Objective In order to find a more sensitive and specific noninvasive assay for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, the authors tested the exfoliated cells from patient′s voided urine for the presence of telomerase activity and evaluated its clinical significance.Methods PCR-ELISA assay was used to determine the presence of telomerase activity in voided urine samples from patients with bladder carcinoma, fhematuria of benign causes and from normal, healthy volunteers.Results Telomerase activity was detected in 14 of 18 tumor samples, while none of the hematuria samples and normal, healthy volunteers′ samples. Conclusions Telomerase activity could be detected in most urine samples of bladder carcinoma patients and it is more sensitive and specific than other assays, therefore, would be a good diagnostic marker.

BACKGROUND:Thoracic vertebrae connected with the ribs of corresponding segments constitute the thorax. Because of thoracic vertebrae deeply and complicated structure, it is difficult to operate or to expose thoracic vertebrae completely. The traditional anterior ways can thoroughly remove the focus and achieve a good internal fixation, but this treatment needs to cut the rid. The surgeon discovered in years of clinical practice that distraction of intercostal space without cutting off the ribs could completely remove the focus and achieve fixation and fusion. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of anterior plate fixation and autologous bone graft fusion in the repair of thoracic spinal tuberculosis.
METHODA total of 30 cases of thoracic spinal tuberculosis were enrol ed. On the base of traditional thoracic spinal anterior surgical approach, the rib was reserved. Anterior distraction device was used to open the ribs for clearance and to move the focus of thoracic spinal tuberculosis. Autologous ilium was obtained and subjected to fusion and anterior plate fixation. Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, Frankel grade and Bridwel bone healing rating were used before and after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 30 patients were fol owed up for 3-60 months. The bone healing (class A) was seen, but no fistula formation was visible. Nerve compression symptoms were improved, without aggravating cases. Postoperatively, the average Cobb angle correction was 10.32°. After 6 months, imaging revealed bone fusion of affected vertebral body. After 18 months, the vertebral height was not lost obviously, no recurrence of vertebral tuberculosis. These results indicated that anterior intercostal space without cutting ribs exposed clearly, showing a large space, where can meet the requirement of first-stage debridement fixation and fusion in the repair of thoracic tuberculosis. The pathological changes were visibly clear;the focus was thoroughly removed, and the ribs were reserved. The outcomes are identical to rib resection. Simultaneously, autogenous iliac trilateral cortex has good supporting effects. Loose cancellous bone mesh has good osteogenesis and is helpful to bone healing.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between cerebral blood flow(CBF)with age and gender with arterial spin labe-ling in magnetic resonance imaging.Methods All thirty-seven healthy volunteers were divided into A(20-29 years,n=10),B(30-39 years,n=9),C(40-49 years,n=9)and D(50-59 years,n=9),underwent conventional MRI and ASL(Q2TIPS)examination. Cerebral blood flow (CBF)maps were obtained and reviewed.ROIs were respectively selected in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and CBF values were generated.The comparison of CBF value between the left and right hemispheres and within the four age group differences were performed.The relationships between CBF values with age and gender were also analyzed.Results There was no statistical difference of CBF in white or gray matter between bilateral hemispheres in all groups (P > 0.05).A significant positive correlation was found between age and CBF values of the left whole brain (r=0.378,P =0.020)in group C,while no significant difference of CBF in bilateral gray matter,white matter or whole brain was detected among all age groups (P > 0.05).There was no statistical difference of CBF between male and female volunteers (P > 0.05).Conclusion Quantitative estimates of CBF can be obtained with ASL sequence.The preliminary results suggest that CBF values do not significantly associated with age or gender.

We detect the effect of soil drought stress on part physiological activities of Masson pine of different family.The dark respiration rate of Masson pine will decrease with different range of the decrease of leaf water potential.The photosynthesis rate will increase with the descendant leaf potential and soil potential,which demonstrates that Masson pine has much higher productivity of drought stress.Meanwhile,the relative plasma membrane permeability plasma will be enlarged and the membrane will be hurt more deeply when Masson pine meets with higher drought stress.The relationship between relative plasma membrane permeability and leaf potential shows significant linear correlation.

