Objective To establish a calculation method for the voiding work parameters by using the detrusor power curve and to evaluate its clinic efficacy.Methods From January 2001 to January 2011,132 male patients with benign prostate hyperplasia who underwent urodynamic tests were retrospectively reviewed.The patients' age ranged from 45 to 84 years old (mean 57 years old).All patients had no previous history of neurological disease and no positive findings in neurological examinations.The voiding work of bladder,the voiding power of bladder and voiding energy consumption were calculated by using the detrusor power curve method and the linearized passive urethral resistance relation analysis was conducted.According to the detrusor status,all patients were divided into the decreased detrusor pressure group,the normal detrusor pressure group and the increased detrusor pressure group.Meanwhile,normal urethral resistance group and the increased urethral resistance group were classified according to the urethral resistance status.The detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (PdetQmax),the maximal flow rate (Qmax),the projected isovolumetric pressure (PIP),the voiding work,the voiding power and the voiding energy consumption were compared among the different groups.Results There were 56 cases,58 cases,18 cases in the decreased,normal and the increased detrusor pressure group respectively.The voiding work were (1.1 ± 0.5)J,(1.7± 0.7)J,(2.1±1.2)J; the voiding power were (15.3±7.3)mW,(31.9±12.6)mW,(42.5±21.1)mW; and the voiding energy consumption were (3.9± 1.2) J/L,(5.2± 1.9) J/L,(6.2±3.2) J/L in those three groups,respectively.With the increasing of detrusor pressure,PdetQ Q PIP,the voiding work,the voiding power and the voiding energy consumption all increased among three groups with significant difference (P＜ 0.05).There were 51 cases,81 cases in the normal and the increased urethral resistance group.The voiding work were (1.5±0.7)J and (1.5±0.8)J;the voiding power were (32.3±13.2)mW and (22.6±16.3)mW and the voiding energy consumption were (3.8±0.7) J/L and (5.4±2.4) J/L in two groups.The increased urethral resistance group had higher PdetQmax and voiding energy consumption (P＜0.05) and lower Qmax and voiding power (P＜0.05) than those in the normal urethral resistance group.However,the differences of PIP (P =0.438) and the voiding work (P =0.546) between the two groups were not determined.Conclusions The detrusor power curve method can be used to calculate the work parameters of voiding.This method can be applied to evaluate the compensatory state of bladder and is conductive to urodynamic analysis in low detrusor pressure status.Both detrusor pressure and urethral resistance had significant impact on the work capacity of bladder.

Metastasis is the essential character of biological behaviors in malignancies,which is also the main reason for the death of patients with tumor. So it is very important to research the metastasis for the pre-vention and treatment of carcinomas. Rectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancer,and its prognosis is bad. lymphatic metastasis is one important factor in the determination of colon cancer' s progno-sis. More than 50% patients are found lymphatic metastasis when taking operation. The ralationship of lym-phatic metastasis and prognosis is more important than the original tumor's invasiving. So it is meaningful to study the mechanism of tumor metastasis, and to provide a scientific approach to the prediction of tumor me-tastasis, the precise assessment of prognosis and the treatment of tumor metastasis.

Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods 13 children of systemic lupus erythematosus with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura as the first symptom were analyzed retrospectively, who were admitted from Jan 2004 to Jun 2009 in our hospital. Results Thirteen cases were diagnosed as acute immune thrombocytopenie purpura according to clinical manifestations and bone marrow examination results. Hormones and intravenous gamma globulin treatment were ineffective. The immune parameters and other clinical manifestations were monitored. According to the characteristics of blood system change and the response to hormone, other immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporine A ,mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide were adminitrated. Thirteen children were diagnosed finally as systemic lupus erythematosus at 2 to 24 months from onset. Other immunosuppressive treatment was effective. Conclusion For children with thrombocytopenia, especially adolescent girls, we should pay attention to dynamic monitoring of anti-nuclear antibodies and other immunological parameters,for fear of the possibility of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of interventional treatment for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans and its complications.Methods We analyzed sixty-nine patients with lower extremities arteriosclerosis obliterans undergoing interventional treatment from October 2011 to January 2013.During the same period,three patients were referred to us who suffered from the complications of interventional treatment.In these patients,eight were TASC ⅡA type,twenty-one were TASC Ⅱ B,twenty TASC Ⅱ C,and twenty-two TASC Ⅱ D lesions.All patients received CTA or DSA.Seventy patients were treated by interventional treatment,and two who had fractured stent underwent external iliacsuperficial femoral artery bypass grafting using artificial grafts.Results The technique success rate was 100％.The symptoms disappeared after surgery.During interventional treatment,one iliac artery ruptured,one patient suffered from arterial perforation and three patients suffered from distal embolization.Sixty-eight patients were followed-up for 9 ± 4 months.Conclusions Endovascular treatment has good early clinical efficacy.In order to reduce the incidence of complications,indication of interventional treatment should be controlled strictly and manipulation should be careful.

