This study was aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin in mice. A total of 80 mice were divided into 4 groups, which were 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1 by the random number table. Intragastric administration was given once a day for 90 days in the assessment of subchronic toxicity of diosgenin among mice. The observed indexes contained body weight, fur color, diet, feces, and etc. The detected indexes contained blood routine analysis, blood biochemistry and pathological examination. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weights of mice in the male medication group were slight reduced. There were no significant hematologic and pathologic abnormalities. It was concluded that the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin with no observed adverse effect dose level was more than 400 mg·kg-1. The oral administration was relatively safe.

BACKGROUND:Biliary stent is widely used in different biliary tract surgeries, and there are some defects in the use of biliary stent. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biodegradability and compatibility of polylactide/glycolide biliary stent. METHODS:The polylactide/glycolide biliary stent was prepared, and immersed in the bile. At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after soaking, eight experimental stents were dried and placed under the scanning electron microscope. In the sterile condition, the stent was implanted under the rat skin. At 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after implantation, two rats were sacrificed. The stent was taken out. The appearance of the stent and muscle structure of experimental animals was observed. The gross appearance of stent was observed at different time by scanning electron microscopy. The rate of degradation was calculated. The muscle structure of experimental animal and the stent were understood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1 week, stent shape remained almost intact, but the texture became soft;surface roughness and cracks gradual y appeared;stent wal col apse was visible. The stent was completely degraded at 5 weeks. Before degradation, the stent presented clear three-dimensional reticular structure observed by scanning electron microscopy. With the time extended, the stent surface and section corrosion became worsened. By gel permeation chromatography detection, at 1 week of implantation, the molecular mass of the stent declined rapidly, and then gradual y declined. At 2 weeks, the relative molecular mass decreased to 15 000. At 4 weeks, stent mass loss was approximately 40%. Al the experimental animals were survived, no poisoning, al ergy or heat source response. The operative wound was healed wel , and no infection occurred. By histological observation, at 5 weeks, the stent was completely degraded, with a degradation rate of 100%. Surrounding muscles recovered to a normal state. These results indicate that the polylactide/glycolide biliary stent has good degradation in vitro and biocompatibility.

This paper described the application of WeChat public platform and WeChat groups in hospital culture development.As proposed by the authors,WeChat can be used by the hospitals to strengthen media integration,cultivate medical personnel′s media literacy,improve the supervision mechanism of WeChat,take tide of the new media trend,and adhere to the cultural development,thus leading the reform and development of the hospital.

Objective By collecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) periodontal parameters,analyzing the general information and clinical indicators to understand the relationship between RA and periodontitis.Methods From December 2014 to May 2016,132 cases of RA,50 cases of the periodontitis group were enrolled.Their periodontal parameters,general data and clinical indicators were analyzed and the measurement data were compared with t test.Counting data was compared by Chi square or Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence rate of periodontal disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was high (73％).When the RA complicated with periodontitis group and RA without periodontitis group were compared,the C-reactive protein (CRP) [(43±33) mg/L,(30±27) mg/L,t=2.213,P＜0.05],erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [(50±30) mm/1 h,(38±25) mm/1 h,t=2.263,P＜0.05],rheumatoid factor (RF) [(319±368) U/ml,(174±228) U/ml,t=2.783,P＜0.05],anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) [(511 ±700) AU/ml,(262±429)AU/ml,t=2.535,P＜0.05],the positive rate of anti-CCP [80 (83％),17 (47％),x2=17.522,P＜0.001],health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) (2.5±0.8),(2.2±0.8),t=2.011,P＜0.05) of the RA complicated periodontitis group was statistically significantly different,but disease activity score (DAS)28 (5.5±0.7,5.3±0.7,t=1.970,P＞0.05) was not statistically significantly different.The anti-CCP positive group and anti-CCP negative group were compared in the number of patients with missing teeth [22 (23％),15 (43％),x2=5.19,P＜0.05],missing teeth number (3.5±1.5,2.5±1.4,t=2.004,P＞0.05),probingdepth (PD) (5.3±1.4) mm,(5.0±1.4) mm,t=1.094,P＞0.05),clinicalattachmentLevel (CAL) (5.2±1.4) mm,(4.9±1.5) mm,t=0.946,P＞0.05),bleedingon-probing (BOP) [17 (18％),7 (20％),x2=0.106,P＞0.05) was not statistically significant.Periodontitis with RA group and periodontitis group were compared with the number of patients with missing teeth [21(42％),5(10％),x2=4.11,P＜0.05],number of missing teeth (1.10±0.29,1.20±0.40,t=0.638,P＞0.05),PD [(4.3±1.7) mm,(3.2±1.4) mm,t=4.902,P＜0.05],CAL [(3.9±2.0) mm,(3.4±1.7) mm,t=2.18,P＜0.05],BOP [18(36％),9(18％),x2=13.306,P＜0.05] and CRP [(30±26) mg/L,(20±16) mg/L,t=3.820,P＜0.05],ESR [(45±21) mm/1 h,(32±18) mm/1 h,t=3.047,P＜0.05],was statistically significantly different.Conclusion The incidence of periodontitis in patients with RA is high;periodontitis may have a certain promoting effect on RA,and RA may also have some promoting effects on periodontitis.

