Objective To compare one point and two points brachial plexus block anesthesia effect below the elbow surgery anesthesia.Methods 70 patients with elective elbow following orthopedic surgery were randomly divid-ed into two points group (group A)and one point group (group B)by random number table,each group had 35 cases.Analgesic effect of anesthesia was compared.The toxic reactions,neurovascular damage and other vascular complications of anesthesia were observed.Results The effective rate and incidence rate of complication of group A were 97.1% and 8.6%,those of group B were 77.1% and 11.4%(χ2 =6.248,0.159).The analgesic effect of group A was significantly better than group B (P <0.05),the incidence of anesthetic complications between the two groups showed no significant difference (P >0.05).Conclusion Axillary brachial plexus block of two points simul-taneous injection has better analgesic effect,block more perfect,it is the first selection of orthopaedics below the elbow surgery anesthesia method.

Objective To investigate the method and application of measurement uncertainty in clinical biochemical tests .Meth-ods The synthetic uncertainty and expanding uncertainty of 13 emergency biochemical tests items were compared between Hitachi 7600 and Beckman DXC800 automatic biochemical analyzer by usingmodel method.The test items included aspartate aminotrans-ferase ,total protein ,albumin ,glucose ,urea ,creatinine ,creatine kinase ,lactate dehydrogenase ,amylase ,potassium ,sodium ,calcium and chloride .Results Measurement uncertainty of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were 3 .66% and 3 .51%respectively ,which were the top two on Hitachi 7600 analyzer ;measurement uncertainty of calcium and creatinine were 4 .00% and 3 .90% respectively ,which were the top two on Beckman DXC800 .Compared between the two analyzers ,the test item with the lar-gest difference of measurement uncertainty was sodium(2 .62% ) ,and the second was creatinine(2 .40% ) .The difference of meas-urement uncertainty of the 13 emergency biochemical test items between the two analyzers were relatively small .Conclusion The two analyzer both have good performance ,Model methodis suitable for the evaluation of regular test items′measurement uncer-tainty in clinical biochemical laboratory .

Objective To investigate the status of disinfection and sterilization quality of different levels of medical institu-tes in Xi’an,and improve the management level of disinfection and sterilization of medical institutes. Methods Disinfection and sterilization efficacy of 69 medical institutes were monitored and evaluated according to Standardization for Disinfec-tionTechniques (2002 edition)and Sanitary Standards for Hospital Disinfection (GB15982-1995). Results From 2011 to 2013,2 224 specimens were tested,1 766 (79.41% )were qualified.The qualified rate of tertiary medical institutes was higher than second and below medical institutes (83.67% vs 77.50% ,P= 0.001),the qualified rate between public medical institutes and private medical institutes was not statistically different (79 .64% vs 78 .20% , P= 0.532),the qualified rate of comprehensive medical institutes was higher than specialized medical institutes (80.18% vs 74.92% ,P= 0.030). Of different detected specimens,the qualified rates of disinfectant in use and pressure steam sterilizers (including test pack and process challenge device)were higher (98.46% ,100.00% ,and 98.06% respectively),while the hands of health care workers (HCWs)and glutaraldehyde were lower(58.48% and 43 .28% respectively).Conclusion Disinfection and sterilization quality in different medical institutes in Xi’an is dif-ferent,and different disinfected and sterilized objects are also varied .It is necessary to intensify the management of hand hygiene of HCWs and concentration of glutaraldehyde.

Objective To study the feasibility and curative effect of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods Twenty-eight cases undergoing laparoscopic radical resection (laparoscopic group) and 26 cases undergoing open radical resection (open group) were enrolled from January 2004 to December 2007. The following parameters: operation-related situations, postoperative recovery,result of radical resection, and postoperative outcome were compared between the two groups. Results The blood loss during operation in laparoscopic group was less than that in open group [(148.0±26.5) ml vs (396.0±79.6) ml, P<0.01]. The gastrointestinal tract and urination function in laparoseopic group recovered faster than those in open group[the time of diet in taking was (2.8±0.1) d vs (3.9±0.3) d,the time of detaining urethral catheter was(4.2±0.2) d vs (6.0±0.8) d] (P<0.05). The hospital stay was shorter in laparoscopic group than that in open group [(9.8±1.1) d vs(13.2±2.8) d, P<0.01]. The operation time, the number of cleared lymph nodes and complications of laparoscopic between the two groups were no significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in local recurrent and beyond metastases rates between the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma parallels with open surgery is in safety and effectiveness, it has less traumatic and blood loss and faster in patients recovery.

Objective Discuss the methodology and significance of clinical transfusion assessment,establish an effective evaluation system for blood transfusion,identify rational indexes for the evaluation,and promote quality of clinical transfusion.Methods Development of the clinical blood transfusion assessment regulations,tightened blood transfusion approval system,enhanced medical record check for blood transfusion,better statistics for the data collected,and analysis of data in 2012 to compare changes in blood volume before and after tighter management in place.These efforts aim at improving the assessment system for optimal clinical blood transfusion.Results Compared to Jan.-June in 2012,patients discharged and surgical cases in Dec.of the same year dropped 2.15％ and 0.73％ respectively.However,the volume of blood transfusion decreased 22.7％,the percentage of blood transfusion for inpatients decreased from 8.78％ to 7.17％,and the average use of blood for inpatients decreased from 0.73U to 0.57U.Conclusion Reasonable and scientific assessment for blood transfusion and better clinical blood use management can improve blood transfusion therapeutic efficacy and save blood resources.

