BACKGROUND:Tissue-engineered bone has been considered to be a promising candidate for the repair and reconstruction of load-bearing large segmental bone defects. Currently, the studies on the application of tissue-engineered bone mainly focus on cel-scaffold or cytokine-scaffold constructs, which haveshed light upon the repair of large segmental bone defects. OBJECTIVE:Toestablish simple and convenient tissue engineering of anatomicaly shaped tibial bone defect models using three-dimensional rapid prototyping technology to manufacture rabbit tibia biomimetic artificial bone scaffolds. METHODS:Three-dimensional electronic models were constructed using Mimic software. Hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactonescaffolds were manufactured by fused deposition modeling equipment. Fifty rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into three groups: blank control(n=3), control(n=6) and experimental groups(n=6), respectively. Tibial defects ranged 1.2 cmweremade in al groups. No treatment was given in blank control group. The bone defects in control and experimental groups were repaired with autogenous osteotomized bone and anatomicaltissue-engineered bone, respectively, and fixed with plates and screws. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Rabbit tibial bone measurements:tibiallengthwas (93.77±0.59)mm, tibiofibular transverse diameter(8.36±0.13)mm, sagittal diameter(5.97±0.12)mm, average thickness of bone cortex(1.20±0.10)mm, average diameter of the medulary cavity(4.30±0.06)mm. Anglebetween the connection line of the midpoints of superior and inferior articular surfaces at the side of tibial bone models and the connection lineof the midpoints of superior and inferior intersecting surfaces at the side of osteotomized bone modelswasα=(5.97±0.13)°.(2) X-ray in bone defects: at postoperative 4 and 12 weeks, no obvious displacement and angulated deformity were found in bone grafts, suggesting the good bone defect repair.(3) Histological examination: at postoperative 4 weeks, bone scaffolds were filed with new bone in the experimental group. Furthermore, considerably increased new bone formation and mineralization were observed at postoperative 12 weeks.(4) General observation: no obvious displacement and angulated deformity occurredin bone defect grafts at postoperative 4 and 12 weeks. These findings suggest that rabbit anatomical models of large segmental tibial bone defects with good stability were constructed using three-dimensional prototyping technology, which may simulate the structure and function of bone tissue and be used for guiding the new bone regeneration.

The 2450 MHz microwave irradiation was applied to the scrotal area of the rabbit and the temperature of the scrotal skin was maintained to 41—42℃ for 20 minutes. Ultrastructural alterations of the mucosa and muscularis of the seminal vesicles were studied by transmission electron microscopy at different intervals from 1 hour to 45 days after treatment. Both the principal cells and the smooth muscle cells were sensitive to microwave irradiation. Ultrastructural changes were detected in a few principal cells and smooth muscle cells after 1 hour. Later, the degeneration became serious 3 to 7 days following exposure, but appeared to be alleviated after 45 days. The main alterations in principal cells were dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Gelgi complex, many myelin figures and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, swelling of microvilli and degeneration of nuclei. There were many vacuoles and myelin figures in the degenerative smooth muscle cells. Some basal cells also underwent degeneration. In addition, thickening and irregular infolding of the lamina propria were noted. The significance of the effects of microwave on the seminal vesicles was discussed.

