Objective To introduce the clinical apply of middle and small skin defect in finger injury with lateral arm free perforator flap.Methods (1) Ten cadavers were injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture.Later,CT scan,three-dimensional reconstruction of the cutaneous perforator vessels on the later arm.Then simulate the flap design.All cadavers were dissected before CT scanning.(2) Eighteen cases of middle and small skin defects in finger injury were treated with lateral arm free flap.The defect area were from 3 cm × 4 cm to 6 cm × 9 cm.Results Our research showed that the average caliber diameter of perforators of profunda brachial artery(PBA) was (0.71 ± 0.15) mm,and Posterior radial collateral artery(PRCA) was (0.94±0.22)mm.The results of pedicle length of perforator of PBA was (2.74 ±0.42) cm:(2.96 ±0.37) cm,and PRCA was (4.78 ±0.63) cm:(4.86 ±0.51) cm.3D reconstructive results showed that the perforators of PBA and PRCA dominated the lateral upper arm area.The flap of 18 cases survived after the operation.The wound of providing area was directly sutured or skin grafting and got healing.All cases were followed up for 6 months to 3 years,and the average follow-up time was 11 months.There was a little swelling on the outlooks of the flap,but the texture and sensation of the flap was good.Conclusion The lateral arm free perforator flap has a stable vessel pedicle,good texture and sensation,so it was a good method to repair middle and small skin defect in finger injury.

Objective To explore the effect of antenatal taurine supplementation on cerebral apoptosis and the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and caspase-3 in fetal rats with fetal growth restriction (FGR).Methods Fifteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,FGR model group (model group) and FGR with antenatal taurine supplementation group (taurine group).Taurine was added into the diet of taurine group at a dose of 300 mg/(kg · d) from the 12th day of gestation until natural delivery.Two appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborn rats were randomly selected from each mother in control group and two FGR fetal rats were randomly selected from each mother both in model and taurine groups.Apoptosis of neural cells in the brain was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL).Changes in protein expression of GDNF and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Levene method,one-way ANOVA and SNK-test,or Kruskal Wallis rank sum test and Tamhane’ s test were applied for statistical analysis.Results (1)The total amounts of fetal rats in control group,model group and taurine group were 65,60 and 59.The mean body weight of fetal rats were (6.36±0.44) g,(4.55 ± 0.45) g and (5.11±0.67) g,respectively.All fetal rats developed FGR in model group,while 76.3％(45/59) of fetal rats were FGR in taurine group.Therefore,FGR model was successfully established.(2) In control group,there were few expression of TUNEL positive cells in cerebral cortex.A large amount of TUNEL positive cells were found in the cortex,hippocampal and white matter area in model group,but less positive cells were identified in taurine group than in model group.The amount of apoptotic brain cells in the three groups were (0.46 ± 0.11),(14.76 ± 3.42) and (6.78 ± 1.93),respectively(H=429.80,P=0.000).(3)There were only small amount of GDNF positive cells in cerebral cortex in control group and more in model group.The amount of GDNF positive cells was further increased in taurine group.The amount of GDNF positive cells in cerebral cortex in the three groups were (93.56± 6.73),(120.36± 6.23)and(139.56± 5.28),respectively (H=715.17,P=0.000).(4) Few caspase-3 positive cells were found in cerebral cortex in control group.A large amount of positive cells were found in model group and less positive cells were found in taurine group,which was still more than those in control group.The amounts of caspase-3 positive cells in the three groups were (7.50±2.31),(151.32±24.43)and(37.28±11.21),respectively (F=132.54,P=0.000).Conclusions The number of apoptotic neural cells in brain tissue of baby rats with FGR were significantly increased,which can be significantly alleviated by maternal antenatal taurine supplementation through upregulation of GDNF and downregulation of caspase-3 expression.

ObjectiveTo explore the epidemiologic feature of maternal syphilis and the status of prevention and control of the disease in Baoshan District. Methods Syphilis monitoring data of pregnant women were analyzed retrospectively in Baoshan district of Shanghai from 2004 to 2009. Results The positive rate of syphilis in pregnant women was 0.31％ ( 195/63 227 ).Among them,residing and migratory pregnant women accounted for 0.17％ (37/22 287) and 0.39％ (158/40 940) respectively (X2 =22.699,P ＜0.01 ). A total of 145 cases received the examination of treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA).And 136 cases were positive.The positive rate of rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) was 51.35％(19/37) in residing early pregnant women and 24.68％ (39/158) in migratory counterparts (X2 =22.192,P =0.000).And 152 cases were followed up to record pregnancy outcomes,including normal delivery of live births ( n =146 ),artificial termination of pregnancy ( n =3 ),stillbirth and spontaneous abortion ( n =3). Forty-three cases became lost. And the rate of loss was 22.78％(36/158) in migratory pregnant women and 18.92％(7/37) in residing counterparts. Conclusions It is imperative to improve the prevention and control mechanisms of pregnancy syphilis and the model of consulting services. We should also pay more attention to screening and follow-up work in migratory pregnant women.

