Objective To observe the clinical effects of nanometer calcium phosphate ceramic artificial bone (NCPCAB) in percutaneous kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods Totally 33 cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were selected in the present study. All cases were injected with NCPCAB for percutaneous kyphoplasty via bilateral transpedicular balloon approach. Anterior vertebral reset rate and kyphosis correction rate were calculated after treatment. The visual analogue scales (VAS) were observed preoperatively and postoperatively. The changes of blood pressure and SPO2 were observed preoperatively, at injection of the artificial bone, 5 min after injection and at the end of surgery. Results The postoperative vertebra reduction rate and kyphosis correction rate were (24. 90±3. 02) % and (45. 80±7. 13) %, respectively. The pain was greatly reduced after operation. The blood pressure was stable after injection of the artificial bone, and SPO2 was not markedly different at each tme point. Conclusion Application of NCPCAB m percutaneous kyphoplasty s safe and effective for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, with lttle nfluence on the vital signs of patients.

Objective To analyze epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Methods The clinical data of 323 CHC patients were collected. The transmission modes, clinical manifestations and virological features were recorded. The liver histological change was also analyzed in 39 cases whose liver biopsy samples were available. The comparison between two groups was performed by t test. Results Among the 323 CHC patients, 135 cases (41. 8%) had history of blood or blood products transfusion. Sixty-seven cases (20. 7%) had undergone surgery and trauma operation. Nineteen cases (5. 9%) had history of Chinese medicine acupuncture. Eighteen cases (5.6%) had undergone hemodialysis. Two patients (0.6%) were infected through vertical transmission. Twenty-one cases (6. 5%) had history of intravenous drug use and two cases (0. 6%) had history of unsafe sexual contact. The possible transmission routes for the other 78 cases (24.1%)were unknown. Fourteen patients (4. 3%) were co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The major prevalent genotypes were hepatitis C virus ( HCV) genotype lb and 2a, which were 145 cases (65. 3%) and 21 cases (9. 5%) respectively. HCV viral loads were as high as 1 × 105 IU/mL in 74 cases (26. 1%) and 1× 106 IU/mL in 103 cases (36. 4%). Twenty-three patients (7.1%) developed obvious clinical manifestations. Among 39 patients undergoing liver biopsy, 14 cases (35. 9%) had hepatic inflammation activity index (HAI)≥4, six cases (15. 4%) had fibrosis stage (F) ≥3, four cases (10. 3%) had HAI≥4 and F≥3. Conclusions The most common HCV transmission modes are blood transfusion and use of blood products. However, surgery and trauma operation should be paid more attention. Besides blood transfusion, the transmission modes of intravenous drug injection, hemodialysis and traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture are increasing. The major HCV genotypes are lb and 2a. The viral loads of most patients are relatively high. Most patients infected with HCV don't show any obvious hepatitis symptoms and physical signs. However, the liver biopsy results from 39 patients suggest that most patients develop liver histological changes.

Objective To study the mechanism of the protective effect of α_(1A)-AR antagonist Tamsulosin (Tam) on renal ischemic injury in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) rats. Methods HRS was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-(+)-galactosamine hydrochloride (GalN). Thirty-two HRS rats were divided into 3 groups randomly. Then surgical occlusions of the infrahepatic inferior vena cave (OIVC) were performed; Tam, an α_(1A)-AR antagonist, was administered daily before injection of GalN. During the operation, hemodynamic changes of the kidney and liver were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Serum samples were collected to measure serum levels of liver and renal function. At the same time, renal and liver samples were harvested and stained by HE and immunohistochemistry. Other parts of the sample were fixed with 2.5% glutaral to observe the cellular ultrastructure of renal and vascular endothelium by electron microscope. Results OIVC developed much severe ischemic injury in the kidney and liver of HRS rats. The renal cortex blood perfusion (RCBP) of HRS rats decreased rapidly after OIVC, and did not return to baseline after reflow. Pathological study showed severe injury of the liver and kidney. However, expressions of alpha-1 AR on renal artery and kidney were reduced in those rats that had received Tam before OIVC. Histological examination of the kidney also showed few abnormalities. Conclusion Marked increases of contractive response of renal artery of HRS rats induced by up-regulation of α_1-AR may be associated with a high risk of progression to acute renal failure in HRS rats after ischemia. Tamsulosin has a protective effect on renal ischemic injury through reducing α_(1A)-AR overexpression in HRS rats.

Objective To explore the clinical value of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation. Methods Routine color doppler imaging (CDI) was used to detect hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation in 160 cases. Suspected patients were further confirmed by immediate angiography. Four cases of HAT were diagnosed and treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis. Two cases received repeatable transcatheter hepatic arterial thrombolysis with a low dose of urokinase. Results Hepatic artery recanalization was achieved in 3 cases. Among the 3 cases, multiple HAT occurred in 1 case, intra-arterial thrombolysis was successfully completed in the end. Two cases had intra-abdominal hemorrhage, which was cured by conservative treatment. One case received retransplantation because of interventional thrombolysis failure and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Conclusion Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy may be a promising method in the treatment of HAT. Transcatheter hepatic arterial thrombolysis shows a significant result.

