Objective To investigate the incidence and the species distribution of catheter‐related bloodstream infection(CRBSI) in the intensive care unit(ICU) at our hospital ,and analyze the risk factors for CRBSI .Methods The hospitalized patients microbi‐ologically diagnosed as CRBSl were included in this study from January 2012 to June 2013 .Data were collected retrospectively and analyzed by software SPSS 19 .0 .Results There were 67 patients were diagnosed as nosocomial CRBSI of 987 cases ,in which 24 cases (35 .8% )died in the hospital .Eighty one strains were detected from 67 cases of CRBSI ,including 42 Gram‐positive(G+ ) bac‐teria(51 .9% ) ,36 Gram‐negative(G-)bacteria (44 .4% ) ,and 3 fungi(3 .7% ) .Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant patho‐genic G+ bacteria ,and Acinetobacter baumannii was predominant G - bacteria .With multiple logistic regressions ,age≥65 ,high A‐PACHEⅡ score and polymicrobial CRBSI were independent predictors of worse outcome .Conclusion Within the latest 18 months , the prevalence of pathogens infection are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Acinetobacter baumannii in CRBSI in ICU .Advanced age , disease severity and polymicrobial CRBSI should be regarded as significant independent risk factor of the CRBSI patients in ICU for mortality .

Objective:To determine the dose-effect relationship of nalbuphine preventing injection pain of medium plus long chain triglyceride propofol in pediatric patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy.Methods:Pediatric patients, aged 3-8 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective gastroenteroscopy, were enrolled in the study.The doses of nalbuphine were determined by up-down sequential allocation, nalbuphine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously in the first child, and 5 min later medium plus long chain triglyceride propofol 2.5 mg/kg was given intravenously.Ambesh 4-point method was used to evaluate the injection pain of propofol.When the prevention of injection pain was ineffective, the dose of nalbuphine was increased in the next patient, otherwise the dose was reduced, and the difference between the two successive doses was 0.01 mg/kg.This process was repeated until the 7th turning point occurred.The ED 50 and ED 95 of nalbuphine and 95% confidence interval (CI) preventing injection pain of propofol were calculated by Probit regression. Results:The ED 50 and ED 95 (95% CI) of nalbuphine preventing medium plus long chain triglyceride propofol injection pain were 1.57 (1.50-1.62) and 1.71 (1.64-2.05) mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion:The ED 50 and ED 95 of nalbuphine preventing injection pain of medium plus long chain triglyceride propofol are 1.57 and 1.71 mg/kg, respectively, in pediatric patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy.