20m, hypertrophy of nuclei, dilatation of T tubules, mutiple intercalated discs and increase of mitochondria and myofibrils. But the atrial cardiac muscle cells with degeneration showed myofibrillar lysis, abnormal Z bands, mitochondrial swelling and extramembranous disruption, sarcoplasmic reticulum proliferation and dilatation,myelin figures formation and interstitial fibrosis These results suggested that the degree of hypertropy and degeneration of atrial cardiac muscle cells was related to the types, injuried size of congenital heart disease and the age, cardiac functional state of patients

BACKGROUND:The mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells directional y homing to infarcted myocardium post myocardial infarction are stil unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of stromal cellderived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis on mesenchymal stem cellmigration promoted by mononuclear cells after myocardial infarction.
METHODS:Cardiomyocytes and mesenchymal stem cells were respectively isolated from suckling and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were selected (six rats for myocardial infarction models and six for sham models), then circulating mononuclear cells were isolated. 4,6-Diamino-2-phenyl indole-labeled mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocytes and mononuclear cells were cultured into the upper, middle and lower layers of the tri-chamber coculture system, respectively. In this experiment, there were four groups:myocardial infarction group, AMD3100 (CXCR4 inhibitor) group, sham group and blank control group. After 48 hours, the number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells with blue-lighting nucleus was calculated under fluoroscope. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescent staining was used to detect SDF-1 expression in cardiomyocytes and CXCR4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Migrating mesenchymal stem cells with positive expression of CXCR4 were observed in each group other than the blank control group. The number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells was higher in the myocardial infarction group than in the other groups. Tumor necrosis factor-αneutralizing antibody and CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 could obviously reduce the number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells (P<0.05). Cardiomyocytes in each group expressed SDF-1 positively. The gray values of SDF-1 expression in the myocardial infarction and AMD3100 groups were significantly higher than those in the sham and blank control groups (P<0.05). SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a certain role in mesenchymal stem cells migration promoted by mononuclear cells after myocardial infarction.

The 2450 MHz microwave irradiation was applied to the scrotal area of the rabbit and the temperature of the scrotal skin was maintained to 41—42℃ for 20 minutes. Ultrastructural alterations of the mucosa and muscularis of the seminal vesicles were studied by transmission electron microscopy at different intervals from 1 hour to 45 days after treatment. Both the principal cells and the smooth muscle cells were sensitive to microwave irradiation. Ultrastructural changes were detected in a few principal cells and smooth muscle cells after 1 hour. Later, the degeneration became serious 3 to 7 days following exposure, but appeared to be alleviated after 45 days. The main alterations in principal cells were dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Gelgi complex, many myelin figures and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, swelling of microvilli and degeneration of nuclei. There were many vacuoles and myelin figures in the degenerative smooth muscle cells. Some basal cells also underwent degeneration. In addition, thickening and irregular infolding of the lamina propria were noted. The significance of the effects of microwave on the seminal vesicles was discussed.

It is an urgent task to purify drinking water and treat industrial wastewater at present.In this paper,the operating principle of the electro -hydraulic impulse apparatus and its sterilization effect is introduced,which is effective in purifying drinking water and treating wastewater.Based on the laboratorial data and theory analysis,method of parameter selection for the apparatus is also presented.

OBJECTIVE:Taking metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets as an example,to explore the value of speckle tracking imaging in therapeutic efficacy evaluation of CHF drugs. METHODS:68 CHF patients who had never underwent regular treatment were given Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets and anti-heart failure agents for 3 months. NYHA classification, resting heart rate(RHR),6 min walk distance(6MWD)and conventional echocardiographic measurements were tested before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. Dynamic image were collected in the apical 2-chamber view,apical 4-chamber view and left ven-tricular long axis plane for speckle tracking imaging offline analysis. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) were measured. After 3 months of treatment,CHF patients were divided into standard group(group A,RHR 55-60 times/min)and non-standard group (group B,RHR>60 times/min) according to resting heart rate. The improvement of above indicators were com-pared between 2 groups,and that of LVGLS was also compared. RESULTS:After 1 month of treatment,RHR,LVEDd,LVEF and LVGLS of group A were improved significantly,compared with group B,with statistical significance (P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment,there was statistical significance in above indicators between 2 groups(P<0.05). In group A,RHR,6MWD and LVGLS improved significantly after 1 month of treatment,there was statistical significance,compared with before treatment (P<0.05);there was statistical significance in above indicators after 3 months of treatment,compared with before treatment and after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). In group B,RHR and 6MWD improved significantly after one month of treatment;there was statistical significance,compared with before treatment(P<0.05);there was statistical significance in significant improvement of each indicator between after 3 months of treatment and before treatment (P<0.05);only there were statistical significance in RHR and NYHA grading,compared with after one month of treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Speckle tracking imaging can early reflect the left ventricular function improvement of CHF patients after anti-heart failure treatment,especially in patients with RHR control standard earlier and more significant. Speckle tracking had good clinical application value in the follow-up treatment of heart failure as routine evaluation index.