Objective To alleviate or prevent the complication of propoful sedation and anesthesia during gastroscopy. Methods One thousand three hundred and fifty eight patients were undergone gastrosco-py under propoful sedation and anesthesia. Results Although some patients with intravenous use of propofol their blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate decreased in different extents, but others remained in normal range. During the operation, two cases(0. 15% )had hypotension which could be corrected after intravenous use of ephetonin; three cases (0. 22% ) had bradycardia that was restored after intravenous use of atropine; three hundred and eighteen cases (23. 42% )had cough which could be prevented by increasing the first dose of propofol and avoiding the pharyngeal simulation derived from operation; sixteen cases( 1. 18% )had serious chock accompanied with decreasing of blood oxygen saturation which could be alleviated by aspirating the guttural secretion, driving up the patients mandible and increasing oxygen inhalation, keeping the gastroscope dry and avoiding pumping water or air as passing through epiglottis are the effective methods in preventing chock. Forty six cases (3. 39% ) complained of pain in the injection site which could be alleviated by choosing a major vein and injecting drug slowly; forty three cases(3. 17% ) had nausea and two cases(0. 15% ) had phreno muscular spasm which could be alleviated or prevented by skilled manipulation; thirty nine cases (2. 87% )had vertigo after regaining consciousness, keeping in bed or deferring to wake the patient up are very effective in preventing and alleviating this symptom. Conclusion Although gastroscopy under propoful' s sedation and anesthesia is safe and effective, logical precautions are the keys to attain success and lessen complications.

Objective To study the role of the expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in hamster to rat concordant cardiac xenotransplantation.Methods Intra-(abdominal) cardiac transplantation was performed by using SD rats as recipients of Golden Syrian(hamster) hearts.The rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: group I(n=15),unmodified(recipients) were used as control; group II(n=15),splenectomy at day 0;group III(n=15),the rats were treated with cyclosporine A(CsA) 10 mg/kg every day from day 0;group IV(n=15),splenectomy in combined with CsA.The survival of hamster hearts was observed in each group.The xenograft was harvested at rejection and scheduled time in accordance with the experimental design,and analyzed for histology.The expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in xenograft after xenotransplantation.Results The mean survival time of the xenograft in group IV was 34.20?8.98 days,which was significantly longer in groups I,II and III (P

Objective To observe the behavioral effects of acute administration of dizocilpine (MK-801) in rats,and to determine an appropriate doses of the drug to mimicking memory deficits of schizophrenia.Methods 192 rats were randomly divided into model groups and control group,and given different doses of MK-801 or saline.Locomotor activity,pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test and novel object recognition test were studied respectively.Results The spontaneous activity increased in a dose-dependent manner after the treatment of MK-801.The total distances of locomotor activity in 0.3 mg/kg group((127.04 ± 32.35) m) exhibited a significant difference compared with control group((35.34 ± 12.81) m,P ＜ 0.05).MK-801 decreased PPI in dose-dependent manner(P ＜ 0.01).MK-801 0.1 mg/kg((103.45 ± 68.04) ％) and 0.3 mg/kg ((41.55 ± 62.93) ％) groups showed significant differences compared to control group ((200.39 ± 30.97) ％) in PPI.The discrimination index of 0.03 mg/kg group((15.78 ± 6.23) ％) and 0.1 mg/kg group((22.42 ± 3.85) ％) were lower than that in control group((39.42 ±3.86)％,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is necessary for select right doses for model different endophenotypes of schizophrenia by MK-801.0.03 mg/kg of MK-801 is a relatively appropriate dosage to cause recognition memory damage.

0.05). After treating, the accumulating points of syndrome of the treatment group dropped more, the treatment group was superior to the control group. Conclusions The curative effects of Huoxin capsule on angina of coronary arheroselerosis heart disease is exact. It can take effect quickly and improve the whole symptom of the patients noticeably.

Objective: To study the effect of B 2O 3 and P 2O 5 on fluorosilicic mica glass-ceramic sintering process.Methods: Six sets of K 2O-MgO-SiO 2-MgF glass were prepared by using B 2O 3 and P 2O 5as sintering aid respectively. Green bodies of the glass powder were formed by gelcasting and sintered at 800,850,900,950 and 1 000 ℃ for 6 h respectively. The sintering and crystallization behavior were studied by thermal shrinkage , X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM.Results:The shrinkage rate of the glass with 2% B 2O 3 and P 2O 5 was the highest ,while that of the glass with 5% P 2O 5 the lowest. The size of the precipitated crystal from the glass ceramics containing 2% B 2O 3 and 2% P 2O 5 was bigger.Conclusion:The density and shrinkage measurements of the sintered bodies show that the glass powder of pure K 2O-MgO-SiO 2-MgF system has poor sinterability, while minor addition (