This paper presents the ultrastructural studies of the immediate and delayed effects of Cadmium (Cd) on rat testes and the protective effects of Zinc (Zn) on Cd induced injury. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups: 1) treatment with Cd (2mg/kg body weight); 2) treatment with Cd combined with Zn (80mg/kg body weight); and 3) the controls.The ultrastructural changes of some spermatids, spermatogonia primary spermatocytes and peritubular tissue were detected within 10—30 minutes after Cd treatment. The morphlogical alterations of spermatids and primary spermatocytes appeared first. However, after 1 hour, the changes of testicular capillaries were observed, and those of the Leydig cells were found within 2—4 hours. After 3—7 days, the seminiferous epitheium, peritubular tissue and interstitial tissue were totally necrosed. These results suggest that both seminiferous tubules and testicular capillaries are damaged directly by Cd treatment, but the ultrastructural alterations of the capillaries appear later than those of the seminiferous tubules. The protective effect of Zn on the testicular injury induced by Cd is prominent. However, this effect on the early spermatids is weaker than that on the other germ cells.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy and toxicities of oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with 5-FU/LV for advanced colorectal cancer. METHODS:RCTs were retrieved from PubMed database and CHKD and Metaanalysis was carried out using Review Manager version 4.2.2 software. RESULTS:Six studies were enrolled. The oxaliplatin group was superior to irinotecan group in the overall response rate(RR=0.82,95%CI ranged from 0.74 to 0.91). The incidence rate of neutropenia in irinote-can group was lower than in oxaliplatin group(RR=0.79,95%CI ranged from 0.69 to 0.90)while the incidence of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in irinotecan group was higher than in oxaliplatin group(RR=1.85,95%CI ranged from 1.42 to 2.40;RR=1.75, 95%CI ranged from 1.41 to 2.17). CONCLUSION:The scheme oxaliplatin combined with 5-FU/LV in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is superior to the scheme irinotecan combined with 5-FU/LV.

OBJECTIVEDevelop an LC-MS method to determine evodiamine and rutaecarpine in rats plasma simultaneously. The method was employed to investigate pharmacokinetics of evodiamine and rutaecarpine.

METHODBlood samples were collected in different time after oral administrated with the extracts of Euodiae Fructus, the plasma concentration of evodiamine and rutaecarpine was determined by LC-MS, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 5.1 software.

RESULTThe linear ranges of evodiamine and rutaecarpine were 0.5-100 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.995 9), 1-200 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 3) respectively. The average recovery were exceeded 76% (n = 5), the precision of inner-day and inter-day were less than 15%. The pharmacokinetics parameters AUC, t1/2, CL _F of evodiamine were: (2 215.24 +/- 414.49), (4 230.62 +/- 753.77), (13 219.21 +/- 3 740.95) min x ng(-1) x mL(-1); (146.57 +/- 38.38), (114.38 +/- 14.65), (163.37 +/- 8.83) min; (184 607.29 +/- 32 502.21), (192 878.22 +/- 31 897.37), (19 3224.63 +/- 62 278.74) mL x min(-1). The pharmacokinetics parameters AUC, t1/2, CL_F of rutaecarpine were (2 283.53 +/- 298.51), (4 424.84 +/- 276.95), (14 239.93 +/- 3648.27) min x ng(-1) x mL(-1); (167.10 +/- 15.82), (131.58 +/- 20.07), (144.41 +/- 13.65) min; (1 177 340.54 +/- 2 4942.21), (181 262.92 +/- 11 162.22), (177 508.10 +/- 52 611.80) mL x min(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method described in this report has high sensitivity and selectivity, and was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of evodiamine and rutaecarpine. The kinetic process of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in rats in vivo were all yielded to be one-compartment model.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Evodia ; Indole Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Quinazolines ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly patients is currently a major health challenge worldwide, with excessive consumption of medical resources, high incidence of complications as well as suboptimal outcome and prognosis. Hip joint arthroplasty (HJA) has been the mainstream treatment for FNF in the elderly, but the conventional surgical approaches and techniques are still confronted with a series of bottlenecks such as dislocation, limp and limb length discrepancy. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) for HJA (DAA-HJA) has been a major new choice in the field of joint replacement, which achieves improved clinical effectiveness of HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF, due to the fact that DAA approach involves the neuromuscular interface and accords with the idea of soft tissue retention and enhanced recovery after surgery. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of standard technique and procedure of DAA-HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF. Therefore, relevant experts from the Hip Joint Group of Chinese Orthopedics Association of Chinese Medical Association, Youth Arthrology Group of Orthopedic Committee of PLA, Orthopedic Committee of Chongqing Medical Association, Branch of Orthopedic Surgeons of Chongqing Medical Doctor Association and Sport Medicine Committee of Chongqing Medical Association were organized to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the technical standard of direct anterior hip arthroplasty for elderly femoral neck fracture ( version 2023)" based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus mainly proposed 13 recommendations covering indications, surgical plans, prosthesis selections, surgical techniques and processes, and postoperative management of DAA-HJA in elderly patients with FNF, aiming to promote standardized, systematic and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment to improve the functional prognosis of the patients.