Objective To assess the clinical value of retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy (RPPL) and retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPUL) in treating renal pelvis or ureteral calculus. Methods A total of 81 patients with renal pelvis or ureteral calculi underwent RPPL and RPUL on 88 sides. Of them 30 were women and 51 were men. Their age ranged from 12 to 65 years (mean,36 years).The calculi were found on left side in 41 cases,on right side in 33,and on both sides in 7.The calculi were 0.8 to 3.0 cm in diameters.Pyelolithiasis occurred in 11 cases,upper ureteral calculi in 68 cases and middle in 2 cases.Of them 3 had radioparent calculi in ureter.In these patients,21 had experienced unsuccessful ESWL,or ureterorenolithotripsy (URL),or both;2 had undergone conversion to retroperitoneoscopic surgery when the procedure failed in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) or perforation occurred during URL. Results All the stones were completely removed by single procedure.The operation time was between 30 and 210 min with a mean of 65 min.The intra-operative mean bleeding volume was 25 ml (range,10 to 60 ml).30 cases with other urinary tract diseases were cured by retroperitoneoscopic surgery at the same time.The hospital stay was from 4 to 10 days.During the follow-up (1 to 16 months) for the 60 cases,no recurrent calculus was found. Conclusions In selected patients with large,hard,radioparent,chronically impacted pelvis or upper ureteral stones,especially in solitary kidney,RPPL and RPUL may be considered as the first-line treatment and as a salvage procedure for failed ESWL and endoscopy.With these procedures the urinary tract complications can be treated concomitantly.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the situation and developing trend of the use of narcotics METHODS:The data of narcotics used in our hospital in 2000～2002 were collected from HIS System and analyzed RESULTS:The sum of money of narcotics was increasing year by year,especially for morphine preparation;The use of Durogesic and MS Contin for the pain control of cancer occupied the first and second places in frequency,but the amount of use of pethidine injection was constantly high CONCLUSION:Irrational drug-use for the pain control of cancer still existed

OBJECTIVE:To study the characteristics of patent behaviors of Chinese pharmaceutical demonstration enterprises for intellectual property,and to provide reference for the improvement of patent behaviors in Chinese pharmaceutial enterprises. METHODS:After retrieving the applicants(patentees)from China Intellectual Property Right Net on the basis of taking 7 pharma-ceutical demonstration enterprises chosen through appraisal by State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R.C in 2013 as the study samples,empirical study was conducted on their patent behaviors during 1985 and 2013,including the number and type of the pat-ents for which applications were made,international patent classification and legal status. RESULTS:The number of patent applica-tions of the 7 pharmaceutical demonstration enterprises demonstrated a growing trend(an annual increase up to 79.0%). The appli-cations were dominated by the inventive patent(84.9%). Many patents were in an authorized legal status(46.7%). All of these en-terprises paid more attention to the maintenance of the authorized patent. The technology patent applications were mainly about chemical compound,composition,and preparation methods,including the technical proposal containing the active ingredients and properties of the pharmaceutical preparation (A61K),particularly the application of the technical proposal related to the treatment with the preparation (A61P). CONCLUSIONS:All the 7 pharmaceutical demonstration enterprises were aware of patent competi-tion and protection and characterized by a higher proportion of the application for the inventive patent,perfect patent information management institution and high-quality patent applications. Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises can enhance their competitiveness and creativity through adjusting patent behaviors and increasing their awareness of patent competition.

Abstract:Aim To study the effect of rotenone on α-synuclein in rat midbrain of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Rats were subcutaneouly injected with chronic low dose rotenone(1.0 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)).Movements within 5 minutes were evaluated in open field test.Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neuronsin the midbrain were measured with immunofluorescence staining.α-SYN protein level in the midbrain was demonstrated with immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.Results Compared to the control group,latency time,crossing,rearing and rearing time were changed significantly(P<0.05,0.01)in the rotenone group,TH-positive neurons were reduced(P<0.05)and α-SYN protein level in the midbrain was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Injection with rotenone can induce PD symptom,which may be correlated to α-SYN protein level in the midbrain.

Objective To evaluate the necessity of concomitant bladder cuff and the possibility of distal ureter sparing surgery during radical nephroureterectomy of low-level upper urinary tract tumors. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with low-level (Tis-T3 M0 N0 ) tumors of the proximal upper urinary transitional epithelial cancer treated in radical nephroureterectomy in our hospital from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The medical charts and pathologic specimens of 35 patients with, and 38 patients without, concomitant bladder cuff were reviewed. Results In the 35 patients with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 8 cases (22.9%) recurrence was observed; in the 38 patients without concomitant bladder cuff resection, 8 cases (21.1%) recurrence was observed. There was no difference between both groups(P>0.05). In the 19 patients suffered renal pelvis tumors with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 4 cases (21.1%) recurrence was observed; In the 16 patients suffered ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 4 cases (25 %) recurrence was observed.There is no difference between patients of renal pelvis tumors and of ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff(P>0.05). In the 27 patients suffered renal pelvis tumors without concomitant bladder cuff resection, 3 cases (11.1 %) recurrence was observed; in the 11 patients suffered ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff, 5 cases (45.5%) recurrence was observed. There was significant different between patients of renal pelvis tumors and of ureter tumors without concomitant bladder cuff (P<0. 05). Conclusion Concomitant bladder cuff resection confers a favorable prognosis to the patients with ureter tumors, but not to the patients with renal pelvis tumors.