Objective To investigate whether a novel long-acting tumor necrotic factor (TNF) antagonist (soluble TNF receptor:IgG Fc [sTNFR:IgG-Fc]) can protect hepatocyte damage against liver failure caused by drugs in immunity-induced cirrhotic rats.Methods Wistar rats were repeatedly sensitized by human serum albumin (HSA) emulsified in complete freud adjuvant.The blood was collected at day 10 after the final sensitization.If anti-albumin antibody was positive,the rats were intravenously injected with HSA twice a week.After six weeks,liver cirrhosis was induced by immunity.All the model rats were divided into three groups with 15 each.Liver failure was induced with D-galactosamine/ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection in the rats with liver cirrhosis in model group.The rats in pretreatment group were intraperitoneally injected with long-acting soluble TNF receptor p55 18 h before D-galactosamine/LPS injection.The control group were injected with 0.9％ sodium chloride.General condition,survival rate,liver function and pathological changes were all examined.Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6,IL-22 and intrahepatic level of IL-6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The activity of Caspase 3 in hepatocyte lysis solution was measured by spectrophotography.Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect mRNA expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),bcl-2,bax and IL-22 receptor.Data were analyzed by variance analysis among groups.Results Rats in model group were dispirited with poor response after 12 hours and only 3 survived,compared with soluble TNF receptor p55 pre-treated group rats,in which all survived (P=0.029 8) with flexible response.Serum alanine aminotransferase levels in these two groups were (6 533± 360) and (105 ± 7) U/L,respectively.Hepatic regenerative nodule developed massive or submassive necrosis with septal fibrosis in model group,whereas soluble TNF receptor p55 alleviated the inflammatory and necrosis reaction of hepatic tissue.Serum IL-6 levels in model group and pretreatment group were (842.0±12.9) and (91.9±1.6) pg/mL,respectively (F=380.30,P＜0.01).Intrahepatic levels of IL-6 in these two groups were (26.2±1.2) and (11.1±0.8) pg/mL,respectively (F=176.90,P＜0.01),and serum IL-22 levels were (167.0±27.8) and (988.0±109.6) pg/mL,respectively (F=37.91,P＜0.01).Hepatic Caspase-3 activity was reduced by almost 60％ by soluble TNF receptor p55 pretreatment (F=303.70,P＜0.01) and bax expression reduced by 22％ (F=108.80,P＜0.01),while bcl-2 and PCNA expressions were up-regulated by 3.6-folds and 23.0-folds,respectively (F=115.60,P＜0.01; F=594.20,P＜0.01).Conclusions Long acting soluble TNF receptor p55 could improve survival rate,liver function and reduce inflammatory reaction of rats with liver failure induced by drugs on the basis of liver cirrhosis caused by immunity,which indicates that this drug may process a potential therapeutic value.

Since the state food and drug administration (SFDA) issued the first edition of adverse drug reaction(ADR) information in November, 2001, it has 32 edition, reported the drug 66 species of adverse reactions, involving the variety of 12 traditional Chinese medicines, it was effectively reminds all social concern of adverse drug reaction. For statistical analysis in recent years reported adverse drug reaction of prepared Chinese medicine, collected 462 literatures from 2005-09 CNKI Chinese journal full-text database of medicine health directory. In all the collections, about 94 literatures are closely related to adverse drug reaction report of prepared Chinese medicine. But there are only 7 references could identify traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine correctly in 72 literatures with the value of statistical analysis. That means only 8.9% of literatures can correctly identify western medicine and Chinese traditional medicine. So it proved that TCM workers' knowledge of ADR remains to be greatly improved.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Drug Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects

[Objective]To explore the intracellular antimicrobial activities of erythromycin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin against Legionella pneumophila.[Methods]The minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)of each antibiotic was evaluated by E-test method and microdilution method respectively.The minimal extracellular concentration inhibiting intracellular multiplication(MIEC)of each antibiotic was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric assay system.[Results]The MIC concentration for each drug by E-test method were:erythromycin,0.047 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.38 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.125 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.125 μg/mL,the MIC concentrations for each drug by microdilution method were:erythromycin,0.125 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.03 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.016 μg/mL.The MIEC concentration for each drug were:erythromycin,0.25 μg/mL;ciprofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;levofloxacin,0.016 μg/mL;moxifloxacin,0.004 μg/mL.[Conclusions]Fluoroquinolones have superior activity than erythromycin in U937 cells infected with L.pneumophila.Moxifloxacin is the most potent drug among the four tested antimicrobials.Our results indicated that the MTT assay system allows comparative and quantitative evaluations of the intracellular activities of antibiotics against L,pneumophila and efficient processing of a large number of samples.

