%). The average diameter at its terminal end was 3.81 (2.0-6.0) mm. The cardioesophageal branch may be classified into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) was found most frequently in 55 cases (93.22%), and it ended in the arched portion of the coronary vein in 55 cases (87.30%). The right gastric vein (pylorus) opened into the portal vein in 49 cases (89.09%). The posterior gastric vein may be divided into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) occurred in 45 cases (90.00%). The end of this vein was located in the mid-third of the splenic vein in 41 cases (74.55%). Short gastric veins two to six branches in number, among which three or four branches were most frequently observed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system ( PCNS DLBCL). Methods The data of 70 patients with PCNS DLBCL confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Survival and prognostic analyses were further conducted in the 66 follow-up patients. Results Median age at diagnosis was 57 years old. The ratio of male and female was 1.3∶1. The time from having symptoms to seeking medical advice was less than 2 months in 54 (77.1%) patients. 44 (62.9 %) patients had increased intracranial pressure, and 26 (37.1 %) patients had limb weakness or hemiplegia symptoms. 37 (52.9%) patients were multiple lesions, 59 (84.3%) cases were supratentorial, and 46 (65.7%) cases showed involvement of deep-brain tissues. Among 66 follow-up patients 7 cases received supportive and palliative care, 27 cases received surgery, 6 cases received radiotherapy, 9 cases received chemotherapy alone, and 21 cases received radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 9 months (95 % CI 1-16 months), and the 2-year survival rate was 36.1 %. The median OSs of the supportive and palliative therapy group and the surgery group were 2 months and 3 months, respectively. The median OS of the chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combination group was 33 months (95%CI 22-43 months) and the 2-year OS rate was 56.9 %. The Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the involvement of deep-brain tissues (P=0.04) and not receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy (P=0.00) were related to poor prognosis. Conclusions PCNS DLBCL is a highly aggressive and malignant tumor. Patients undergoing only surgery have poor effect and short survival. The patients with involvement of deep brain tissues have a poor prognosis. The chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combination of them may improve the prognosis.

Objective To discuss the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the assessment of treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with renal tumors.Methods Forty-seven patients (40 renal cell carcinomas and 7 angiomyolipomas of kidney) with 49 renal tumors were treated with RFA. Tumors were ablated by laparoscopy-assisted (n= 30) and open surgical (n= 17) RFA. The CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1 week after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. Results Forty-seven (95. 9%) of 49 tumors were successfully ablated. The mean length of the major axis at the maximal necrotic area was 4. 6 cm. Compared with the lesions before RFA, the necrotic areas were bigger in 45 patients, identical in 3 patients, and smaller in 1 patient. Six lesions showed a residual enhancement at the portion adjacent to the normal renal parenchyma on follow-up CEUS, while 2 were confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for detection of residual tumors were 100. 0% and 91.8%, respectively. All patients survived in the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 21 months. Conclusion CEUS combined with CT could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy of RFA for renal tumors.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for renal cell carcinoma in functional solitary kidney. Methods Five selected cases of primary renal cell carcinoma in a functional solitary kidney were retrospective analyzed. Three cases of left renal cell carcinoma and 2 cases of right renal cell carcinoma were diagnosed by B ultrasound and CT scanning. The maximum diameter of the tumors were 3.0- 6.0 cm. Three cases of which were T1a N0 M0 and the others Were T1bN0M0. All patients were followed up with enhanced-CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Results The mean time of the operation was 100.0+28.5 min, and the mean blood loss was 95.0±30.5 ml. No patients accepted blood transfusion post-operation. All patients after operation had fever (38.2±0. 7 ℃ ). All the lesions were completely ablated on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. There was no statistic change of hemoglobin, serum creatinine (SCr), ECT-GFR and creatinine clearance after operation (P>0.05). All of the 5 cases survived. No recurrence were found by enhanced-CT and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and SCr was retaining in the normal level during follow-ups (median, 11.5 months). Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma in a functional solitary kidney could be a treatment choice with a relatively low incidence of complications.

Objective To present the technique and short-term results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors. Methods Ten selected patients cases with 11 renal tumors were included in present study. There were 3 cases of left renal tumor, 6 cases of right renal tumor and 1 case of bilateral renal tumors. Tumors were located at the upper pole (2), middle (6), or lower pole (3). All tumors were located distant from the collecting system, without evidence of metastatic disease. Mean tumor size was 2. 8 cm (range: 1.5-4.0). All the patients were managed with a double freeze-thaw cycle of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation. The preoperative Hb was (137± 21)g/L, ESR was (27±12)mm/1 h, SCr was (92±41)μmol/L, GFR was (42±10)ml/min.All the patients were taken routine biopsies. Results Cryoablation was technically successful in all 10 patients (11 tumors). The mean time of the operations was (101 ± 31) min, and the mean blood loss was (42±21) ml. None of the cases received blood transfusion post-operation. No operative complication was seen. The postoperative hospital stay was (4±2) d. The postoperative Hb was (129 ±18)g/L,ESR was (31±14)mm/1 h,SCr was (95±39)μmol/L,GFR was (40±11)ml/min. There was no statistic change of Hb, ESR, SCr and ECT-GFR after operations(P＞0. 05). The biopsy results revealed that 8 tumors were renal clear cell carcinomas, and 2 tumors were papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 1 tumor was renal angiomyolipoma. All the patients had a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean 16, range 6 to 21). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months identified the punched-out, nonenhancing, spontaneously resorbing, renal cryolesions. Follow-up biopsie of the cryoablated tumor site was negative in the only patient who have undergone the biopsy. No evidence of local or port-site recurrence was found, and no metastatic disease. ConclusionsRetroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cryoablation for small renal tumors could be an accurate and effective intervention with a relatively low incidence of complications. Critical long-term data regarding laparoscopic renal cryoablation are awaited.