Objective To investigate the destructive effect of cadmium (Cd)and the protective effect of astragaloside ( Asd) on TM3 cells.Methods The best protective concentration of Asd on TM 3 cells after Cd treatment was selected by MTT cell viability experiment .The apoptosis rate of TM3 cells was measured by flow cytometry .The expression of connexin 43(Cx43) was detected by immunohistochemistry .The morphological changes of TM3 cells were observed by electron mi-croscopy .Results The viability of TM3 cells in both control and Asd-treated group was not significantly different after 24 h or 48 h,but it was significantly decreased in Cd group .However , the viability of TM3 cells in Cd +As group was higher than that in Cd group .Flow cytometry showed that there was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate of TM 3 cells be-tween the control and Asd-treated group after 24 h,but it was obviously increased with the Cd concentration .The apoptosis rate of Cd+Asd group was lower than that in Cd group (P<0.01).Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the average optical density (AOD) of the positive product of Cx43 in Cd-treated TM3 cells was obviously decreased (P<0.01), but the average gray value (AGV) was significantly increased when compared with the control group (P<0.01).The ultra-structural changes in TM3 cells were obvious after Cd treatment ,but those in Cd+Asd group were improved when compared with Cd group.Conclusion Cd reduces the expression of Cx 43 and damages the morphology of TM 3 cells.Asd has protec-tive effect on Cd-induced TM3 cell injury.

Objective To observe the effect of astragaloside IV (A) and SB203580 antagonize cadmium (Cd) toxicity on expression of associated protein and blood-testis barrier(BTB) in rats and to study the protective mechanism of A on it.Methods Totally 21 SD male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, 3 rats per group:Cd [ intraperitoneally injected with 0.1%CdCl2,1mg/(kg?d)],Cd+A [at the above dose of CdCl2,at the same time with A,10mg/(kg?d)], and Cd +SB203580 [at the above dose of CdCl2,at the same time with SB203580,100μg/(kg?d)], each of the above groups was further divided into continuous five and ten days treatment groups .The control group was intraperitoneally injected with equal dosage of normal saline .The testes were studied by light , electron microscopy , immunohistochemistry and Western blotting .Results In the control group ,irregular and lightly stained nuclei of Sertoli cell ( Sc) in seminiferous tubules were observed by HE staining .A continuous electron density line of tight junction ( TJ) and normal ultrastructure of BTB were observed .After Cd treatment ,the vesicular formation in the Sc was observed .The ultrastructural damage of Sc and TJ was observed .Compared with the corresponding time point of Cd group ,these were weakened in morphology of testis and ultrastructure of TJ after Cd +A or Cd +SB203580 treatment .The positive products of zonula occludens-1 ( ZO-1 ) and claudin-11 were localized mainly in the base of the seminiferous tubule .After Cd treatment , the average absorbance (AA) of ZO-1 and Claudin-11 was decreased significantly compared with that of the control group (P<0.05).After Cd +A or Cd +SB203580 treatment,AA of ZO-1 and Claudin-11 were increased significantly compared with that of the Cd group(P<0.05),though lower than that of the control group .The result of Western blotting showed that phosphorylation-p38MAPK in Cd group was increased significantly compared with that of the control group (P<0.05).After Cd +A or Cd+SB203580 treatment, it was decreased significantly compared with that of the Cd group (P<0.05).Conclusion Cd decreases ZO-1 and Claudin-11 expression and damages ultrastructure of TJ in BTB , asⅣhas protective effect on it , and is related to inhibiting activation of p 38 MAPK pathway .

This paper presents the ultrastructural studies of the immediate and delayed effects of Cadmium (Cd) on rat testes and the protective effects of Zinc (Zn) on Cd induced injury. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups: 1) treatment with Cd (2mg/kg body weight); 2) treatment with Cd combined with Zn (80mg/kg body weight); and 3) the controls.The ultrastructural changes of some spermatids, spermatogonia primary spermatocytes and peritubular tissue were detected within 10—30 minutes after Cd treatment. The morphlogical alterations of spermatids and primary spermatocytes appeared first. However, after 1 hour, the changes of testicular capillaries were observed, and those of the Leydig cells were found within 2—4 hours. After 3—7 days, the seminiferous epitheium, peritubular tissue and interstitial tissue were totally necrosed. These results suggest that both seminiferous tubules and testicular capillaries are damaged directly by Cd treatment, but the ultrastructural alterations of the capillaries appear later than those of the seminiferous tubules. The protective effect of Zn on the testicular injury induced by Cd is prominent. However, this effect on the early spermatids is weaker than that on the other germ cells.

Objective To examine the pathological changes in the liver of an AIDS patient with complicated infection of Pneumocystis carinii(PC). \ Methods\ A liver biopsy was made. The tissue was stained with HE, PAS, Giemsa, GMS, and acid\|fast staining, and examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. \ Results\ Granulomas (acid\|fast negative) in the tissue and numerous pathogens (PAS positive) in hepatic sinusoids were detected. Giemsa and GMS staining and electron microscopy all confirmed that the pathogen was Pneumocystis carinii. \ Conclusion\ The pathological findings revealed a diffuse extrapulmonary infection of Pneumocystis carinii in the patient of AIDS.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of falls among elderly patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases in Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide insights into preventing measures of falls. Methods: Elderly patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases admitted to a level A tertiary hospital of Chongqing Municipality from July 2022 to December 2022 were recruited. Participants' demographics, physical component and fall condition were collected using a questionnaire survey. Incidence of falls was descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting falls among elderly patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 344 questionnaires were allocated, and 338 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.26%. There were 195 men (57.69%) and 143 women (42.31%), with a mean age of (77.10±7.29) years. There were 171 (50.59%), 115 (34.02%), 38 (11.24%) and 14 (4.14%) patients suffering from 2, 3, 4 and 5 chronic diseases, respectively. The incidence of falls during recent six months was 22.49%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified history of vertigo in last 6 months (OR=2.720, 95%CI: 1.409-5.249), fear of falling (OR=8.725, 95%CI: 4.572-16.653) and adaptation of living environments to ageing (OR=0.257, 95%CI: 0.130-0.509) as factors affecting elderly patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases. Conclusion The Elderly patients with comorbidity of chronic diseases who have a history of vertigo, fear of falling, and living environments that are not age-adapted are at higher risks of falls.