OBJECTIVE To characterize the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection occurred in tumor hospital and therefore provide the information in rational administration of antibiotics to tumor patients complicated with infection.METHODS Flora cultivation and isolation were operated with the methods described by the National Clinical Laboratory Operational Regulations.Flora was identified with the VITEK-32 automatic identifier,and bacteria-susceptibility test was operated with Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Totally 1280 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated;they comprised 874 strains of G-bacteria and 416 strains of G+ bacteria.In this study,the isolation rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter,Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were 14.92%,14.92%,14.06%,13.91% and 10.47%,respectively;whereas that of Streptococcus Group D and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.06% and 7.70%,respectively.Both E.coli and S.aureus were much resistant to antimicrobial agents tested;while imipenem and vancomycin might be chosen for the G-and G+bacteria infection.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial spectrum and their drug-resistance characteristics in the tumor hospital are quite similar to that encountered in general hospitals.So the information on nosocomial infection control from the latter is of great importance in directing on and carrying out the same job in tumor hospital.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rHGF on liver regeneration after partial transplantation.Methods The partial orthotopic liver transplanted model was established in SD rats with two-cuff technique. In experimental group, immediate after operation, 500 ?g/kg rHGF was administered intravenously twice a day. Same vehicle of saline was administered as control. The rats were (killed) randomly on the day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after operation. The serum levels of albumin and alanine (aminotransferase) were detected. Each liver was removed and weighed. The expression of Ki-67 antigen was detected by using immunohistochemistry assay. The regeneration response of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The wet weigh in rHGF group was significantly larger than that in control group 1, 2 days after transplantation. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase was (lower) and that of albumin was higher in rHGF group than in control group 4, 7 days after operation. The proliferating index and Ki-67 labeling index of graft in rHGF group were higher than in control group.Conclusion rHGF can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes after partial transplantation.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

Objectives:To clarify whether the bone mineral density (BMD) differed from normal and whether the mandibular BMD changed with age in young adults with moderate periodontitis. Methods:30 patients (20-35 years old) with moderate adult periodontitis and 30 individuals (20-35 years old) with normal periodontal condition as control group were included in present study. BMD of the mandible was measured using panoramic mandibular index(PMI) from panoramic radiographic film. Results:The sPMI and iPMI value were 0.275 0?0.034 and 0.527 3?0.096 (normal group), 0.223 3?0.024 and 0.367 3?0.069 (periodontitis patients) respectively.The PMI value of periodontitis patients was significantly decreased compared to that of normal group, and showed a significant correlation with age.Conclusions:Moderate periodontitis in young adults seem to be a local disorder associated with relatively low PMI in the jaws. Age-related decrease in mean PMI with increasing age in both normal and periodontitis patients is founded.Dental panoramic radiograph may serve as a simple tool in mandibular BMD defection.

Objective To compare the efficiency of bacteria culture and PCR assays for detection of Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae) in laboratory rats and mice.Methods Bacteria culture combined with biochemical identification and PCR assay were used to detect 78 SPF rats and 422 SPF mice and the results of the two methods were compared .Results All the 78 rats were negative .Of the 422 mice, the positive rate by culture was 7.11%(30/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 22 were P.aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.The positive rate by PCR was 7.58%(32/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 25 were P. aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.Conclusions The high sensitivity , rapid procedure and easy to operate of PCR assay makes it valuable for rapid bacteria diagnosis and large-scale screening in laboratory animals .

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of piezoelectric osteotomy in lateral sinus floor augmentation.Meth-ods:53 implants were placed in 30 sites after lateral sinus floor augmentation(LSFA)in 29 patients by piezoelectric osteotomy.47 implants were placed simultaneously with LSFA,6 were delayed.6-8 months after implantation,the final fixed prostheses were per-formed.The patients were followed-up at 3,6,and 12th months after restoration.Results:The mean residual bone height(RBH) was 4.46 mm before operation.The mean height of sinus elevation was 7.34 mm after operation.No membrane perforation occurred. Peri-implantitis,peri-implant mucositis and implant mobility were not found during follow-up.X-ray examination showed good os-seointegration in the interface between the implants and bones.The implant survival rate and the operation success rate were 100%. Conclusion:The application of piezosurgery is safe and reliable in lateral sinus floor augmentation.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of vestibular migraine in patients from the clinic and ward of the neurological department in comprehensive hospitals.Methods A total of 226 patients diagnosed as vestibular migraine were enrolled in the study.Clinical data were collected and analyzed,including the medical history,clinical symptoms and signs,as well as the result of diagnostic examinations.Results The mean age of the patients at the visit was 51.7 years old,with the male to female ratio of 1:1.48.The occurrence of vertigo and migraine varied in order,with 53.1％ (120/226) patients presented migraine several years before vertigo.The duration time of vertigo ranged from seconds to days,with 1.8％ (4/226) patients presented no headache during the whole course.Several punctate long T2 or high FLARE (fluid attented inversion recovery) signals scattered at the centrum ovale.Conclusions Vestibular migraine has complex mechanism and presents multiple clinical manifestations with certain regularities of the onset.Differential diagnosis should be made from the similar diseases.