Objective To detect the serum levels of epidermal growth factor（EGF）in rheumatoid arthritis（RA）patients,and explore the possible role of EGF in RA.Methods The serum level of EGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）in 38 RA patients diagnosed according to dianostic criteria for RA by American Rheumatism Association and 20 healthy controls.Rheumatoid factor（RF）,erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）and C-creative protein（CRP）were also measured in these 38 RA patients.The relation beween the serum level changes of EGF and the corresponding clinical indexes in the two groups was statistically analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy individuals,the serum EGF levels of RA patients increased significantly（P 0.05）.Compared with simple bone rarefaction patients,the serum levels of EGF increased significantly in the bone erosion patients（P 0.05）.The serum levels of EGF in RA patients had no correlation with RF,ESR and CRP levels（P 0.05）.Conclusion The evident increase of serum EGF level in RA patients,especially in bone erosion patients,suggests that EGF may partly play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Hem-o-lok in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Methods A total of 178 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy from November 2003 to November 2006.The operation was performed through 3 lumbar ports.The renal artery and veins were blocked with the Hem-o-lok and then severed.The ureter was cut at the site near the iliac blood vessel.For living donor nephrectomy,the kidney was taken out and infused with 4℃ kidney preserving fluid immediately.Results The operation was successfully completed in all the 178 cases and there was no conversion to open surgery.No Hem-o-lok ligating clips became dislodged.The mean operation time was 100 min(60-200 min),and the mean blood loss was 95 ml(20-200 ml).Complications included renal vein injury in 1 patient and pancreatic tail injury in 1 patient.The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5 days(4-8 days).Pathological results showed renal clear cell carcinoma in 65 patients,renal cystadenocarcinoma in 3 patients,renal leiomyosarcoma in 1 patient,renal lymphoma in 1 patient,renal oncocytoma in 2 patients,renal hamartoma in 2 patients,ureteral transitional cell carcinoma in 12 patients,ureteral squamous cell carcinoma in 2 patients,renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma in 31 patients,renal pelvis xanthogranuloma in 1 patient,renal tuberculosis in 4 patients,accessory kidney in 1 patient,renal calculus in 4 patients,nephrohydrosis in 4 patients,and renal abscess in 1 patient.A total of 136 patients were followed for 1-36 months(mean,25 months),involving 64 patients followed for

To construct an HSV-1 vector vaccine carrying HIV-1 antigens, HIV-1 gp160, gag, protease and the expression elements were chained together, and then inserted into the internal inverted repeat sequence region of HSV-1 by bacterial artificial chromosome technology. Firstly, HIV-1 gp160 (including type B and C), gag and protease genes were cloned into pcDNA3 in series to generate the pcDNA/gBgp and pcDNA/gCgp, then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into 293FT cells, and HIV-1 antigen was detected from transfected cells by Western blotting. Then the expression cassettes from pcDNA/gBgp and pcDNA/gCgp, comprising HIV-1 antigen genes and expression elements, were cloned into pKO5/BN to generate the shuttle plasmids pKO5/BN/gBgp and pKO5/BN/gCgp. The shuttle plasmids were electroporated into E. coli cells that harbor an HSV-BAC, the recombinant bacteria were screened, and the recombinant DNA was extracted and transfected into Vero cells. The recombinant virus was purified through picking plaques, the virus' DNAs were identified by Southern blotting; HIV-1 antigen was detected from the recombinant HSV-1 infected cells by Western blotting, and the virus' replication competent was analyzed. As the results, gp160 and gag proteins were detected from 293FT cells transfected with pcDNA/gBgp and pcDNA/gCgp by Western blotting. The recombinant bacteria were generated from the E. coli electroporated with pKO5/BN/gBgp or pKO5/BN/gCgp. The recombinant HSV was purified from the Vero cells transfected with the recombinant DNA, the unique DNA fragment was detected from the genome of recombination HSV by Southern blotting; gp120 and gp41 were detected from the infected cells by Western blotting, and the recombinant HSV retained replication competent in mammalian cells. The results indicate that the recombinant HSV carrying HIV-1 gp160, gag and protease genes was generated, the virus retains replication competent in mammalian cells, and could be used as a replicated viral vector vaccine.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; DNA, Recombinant ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; HIV Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp160 ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV Protease ; genetics ; immunology ; Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines ; immunology ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; physiology ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; immunology

Electric and electronic products are required to pass through the certification on electrical safety performance before entering into the market in order to reduce electrical shock and electrical fire so as to protect the safety of people and property. The leakage current is the most important factor in testing the electrical safety performance and the test theory is based on the perception current effect and threshold. The traditional method testing the current threshold for perception only depends on the sensing of the human body and is affected by psychological factors. Some authors filter the effect of subjective sensation by using physiological and psychological statistical algorithm in recent years and the reliability and consistency of the experiment data are improved. We established an experiment system of testing the human hody's current threshold for perception based on EEG feature analysis, and obtained 967 groups of data. We used wavelet packet analysis to detect a wave from EEG, and used FFT to do spectral analysis on alpha wave before and after the current flew through the human body. The study has shown that about 97.72% alpha wave energy changes significantly when electrical stimulation occurs. It is well proved that when the EEG feature identification is applied to test the human body current threshold for perception, and meanwhile alpha wave energy change and human body sensing are used together to confirm if the current flowing through the human body reaches the perception threshold, the measurement of the human body current threshold for perception could be carried out objectively and accurately.
Algorithms ; Electric Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensory Thresholds ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective To investigate the efficacy of plasmapheresis therapy for treating the antibody-mediated acute rejection (AMR) after kidney transplantation.Methods The study group consists of 2 male patients and 3 female patients,who suffered with AMR after receiving first-time allograft renal transplantation from January 2011 to September 2013 in our hospital.The age ranged from 41 to 52 years old,average 46 years old.The preoperative diagnosis in all patients was chronic renal insufficiency (uremia stage) and the regular hemodialysis was given to them.The 5 patients received basic immunosuppressive therapy,including cyclosporine A [5 mg/(kg · d)] or FKS06 [0.1 mg/(kg · d)],mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (1.5 g/d) and steroids.All the antibody-mediated acute rejections were diagnosed by renal allograft biopsy and serum DSA determination within 2 weeks after transplantation.Seven cycles of plasmapheresis rescue therapy were given to those patients respectively after the failure therapy of high dose of corticosteroids (1 000 mg/d) and ALG (250 mg/d).4 cases with primary glomerulonephritis,whose preoperative serum creatinine level was (784± 154) μ mol/L,were given plasmapheresis therapy within 2 weeks after transplantation.One case with primary anti-glomerular basement membrane disease,whose preoperative serum creatinine level was 935 μmol/L,received plasmapheresis 35 d after transplantation.The serum DSA in all patients was positive before plasmapheresis.Results After 7 cycles of plasmapheresis rescue therapy,the AMR was reversed in four 4 cases,whose plasmapheresis was given within 2 weeks after transplantation.Within three months follow-up,their renal function recovered well,which the mean serum creatinine level was (113± 12) μmol/L.In the case,whose plasmapheresis was given 35 days after transplantation,rejection was not reversed.His serum creatinine was 524 μmol/L and the intermittent hemodialysis was given,subsequently.With a follow-up of 12 months,the ultrasound examination showed that the atrophy of transplanted kidney and a high level of serum creatinine (758 μmol/L).Low dose of FK506 (0.5 mg/d) was given based on those results.Conclusions Active application of plasmapheresis can effectively reverse antibodymediated acute rejection within two weeks after transplantation.

Objective A kidney transplantation patient who was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) caused by passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) was reviewed.Method A male kidney transplantation patient aged 31 was admitted due to severe anemia.Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive and reticulocyte was elevated significantly,and PLS was diagnosed.He was treated with blood transfusion,glucocorticoid and intravenous immunoglobulin,and recovered at last.Result PLS is a rare but important cause of AIHA after kidney transplantation,often occurs in blood type A patient who received a kidney from a blood type O donor.Final diagnosis depends on the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibody in recipient serum.Conclusion PLS should be considered when anemia with unknown reasons occurred in kidney transplantation patients.