With rich materials, this paper discusses the important role of moral education in preventing and cure AIDS, which can not be replaced with laws or other forms. Also it refutes the viewpoints of using condom to prevent AIDS.

Objective To select the indexes of forensic identification in digital orthopantomogram and formulate the full dentition pattern code.Methods To collect randomly 620 samples with dental interventions and 150 samples with dental pathological changes but without therapy.Then to observe and compare them respectively,select indexes for full dentition patterns according to the dental physiological variations,pathological changes and interventions Finally the diversity of the full dentition patterns in two groups would be evaluated by statistical analysis.Results The group with dental interventions had 619 kinds of dental pattern in 620 samples,its diversity of full dentition patterns was 99.84%.The group with dental pathological changes but without therapy had 146 kinds of dental pattern in 150 samples,thus its diversity of full dentition patterns was 97.33%.Conclusion These full dentition pattern indexes were valuable in the forensic identification of persons with abnormal teeth.

Objective To introduce a modified replantation for thumb rotating avulsion amputation,and to evaluate its short term clinical outcome.Methods From January 2007 to July 2009,7 patients with thumb rotating avulsion amputation underwent replantation,including 6 males and 1 female,aged from 21 to 47 years (average,28.3 years).The amputation level of each thumb was metacarpophalangeal joint.During operation,fusion of metacarpophalangeal joint was performed according to injury degree of soft tissue; interphalangeal joint of the thumb was fixed in 15 degrees of flexion by sewing flexor pollicis longus muscle tendon and extensor pollicis longus muscle tendon to tendon sheath or soft tissue; the superficial vein harvested from ipsilateral forearm was used to bridge the dorsal carpal branch of radial artery and the ulnar palmacollateral artery of the thumb; direct anastomoses of dorsal veins were performed in 6 cases and venous transplantation in 1 case; and bilateral nerves were transferred to the back of the first metacarpal and anastomosed to the superficial branch of the radial nerve.Results All 7 replanted thumbs survived completely.Arterial crisis occurred in 1 case after operation,which was cured after operative and medication treatment.The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 24 months.The appearance and opposition function of replanted thumbs were satisfactory and the sensation of fingertip recovered to S4 in 4 cases and to S3 in 3 cases.The two point discrimination ranged from 8 to 12 mm.Conclusion Because bridging the dorsal carpal branch of radial artery and the ulnar palmar collateral artery of the thumb with a superficial vein harvested from ipsilateral forearm to reconstruct blood supply of the thumb is available and easy to be performed,this modified replantation is an ideal way to repair thumb rotating avulsion amputation.

Objective To improve identification with regard and accuracy of diagnosis to CT appearances of pulmonary infections after liver transplantation(LT) .Methods CT findings of pulmonary infections after LT were retrospectively analyzed.Results The main CT manifestations included consolidation in 32(the lesions mostly in the right or both lower lung zones),ground-glass attenuation in 22,(the lesions distribution were often bilateral and diffuse),nodules in 10(multiple and bilateraly,the diameter of lesions was all less than 3 cm), and seven less than 1 cm,including diffuse and miliary nodules of lungs in 3,graticule or line shadows in 4,the lesions were in bilateral upper lobes in 2 and distribution extensively in bilateral lungs in 2.The most common CT findings of lung bacterial infection after LT were consolidation ,and ground-glass attenuation,while for pulmonary mycotic infection consolidation,ground-glass attenuation and nodule were all often seen.Conclusion CT is valuable to the diagnosis of pulmonary infections after LT.

Objective To study the correlation between spiral CT(SCT)feature of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and the levels of soluble Fas(sFas)and FasL(sFasL)in serum.Methods 32 cases of NSCLC proved pathologically and examined with SCT were analyzed retrospectively.Serum level of sFas and sFasL were determined by double antibody sandwich Enzyme linked immunosorbenl assays(ELISA).The SCT features were compared with level of sFas and sFasL.Results No significance was found between serum levels of sFas and sFasL and tumor type and size(P

Objecfive To investigate multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)appearances of pulmonary infections after liver transplantation(LT)and the diagnostic values of MSCT.Methods The clinical data and CT images of liver transplantation receptors were reviewed from 200 1 August to 2007 June,the types,onset time and CT appearances of pulmonary infections were analyzed retrospectively.Chi square test was used for the statistics.Results The incidence rate of pulmonary infections after LT was 32.9/(174/529),the mortality was 9.8/(1 7/174),The incidence of bacterial infection,fungus or associated fungus infection,and virus or associated virus infection were 17.2/(n=91),14.7/(n=78)and 2.3/(n=12)respectively,the pulmonary infections were seen in 64.7/,28.7/and 6.6/of patients 1 to 30 days,31-90 days and after 90 days following LT.Consolidations(n=32),ground-glass opacities(n=22),nodules(n=10),reticular or lineal opacities(n=4)were found in 45 patients who had CT examination,there were no statistic differences in incidence rate between bacterial infection and mycotic infection(P＞0.05).Conclusion Pulmonary bacterial and fungus infection are common after LT.and often present as the mixed infection,the high risk period for infection is within 30 days after LT,thoracic CT stall is very important for characterizing the pulmonary infections after LT.