Objective To summarize the clinical effect of Doty procedure on surgical treatment for patients with congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS).Methods Between Jan.2009 and Jun.2013,12 cases of consecutive patients underwent surgical corrections of SVAS using Doty procedure.Among them,Williams' syndrome were present in 5 patients.Nine cases were male,and 3 cases were female.Mean age was(5.3 ±4.2) years(9 months to 12 years) and mean weight was (11.5 ± 5.3) kg (7.5-32.0 kg).Echocardiography and Computed Tomography confirmed the diagnosis.SVAS was discrete in 9 patients and diffuse in 3 patients.Mean peak preoperative gradient was 6.86-16.23 (11.07± 3.68) kPa,with 3 patients above 13.33 kPa.Bicuspid aortic valve was present in 2 patients,mild aortic valve stenosis in 1 patient,mild aortic regurgitation in 2 patients,1 patient with subaortic membrane,3 patients with stenosis of the left or the right pulmonary artery,1 patient with pulmonary valve stenosis,2 patients with PDA,moderate to severe mitral insufficiency in 1 patients.Surgery was performed using Doty procedure through median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass.Results Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was (85 ± 26)min (68-129 min).Mean time of aortic clamp was (51 ± 16) min(43-68 min).There was no early death and low cardiac output syndrome.Mild ST segment change was present in 5 patients and occasional premature beat was in 3 patients.Ventilator was applied for 7 to 38 h and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit treatment was done for 1 to 4 d.The mean peak supravalvular gradient measured postoperatively was (2.18 ± 1.09) kPa.Follow-up data were available for 11 patients,ranged from 6 months to 3 years.The gradients across supravalvular were lower than 3.33 kPa,except for 2 patients with severe SVAS preoperatively.There was no late death,dizzy or palpitation during follow-up.Conclusion Doty produce for SVAS can get satisfactory clinical results.

Objective To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of the sole local anesthetic ropivacaine with the combination of both local anesthetic ropivacaine and opioidergic analgesic sufen-tanil given epidurally on the labor pain control.Methods After institutional review board approval and patient consent,a total of 481 nulliparas requesting epidural labor analgesia were randomized into two groups:a sole local anesthetic group (0.125% ropivacaine,group R)and a combination of local anesthetic and opioidergic analgesic group (0.125% ropivacaine+0.3 μg/ml sufentanil,group RS). Analgesic efficacy was measured using numerical rating scale (NRS)of pain and maternal visual ana-logue scale (VAS)analgesia satisfaction with regard to the first and the second stage of labor.Anal-gesic safety was measured with the Bromage scale of maternal safety and epidural labor analgesia re-lated side effects,as well as fetal safety including Apgar scoring and umbilical cord artery blood gas a-nalysis.Results A total of 346 participants completed the study,with 1 64 and 182 women in each group R and RS,respectively.The median NRS pain score during the first stage of labor was signifi-cantly lower in the combination group (2.2,IQR:1.8-2.7 )comparing to the sole local analgesic group (2.4,IQR:2-2.8)(P <0.001).No significant difference was observed in NRS pain score dur-ing the second stage of labor.Patients in both groups were rated the same VAS satisfaction of analge-sia.Patients in the sole local analgesic group experienced fewer side effects than those in the combina-tion group (37.7% versus 47.2%,P =0.082).The incidence of 1-min Apgar≤7 was lower in the sole local analgesic group 2 (1.2%) than the combination group 10 (5.5%) (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The sole local anesthetic ropivacaine produces a comparable labor analgesic effect as the combination of both local anesthetic ropivacaine and opioidergic analgesic sufentanil but the former has less maternal side effects,and less incidence of lower 1-min Apgar scoring.