Tetraspanins are a class of cell surface glycoproteins that are expressed very broadly, which can form a complex tetraspanins net by combining with many kinds of cell surface molecules such as integrins, signal proteins, growth factors and so on.In recent years, more and more studies suggest that tetraspanins are closely related to the invasion and metastasis of malignancies and show a certain clinical value, which can be used as new diagnosis and prognosis indicators of malignancy.

Objective To study the effects of Apelin on glucose toxicity and islet cells PDX-1 protein expression.Methods The islet β cell line NIT-1 cells were incubated in the medium containing different glucose concentrations(normal glucose concentration group 5.6 mmol/L,high glucose concentration group 16.7 mmol/L,extremely high glucose concentration group 33.3 mmol/L) and +/-Apelin-36 respectively for 3 d.Then the basic insulin secretion amount of islet cells and their secretion amount after glucose stimulation were detected.The intracellular insulin content and the PDX-1 protein and mRNA expression were detected.Results Compared with the normal glucose group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was declined(P＜ 0.05);compared with non-adding Apelin group,the basic insulin secretion,secretion after stimulation and intracellular insulin in the adding Apelin high glucose group and extremely high glucose group were significantly decreased and PDX-1 protein expression was decreased(P＜0.05);the insulin level in islet cells of 6 groups was positively correlated with PDX-1 protein expression and had no correlation with PDX-1 mRNA expression.Conclusion Apelin may participate in the glucose toxic effect by decreasing PDX-1 protein expression,causes the decrease of insulin secretion,thus plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Objective To investigate effectiveness of meta-cognitive intervention on aged people with middle depression. Methods Geriatrist Depression Scale(GDS) and Hamilton's Depression Scale ( HAMD-17 ) were used to screen out 70 aged people with middle depression from 850 retired soldier cadres dwelling in cpla dalian sanitarium. They were randomly divided into study group( n = 35 ) and control group( n = 35 ). The experimental group received meta-cognitive intervening and general nursing care for 8 weeks, while the control group only received general nursing care for 8 weeks. HAMD-17, GDS, global assessment scale(GAS) and the Metacognitions Questionnaire(MCQ-30) were administered both at the start and the end of the 8th week. Results The total scores in HAMD and GDS were decreased significantly in study group ( HAMD: ( 1 1.54 ± 2.50 ) vs ( 13.06 ±2.82),t= -2.378, P=0. 020;GDS:(12.51 ±2.43) vs (16.06 ±2.48), t= -6. 031, P=0. 000;GAS:(77.71 ±3.03) vs (75.63 ± 3.24), t = 2. 785, P = 0. 007 ). At the end of 8th week, the MCQ total score was significantly decreased in study group (38.69 ± 4. 17,81.37 ± 5.98, t = 34. 652, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion For aged people with middle depression,good effects are got by the meta-cognitive intervening technique and meta-cognitive intervening technique improve the meta-cognitive level of aged people with middle depressive mood.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for variceal rebleeding after esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy in patients with portal hypertension. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 244 patients with portal hypertension who were admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital from April 2010 to September 2015 and underwent esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy. According to the presence or absence of variceal rebleeding, these patients were divided into non-rebleeding group and rebleeding group. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were compared between the two groups. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for statistically significant variables identified by the univariate analysis. ResultsOf all 244 patients, 38 (15.6%) experienced variceal rebleeding. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in the history of variceal bleeding, preoperative ascites, total bilirubin after surgery, portal venous pressure after devascularization, portal venous pressure before and after splenectomy, and preoperative international normalized ratio (χ2=5530、4120，t=3591、4098、2516、2622、4278，P=0.016, 0.026, 0.008, 0.002, 0022, 0.012, and 0.003). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that variceal rebleeding after esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy was associated with the history of variceal bleeding (95%CI:1113-13704，P=0.033), preoperative ascites (95%CI:1257-5437,P=0.010), and portal venous pressure after devascularization (95%CI:1022-1172,P=0.010). ConclusionHistory of variceal bleeding, preoperative ascites, and portal venous pressure after devascularization are independent risk factors for variceal rebleeding after esophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after liver transplantation. MethodsThis report included 8 patients treated with liver transplantation who were admitted to the Liver Transplantation Center of Beijing YouAn Hospital from April 2011 to August 2016. The key points in the diagnosis of aGVHD and the experience in the treatment of this disease were summarized. ResultsThe key points in the diagnosis of aGVHD after liver transplantation were as follows: (1) aGVHD usually occur at two weeks to two months after liver transplantation; (2) fever, rash, diarrhea, and reduced whole blood cell count are typical clinical symptoms; (3) the percentage of donor T lymphocytes in peripheral blood is more than 10%; (4) there are typical histopathological manifestations. The experience in the treatment of aGVHD after liver transplantation were as follows: the overall steroid response rate is 20%-50%, and methylprednisolone (1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, one week) is recommended; high-dose glucocorticoids are not recommended, thus avoiding increased infection risk; high-dose immunosuppressant is one of the causes of aGVHD, and excessive application of immunosuppressant should be avoided in clinical practice; the prevention of respiratory infection and digestive tract infection was very important; enteral nutrition should be considered; second-line therapies such as siplizumab, antithymocyte globulin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor may play a certain therapeutic role; blood purification can be used to effectively eliminate cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which is helpful to the treatment of aGVHD. ConclusionThe diagnostic criteria for aGVHD after liver transplantation are mainly based on time of onset, clinical symptoms, peripheral blood T lymphocyte chimerism rate, and histopathology. Hormone shock and reducing the dose of immunosuppressant may be effective treatments.