An extended 5-generation family has been investigated in which 32 of the 111 family members were diagnosed as having retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The proband was a 58-year old male in whom night-blindness was first observed in early childhood, with almost loss of vision by 52 years of age. The symptoms observed in other family members included night-blindness, impaired vision and visual field loss. Dementia, digital abnormalities, deaf-mutism and mental retardation were variously diagnosed in a number of individuals with RP. The affected and unaffected family members were tested for mutations in a range of candidate genes. The 8 exons of three candidate genes have been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing techniques. A novel mutation was identified in the rhodopsin gene at codon 52 of exon 1 (TTC-TAC) that resulted in a substitution of Phe to Tyr.
DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; *Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Pedigree ; *Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of wrist arthroscopy in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC).Methods A retrospective case series study was performed on the clinical data of 15 SNAC patients admitted from March 2011 to January 2016.There were 12 males and three females,with a mean age of 32 years (range,26-43 years).There were nine cases of right wrist injury and six cases of left wrist injury.The injury duration was 14-72 months,with an average of 18 months.According to the evaluation of the extent of wrist joint inflammation involvement under wrist arthroscopy,there were nine cases at SNAC Ⅰ stage,four at stage Ⅱ,and two at stage Ⅲ.Stage Ⅰ patients underwent wrist arthroscopy assisted radius styloid process resection,scaphoid sclerosis bone removal,and iliac bone grafting and internal fixation.Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients underwent wrist arthroscopy assisted removal of most of the scaphoid and fusion fixation of skull bone and lunate bone.Joint healing time in the first month of fracture and fusion,visual analogue score (VAS) before operation and at the last follow up,joint mobility,and grip strength were recorded.Wrist function was evaluated by modified Mayo wrist function score at the last follow up.Results The patients were followed up for 9-23 months,with an average of 14 months.All cases were seen primary bone healing.The mean time of fracture healing was 11.7 weeks in stage Ⅰ SNAC patients and the mean healing time was 11 weeks in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients in the first month of joint fusion.VAS decreased from (5.9 ± 0.8) points to (1.6 ± 0.9) points.Range of motion of the wrist including the flexion/extension arc and the radial/ulnar deviation arc increased respectively from preoperative (38.7 ± 6.3) °,(28.6 ± 11.2) °,(19.8 ± 1.4) °and (22.7±5.7) ° to postoperative (54.1 ±5.8)°,(43.3±9.3)°,(22.0±1.9) ° and (30.3± 4.3) °.Grip strength was improved from preoperative (10.7 ± 2.4) kg to postoperative (15.0 ± 1.9) kg (all P ＜ 0.05).The modified Mayo wrist score was increased from preoperative (57.9 ± 7.3) points to postoperative (84.5 ± 6.9) points (P ＜ 0.05).According to modified Mayo wrist scores,the result was excellent in one case,good in nine cases and fair in five.Conclusions For patients with SNAC,it is necessary to evaluate the staging under wrist arthroscopy.Arthroscopy assisted scaphoid bone grafting can be applied to stage Ⅰ patients.For stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients,wrist arthroscopy-assisted removal of most of the scaphoid and fusion fixation of skull bone and lunate bone is helpful to facilitate bone healing,relieve pain,and improve function.

