Forty-eight male Wistar rats,weighing 280 to 320 g,were selected and prepared by fasting but free drinking for 12 hours before the experiment.They were randomly divided into four groups by random number table (12 rats in each group):control group,ischemic group,reperfusion group and propofol group.Control group:normal saline infusion[10 ml /(kg?h)]for 1 h in caudal vein without any other treatment.Ischemic group:on the basis of control group,supply with 20 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa)pneumoperitoneum pressure for 1 h. Reperfusion group:on the basis of ischemic group,keep pneumoperitoneum pressure open for 30 min.Propo-fol group:infusion propofol in caudal vein [10 ml /(kg?h),saline 10-fold dilution],given 20 mmHg pneu-moperitoneum pressure for 1 h,then kept this pressure open for 30 min.The expression changes of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were detected individually.Results The levels of BUN,Cr and MDA gradually increased,while the level of SOD decreased in control group,ischemic group and reperfusion group (P ﹤0.05,respectively).Compared with ischemic group and reperfusion group,the levels of BUN,Cr and MDA decreased significantly,and the level of SOD increased markedly in propofol group(P ﹤0.05,respectively). The expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA gradually increased in the control group,ischemia group,reperfu-sion group and propofol group (P ﹤0.05).Conclusion Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum can cause renal IRI in rats.Propofol has a protective effect of IRI by regulating the expression of Nrf2 protein.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of sacral nerve dysfunction syndrome.Methods Accepted 44 cases of sacral nerve disorder syndrome from Oct.2010 to Oct.2012 in the Department General Surgery of Xiangyang Central Hospital,the diagnosis and treatment of sacral nerve dysfunction syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 44 patients in this group were founded been with lumbar protrusion of the intervertebral disc,the incidence of waist 4-5 or/and sacral 1 intervertebral disc herniation was 100％.Twentyone patients were complicated with vertebral degenerative changes,6 cases with spinal arachnoid cyst.metastatic cancer without treatment in 1 case was exception,13 cases were boarded during sleeping,12 cases were given dehydration treatment with mannitol,15 cases were given therapy of sacral canal nerve block,3 cases were treated by operation.All of these treatment were proved effective.Conclusion Some certain curative effect was obtained through the local physical therapy,systemic dehydration treatment,local nerve block treatment and opertion treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical application and value of spiral CT(SCT) in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus. Methods Spiral CT scans were performed for 4 cases clinically confirmed as RCC with IVC tumor thrombus.The imaging findings were checked with post operative pathological findings. Results RCC with IVC tumor thrombus were assessed in all the 4 patients by SCT.The carcinoma stage and the type of the tumor thrombus were also determined.Operative findings have been the same as SCT. Conclusions SCT,a non traumatic and effective method,can make accurate diagnosis of RCC with IVC tumor thrombus,providing much more information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To assess the clinical value of retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy (RPPL) and retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPUL) in treating renal pelvis or ureteral calculus. Methods A total of 81 patients with renal pelvis or ureteral calculi underwent RPPL and RPUL on 88 sides. Of them 30 were women and 51 were men. Their age ranged from 12 to 65 years (mean,36 years).The calculi were found on left side in 41 cases,on right side in 33,and on both sides in 7.The calculi were 0.8 to 3.0 cm in diameters.Pyelolithiasis occurred in 11 cases,upper ureteral calculi in 68 cases and middle in 2 cases.Of them 3 had radioparent calculi in ureter.In these patients,21 had experienced unsuccessful ESWL,or ureterorenolithotripsy (URL),or both;2 had undergone conversion to retroperitoneoscopic surgery when the procedure failed in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) or perforation occurred during URL. Results All the stones were completely removed by single procedure.The operation time was between 30 and 210 min with a mean of 65 min.The intra-operative mean bleeding volume was 25 ml (range,10 to 60 ml).30 cases with other urinary tract diseases were cured by retroperitoneoscopic surgery at the same time.The hospital stay was from 4 to 10 days.During the follow-up (1 to 16 months) for the 60 cases,no recurrent calculus was found. Conclusions In selected patients with large,hard,radioparent,chronically impacted pelvis or upper ureteral stones,especially in solitary kidney,RPPL and RPUL may be considered as the first-line treatment and as a salvage procedure for failed ESWL and endoscopy.With these procedures the urinary tract complications can be treated concomitantly.