Purpose:To study the role of DCs in tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes activation of esophageal carcinomas.Methods:46 specimens of patients with esophageal carcinoma were used to investigate the DCs (CD1a), the subsets of tumor infiltrating T lymphoctyes (CD3,CD4,CD8, CD25) and costimulatory B7 using monoclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry staining LSAB method and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results:There was significant correlation between CD1a(+) DCs and CD3(+),CD4(+) T lymphocytes, but no marked correlation between CD1a(+) DCs and CD8(+), CD25(+) T lymphocytes. No specific B7 mRNA expression was found in all specimens. Conclusions:DCs may not activate T lymphocytes efficiently. B7 gene was expressed at low level or deficiency in esophageal carcinoma may be one of the important reasons of failure to activate lymphocytes and induce the immunosuppression.

Objective To analysis the correlation of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and perihematoma edema of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods One hundred and forty-four patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were collected and 78 of these patients were suffered from OSAHS.The patients were divided into two groups,control and OSAHS group,according to whether were accompanied by OSAHS or not.Both of the groups received the routine treatments including dehydration,reducing blood press,protecting the cerebral cells and so on.Cerebral CT scan was taken on admission.Night polymonography (PSG) was done within 24 hours of admission.Twenty-four hours and 4 days after admission,cerebral CT scan was taken again.The volumes of cephalophyma and perihematoma edema were calculated according to the results of CT scan.The changes of cephalophyma and perihematoma edema were dynamic observed.Results No difference in patients' age,sex,body mass index,serum glucose,blood lipid and so on,was observed between the two groups.The relative edema index became significantly different until 4 days after admission (0.40 ± 0.45,0.96 ± 1.35 in control and OSAHS group respectively,t =4.149,P =0.000).Similarly,the alternation edema index of OSAHS was obviously higher than that of control group only in 4 days after admission.While the analysis of the correlation between different degree OSAHS groups and edema indexes showed that at 24 hours after admission the edema volumes for different degree OSAHS groups were consistent (1.05 ± 0.65,0.84 ± 0.48,1.20 ± 0.54,1.10 ±0.40 in control,slight,moderate and severe groups respectively,F =1.061,P =0.374).At 24 hours and 4 days after admission,the edema volumes were positively correlated with the degree of OSAHS.Alternation edema index was significantly correlated with apnea hypopnea index according to the result of Pearson' s correlation analysis (r =0.652,P =0.000).Conclusion OSAHS complication can promote the progression of perihematoma edema of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,and the degree of edema aggravation is positive correlated to the degree of OSAHS.

Objective To study whether there is a correlation between the content of neutrophil gelatinase-asociated lipocalin (NGAL) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by septic shock.Methods We prospectively collected 110 patients with septic shock from December 2013 to June 2015,who had already completed the initial fluid resuscitation within 6 hours according to the guide.In accordance with whether combined with ALI,patients were divided into two groups:non ALI group was A group (n =61),and ALI group was B group (n =49).Baseline information,EVLWI and other indexes of hemodynamic monitored by PICCO of each group was collected prior to admission in intensive care unit.EVWI and the content of NGAL in alveolar lavage fluid,which detected by ELISA,were gathered after the initial fluid resuscitation.Results There were no significant differences at the baseline level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The risk factors of EVLWI in patients with septic shock were analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis.The risk factors contained fluid balance,NGAL,cardiac index (CI),Global end diastolic volume index (GEDI),human albumin (ALB),globulin (GLO).The results showed that EVLWI had linear regression with NGAL and GEDI.The equation of linear regression were Y(NGAL) =2.017 + 0.035X,and Y(GEDt) =-0.671 + 0.004X,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation between EVLWI and GEDI (r=0.835,P=0.000)and between NGAL and GEDI (r=0.489,P=0.000).In contrast,after immobilization of GEDI,we did not find any significant correlation between EVLWI and NGAL (r =0.381,P =0.060).Conclusions In case of fluid infusion volume is relatively too much,there is a strong correlation between NGAL in alveolar lavage fluid and EVLWI levels for early fluid resuscitation in patients with sepetic shock.

Objective To observe whether treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) affect nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) in rats and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Sixty-three adult male SD rats were randomly divided in to three groups as follows: Control group (rats fed with normal diet), MCD group (rats fed with MCD and MCD+CBD group [rats fed with MCD and treated with cannabidiol, 2mg/(kg.d), i.p.]. Ten weeks later, steatohepatitis and fibrosis were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by using an automatic biochemical analyzer and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol were determined with kits. Autophagic flux in livers was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Treatment with cannabidiol reduced ratio of liver/body weightratio (4.2%±0.6% versus 3.1%±0.6%, P<0.05), histological scores (4.7±1.1 versus 2.2±0.5, P<0.05) and fibrosis (1.4%±0.4% versus 0.8%±0.3%, P<0.05) in rat livers, lowered levels of ALT (214.5±54.1U/L versus 92.1±36.0U/L, P<0.05) and AST (175.9±55.2U/L versus 70.8±24.9U/L, P<0.05) in serum, attenuated hepatic fat accumulation (cholesterol, 182.4±42.7mmol/mg protein versus 101.0±33.8mmol/mg protein, P<0.05; triglyceride, 71.4±12.5mmol/mg protein versus 38.7±11.1mmol/mg protein, P<0.05), and down-regulated mRNA expression of Col1A1 (2.9±0.4 versus 1.6±0.3, P<0.05) in livers of rats fed with MCD. Furthermore, cannabidiol led to the LC3 turnover (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I, 37.1±10.8 versus 71.2±17.1, P<0.05) and p62 decrease (202.4±40.9 versus 125.8±32.7, P<0.05) in the livers of MCD-fed rats. Conclusion Treatment with cannabidiol could relieve MCD-induced NASH in rats, at least in part, by autophagic flux promotion.