Objective:To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of procyanidin on the proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of gastric cancer cell line SNU-1 in vitro. Methods:SNU-1 cells were divided into control group and 12.5, 50.0, 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups. The effect of procyanidin on the proliferation of SNU-1 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis level and ROS positive rate of cells were detected by flow cytometry, and 2 mmol/L glutathione was added to SNU-1 cells added with 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin to detect the apoptosis level and ROS positive rate of cells. The expression of apoptosis-related protein in cells was detected by Western blotting.Results:The results of CCK-8 experiment showed that the proliferation activities of SNU-1 cells in the control group and the 12.5, 50.0, 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups were 3.69±0.30, 3.29±0.41, 0.91±0.39, 0.45±0.22 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=279.84, P<0.001) . Compared with the control group, the proliferation activities of SNU-1 cells in the three procyanidin groups were significantly inhibited ( P=0.006, P<0.001, P<0.001) . The results of flow cytometry showed that the early apoptosis rates of SNU-1 cells in the control group and the 12.5, 50.0, 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups were (0.00±0.00) %, (0.00±0.00) %, (0.09±0.07) % and (0.45±0.22) % respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=7.14, P=0.003) . The 50.0 and 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups increased significantly compared with the control group ( P=0.003, P=0.007) . The late apoptosis rates of SNU-1 cells in the four groups were (0.00±0.00) %, (0.01±0.00) %, (6.98±0.77) % and (33.32±2.78) % respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=654.28, P=0.003) . The 50.0 and 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups increased significantly compared with the control group ( P<0.001, P<0.001) . The positive rates of ROS in SNU-1 cells in the four groups were (0.02±0.01) %, (0.10±0.05) %, (1.15±0.26) % and (1.58±0.22) % respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=162.24, P<0.001) . The 50.0 and 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups increased significantly compared with the control group ( P<0.001, P<0.001) . The positive rates of ROS in SNU-1 cells in the 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin group and the glutathione intervention group were (1.25±0.63) % and (0.13±0.02) % respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=5.39, P=0.001) . The early apoptosis rates of the two groups were (10.56±3.24) % and (2.09±0.24) % respectively, and the late apoptosis rates were (29.65±6.01) % and (23.63±1.52) % respectively, with statistically significant differences ( t=2.61, P=0.048; t=3.97, P=0.012) . The expressions of Bcl-2 protein in SNU-1 cells in the control group and the 12.5, 50.0, 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups were 1.00±0.00, 0.83±0.05, 0.60±0.14 and 0.41±0.23 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=10.63, P=0.004) . The 50.0 and 200.0 μg/ml procyanidin groups decreased significantly compared with the control group ( P<0.001, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Procyanidin can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of gastric cancer SNU-1 cells in vitro, which may be achieved by increasing intracellular ROS levels and reducing Bcl-2 protein expression.