ObjectiveTo investigate the histological features as well as the factors influencing liver disease progression in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). MethodsA total of 102 CHC patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy between August 2007 and May 2010 were recruited. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and transmission route of recruited patients were recorded. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), HCV genotypes, HCV viral load and liver histological changes were detected. Statistical analysis was done by t test and Logistic regression. ResultsThe serum levels of ALT and AST in CHC patients with histological activity index (HAI) ≥4 were much higher, while platelet (PLT) counts were lower than those with HAI ＜4(t=2.209, 2. 298 and 2. 565, respectively; all P＜0.05). Likewise, in patients with F≥3, the serum levels of ALT and AST as well as the mean age and the duration of infection were significantly elevated compared with F ＜ 3 group ( t = 3.497, 2. 758, 2. 340 and 2. 570,respectively; all P＜0. 05), while PLT counts were much lower (t = 2. 761, P=0. 007). The unvariate predictors for HAI≥4 were female, ALT＞1 × upper limits of normal (ULN), AST level,F≥3, HCV RNA≥6 lgIU/mL and PLT counts. By mutivariate analysis, the Ishak stage score was the only independent predictor for HAI≥4 (OR 3.098, 95％CI 1.884-5. 092; P＜0.01). Finally,the univariate predictors for F≥3 were age, BMI≥24 kg/m2 , ALT＞1 × ULN, AST level, HAI≥4,PLT counts and duration of infection≥ 15 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR 1. 074,95％CI 1.006-1. 146; P=0.033), ALT level (OR 1. 035, 95％CI 1.015－1.055; P＜0.01), ASTlevel (OR 0. 969, 95％CI 0. 948－0. 990; P=0. 005), the duration of infection ≥15 years (OR 37. 215, 95％CI 5. 816－238. 127; P＜0.01) and HAI≥4 (OR 1. 939, 95％CI 1. 426－2. 636; P＜0.01) were independent predictors for F≥ 3. ConclusionAge, ALT level, AST level, duration of infection≥15 years, HAI≥4 are independent predictors for liver fibrosis.

Objective To observe the regulatory role of microRNA-1187(miR-1187)in hepatocyte apoptosis through miR-1187 targeting regulation of caspase-8 mRNA expression.Methods The acute liver failure model was established by injection of D-galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharides(LPS)in BALB/c mice.The liver tissues were collected for LNA-miRNA array analysis and functional analysis of genes targeted by miRNA.Embryonic murine hepatocyte cell line 2(BNL-CL2)was cultivated in vitro and treated with tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and D-galactosamine to induce the transfection of miR-1187 in transfected group or untransfected group.The expressions of miR-1187 and caspase-8 mRNA were detected by real-time polymeramse chain reaction(PCR)and caspase-8 protein was determined by Western blot.The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The comparison of means between groups was done by t test.Results The miR-1187 signal was deceased with the development of acute liver failure.The 3'UTR of caspase-8 mRNA had direct binding sites with miR1187.In BNL-CL2 cell experiments,miR-1187 was down-regulated in untransfected group and decreased more slowly in transfected group(t=6.371,P<0.01).The expression of caspase-8 mRNA was up-regulated in untransfected group and increased less in transfected group(t=4.539,P<0.01).The apoptosis rate in transfected group was significantly lower than untransfected group(t=3.365,P<0.05).Conclusios miR-1187 is one of inhibitors of hepatocyte apoptosis.High expression of miR-1187 could regulate the expression of caspase-8 mRNA,thus inhibit the apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Objective To construct lentivirus vectors carrying 16 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassettes targeting histone acetyltransferases and provide a powerful research approach to explore the mechanism of epigenetic genes in regulating hepatitis B virus (HBV).Methods Following the rule of short shRNA primer design,eight-pair primers (A ~ H )for each gene,which had stable interfering efficiency,were designed.The annealed primers were connected to the empty lentiviral vectors of shRNA for transformation.In order to confirm the positive clones,clones were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ).Then, qualified plasmids were verified by enzyme digestion technology.Four shRNA lentivirus plasmids against the same gene were mixed to build lentivirus respectively.After the virus transfected into 293T cells for 48 and 72 hours,supernatants were collected to infect HepG2.2.15 cells.The percentage of fluorescent cells were observed and assessed by microscope 72 hours after infection.Results One hundred and twenty-eight lentiviral vectors of RNA interference (RNAi)library were constructed against 16 histone acetyltransferases and more than 80% of HepG2.2.15 cells were infected with lentivirus 72 hours after infection.Conclusions Sixteen shRNA lentivirus vectors against histone acetyltransferase are successfully constructed.Thus,a solid foundation for the study of the effect of human histone deacetylase on HBV replication is established.