Bladder tissue engineering includes three components, namely cell scaffold, seeding cells and message factor. Seeding cells is essential to construct tissue engineering organs and is the native material of organ reconstruction. It is important to find a seeding cell which can not only provide excellent biocompatibility, but also can generate enough cells in work of organ reconstruction. At present, there are some commonly used seeding cells, for example, urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells, coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells. Among the total,coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stern cells are better than the others. The current problems of seeding cells are as follows: ①The mature cells that have been completely differentiated are limited in source and immunological rejection. ② The mature cells that have been completely differentiated during the differentiated only can generate in the limited passage culture procedure and they will age and die out of the passage maximum; in addition, the dedifferentiation also exists; ③further analysis should focus on the coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells into normal bladder.

BACKGROUND: The phakic intraocular lens implantation has advantages of reversibility and accommodative capability, which is a promising refractive operation. Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is a developing method for the correction of extreme myopia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of extreme myopia. METHODS: This study included 18 eyes of 11 patients whose received posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation at Shierming Eye Hospital from March 2006 to January 2009, including 4 males (7 eyes) and 7 females (11 eyes). All patients were followed-up 3-6 months, mean 5.3 months. The refraction, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, endothelial cell morphometry, as well as lens opacities were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After operation, naked visions of the 18 eyes were better than or equal to preoperative corrective vision, and the astigmatism was relieved obviously. The naked contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity was better than that before the operation. The anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelium counting before and after the operation had no significant difference. No serious complication was detected during the follow-up. The vision decent at night and dazzling sensation occurred in 2 cases. Shot-term observation shows that implanting intraocular lens in posterior chamber to correct high myopia is safe, stable and predictable. This operation is a promising method for correcting high myopia.

Objective To evaluate renal plication and nephropexy in the treatment of giant hydronephrosis. Methods 18 patients with giant hydronephrosis underwent relief of the obstruction as well as renal plication and nephropexy were reviewed. Results The patients have been followed up for three months to three years and their hydronephrosis improved a lot.The effected kidney showed some recovery of function on excretory urography. Conclusions Renal plication and nephropexy can promote recovery of renal anatomy and function after the relief of obstruction.

Objective To study the value of different angle MPR using 64-slice CT in diagnosing spondylolysis.Methods The volume data of isotropic scanning in 50 cases of spondylolysis using 64-slice CT were post-processed by different angle MPR. Four scanning modes were imitated: conventional intervertebral disc scanning mode, transverse scanning, oblique transverse scanning along the direction of vertebral arch, longitudinal and sagittal images of lumbar vertebrae. The detective rate of isthmus fissue, dislocation of disruption end, bone frature piece, false joint of above four methods were analysed. Results The sensitivity of detecting the isthmus fissue was highest by sagittal MPR and oblique transverse MPR images (100%)(u=8.51,P

Objective To study the effect of modified periocular injection on the pains induced by local application of drugs. Methods Sixty patients treated with periocular injection were divided randomly into experimental group and control group in equal number. The control group was treated with orthodox periocular injection,while experimental group with modified periocular injection, immersing the pinhead into lidocaine solution before injection.The pain level of patients was evaluated by self-designed pain scale. Result The pain level of modified periocular injection was lower than that of orthodox periocular injection statistically (Z=3.799, P<0.001).Conclusion Modified periocular injection can alleviate pains induced of local application of drugs obviously and increase their compliance,so it deserves clinically popularizing.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of debridement in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease under an ankle arthroscopy.Methods Totally 40 patients with ankle Kashin-Beck disease who had underwent surgery in the Fifth Hospital of Daqing from January 2015 to October 2016 were selected as the research subjects.All patients were treated with cleaning treatment under arthroscopy,evaluated via the visual analogue scale method,and compared pain before and 6,12 month after the treatment.Walking function and ankle motion of the patients were evaluated via an ankle-scoring system,and the quality of life of patients was investigated before and after the treatment through a questionnaire survey.Results The visual analogue scale of before and 6,12 months after the treatment was (6.2 ± 1.0),(2.3 ± 1.2) and (1.6 ± 0.4) scores,respectively;ankle foot score (53.3 ± 6.8),(86.6 ± 5.1) and (88.7 ± 6.2) scores,respectively;ankle activity score (15.9 ± 4.1),(36.9 ± 4.9) and (41.8 ± 6.4) scores,respectively;and life quality score (53.1 ± 4.0),(75.4 ± 6.6) and (88.7 ± 10.5) scores,respectively.The differences between groups were statistically significant (F =2.1,2.6,2.3,2.5,P ＜ 0.05).Visual analogue scale of 6 and 12 months after the treatment was significantly lower than that before the treatment,ankle foot score and ankle activity score and life quality score were significantly higher than those before the treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The debridement under an ankle arthroscopy can effectively reduce the pain of patients with Kashin-Beck disease,and improve the walking function of the patients obviously,significantly improve the patients' life quality,and the method should be widely applied in clinical treatment.