Objective To compare the efficacy of percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation assisted by wrist arthroscopy and percutaneous hollow screw fixation under fluoroscopy in the treatment of scaphoid fresh fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted on the clinical data of 34 patients with scaphoid fresh fractures admitted from April 2009 to January 2016,including 23 males and 11 females,aged 21-44 years,with an average of 28.9 years.There were 21 cases on the right side and 13 cases on the left side.According to the classification of Herbert scaphoid fractures,there were 25 cases of type B2 and nine cases of type B3.The duration from injury to operation was 1-13 d,with an average of 3.2 d.According to the different surgical methods,the patients were divided into arthroscopic assisted percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation group (Group A,16 cases) and percutaneous hollow screw fixation under fluoroscopy group (Group B,18 cases).In Group A,four cases were treated with autogenous iliac bone graft,and three cases with scapholunate ligament injury were treated with fixation of scaphoid joint with stage Ⅰ Kirschner wire.The operation time,hospitalization time,bone healing time,visual analogue scale (VAS),disabilities of arm,shoulder and hand score (DASH),modified Mayo wrist function score,and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The patients were followed up for 6-12 months,averaging 7.5 months.The operation time of Group A and Group B was (52.3 ± 11.2) minutes and (42.5 ± 9.7) minutes,respectively (P ＜ 0.01),hospitalization time was (3.9 ± 1.4) d and (4.1 ± 1.5) d respectively (P ＞ 0.05),bone healing time was (11.8 ± 1.4) weeks and (13.2 ± 2.4) weeks respectively (P ＜ 0.05),VAS was (1.1 ± 0.6) points and (1.8 ± 0.7) points respectively (P ＜ 0.05),DASH score was (14.1 ± 5.3) points and (17.2 ± 7.8) points respectively (P ＞ 0.05),and modified Mayo wrist score was (92.1 ± 6.6) points and (85.4 ± 7.5) points respectively (P ＜0.05).One case of early Kirschner wire loosening occurred in Group A,and one case of nonunion and another of residual scapholunate instability were found in Group B.Conclusion For fresh scaphoid fractures with displacement,percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation assisted by wrist arthroscopy can shorten operation time,promote fracture healing,relieve pain,and improve wrist joint function compared with percutaneous hollow screw fixation under fluoroscopy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of wrist arthroscopy-assisted repair of stable or slightly unstable type Ⅰ B triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury of distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ).Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 42 patients with type Ⅰ B TFCC injuries admitted from May 2015 to August 2017,including 17 males and 25 females,aged 18-64 years,with an average of 38 years.Among the patients,20 were injured on the left side,and 22 on the right side.During the operation,if the injury was diagnosed as type Ⅰ B injury under wrist arthroscopy,outside in method with 3-0 purdis stitch was adopted to repair TFCC after joint cleaning.After the operation,the wrist joint was fixed in a neutral rotation position for 3 weeks with a long arm plaster over the elbow and then replaced with a short arm plaster for 2-3 weeks.Visual analogue scale (VAS),grip strength,joint mobility,modified Mayo wrist function score,and disabilities of arm,shoulder and hand score (DASH) before operation and at the last follow-up were compared.Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months,with an average of 11 months.No infection or nerve injury occurred after operation.At the last follow up,wrist pain disappeared in 13 cases completely,while 29 cases still had pain during moderate activities.VAS was decreased from preoperative (2.7 ± 0.9) points to (1.2 ± 1.0) points (P ＜ 0.05).The grip strength was increased from preoperative (20.6 ± 8.3) kg to postoperative (22.5 ± 8.5) kg (P ＜ 0.05).The wrist flexion and extension,radial ulnar deviation,and forearm rotation were increased from preoperative (116.4 ± 26.0) °,(36.7 ± 10.7) °,and (137.9 ±29.1) ° to postoperative (119.4 ± 22.8) ° (P ＞ 0.05),(40.0 ± 10.6) ° (P ＜ 0.05),and (148.9 ±21.4) ° (P ＜ 0.05).The modified Mayo wrist function score increased from preoperative (67.3 ±9.6) points to postoperative (84.4 ± 6.7) points.The results were excellent in 13 cases,good in 24,and fair in five,with an excellent and good rate of 88％.The DASH score decreased from (34.6 ± 10.2)points to (10.4 ± 6.5) points after operation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For patients with stable or slightly unstable type ⅠB TFCC injury of DRUJ,synovial membrane cleaning under wrist arthroscopy plus capsule repair combined with active rehabilitation training can effectively reduce wrist pain,and improve wrist radial ulnar deviation,forearm rotation and grip strength as well as improve wrist joint function.

Aseptic necrosis of lunate bone (Kienb(o)ck's disease) is a comnon cause of wrist pain in clinic.After more than a century of research,although progress has been made in the etiology,pathogenesis and clinical treatment of lunar bone aseptic necrosis,its pathogenesis remains unclear.At present,it is generally believed that the blood supply destruction of lunar bone due to trauma is one of the causes for aseptic necrosis of lunar bone.Treatnent varies according to different classifications,yet without unified or clarified therapeutic regimen.Wrist arthroscopy is a new method for Kienb(o)ck's disease.This article reviews the different stages and treatment methods of traumatic simple Kienb(o)ck's disease,providing reference for clinical treatment.

An extended 5-generation family has been investigated in which 32 of the 111 family members were diagnosed as having retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The proband was a 58-year old male in whom night-blindness was first observed in early childhood, with almost loss of vision by 52 years of age. The symptoms observed in other family members included night-blindness, impaired vision and visual field loss. Dementia, digital abnormalities, deaf-mutism and mental retardation were variously diagnosed in a number of individuals with RP. The affected and unaffected family members were tested for mutations in a range of candidate genes. The 8 exons of three candidate genes have been analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing techniques. A novel mutation was identified in the rhodopsin gene at codon 52 of exon 1 (TTC-TAC) that resulted in a substitution of Phe to Tyr.
DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

There is a high probability of scaphoid nonunion after scaphoid fracture, which can lead to wrist arthritis and further to progressive aggravation of joint function, seriously affecting daily life and work. Currently, there are a variety of treatment methods for scaphoid bone nonunion at home and abroad, and surgical treatment is the major option, which includes open surgery and arthroscopy assisted minimally invasive surgery. Different operative methods have corresponding indications and contraindications with different therapeutic effects. Arthroscopic assisted technique is novel, minimally invasive, and reliable. This article reviews the treatment methods of scaphoid nonunion, including screw internal fixation, non vascularized bone graft, vascularized bone graft, anastomotic vascularized bone graft, bone block resection, arthrodesis, and arthroscopic minimally invasive surgery, so as to provide references for clinical treatment of scaphoid nonunion.