This study is aiming to establish an efficient metabolite extraction method for exploration of molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica using a metabolomics approach. The extracts of metabolite in B. hygrometrica using methanol solution (method A) and methanol-chloroform-water solution (method B) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total numbers of chromatographic peaks, extraction efficiency, retention time and the peak stability were compared. The results showed that for fresh materials, the total chromatographic peak number of method B is more than that of method A; the extraction efficiency of nine representative metabolites by method B is higher than that by method A; the comparison of 10 random chromatographic peaks revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the retention time are less than 1% for both methods, whereas the RSD values of the extraction efficiency is different. The percentage of peaks that owned RSD values of the extraction efficiency higher than 10% is 50% for method A and 100% for method B. In addition, method B was also efficient for dry materials from B. hygrometrica. The number of chromatographic peaks, RSD value of retention time and extraction efficiency of dry materials was similar to that of fresh materials using method B, but decreased sharply using method A. Putting together, our study provided evidence that method B is an efficient extraction method for further analysis of metabolites from this resurrection species.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chloroform ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Methanol ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solvents

Background and purpose:A pressing obstacle in clinical chemotherapy is drug resistance in breast cancer.A nano-delivery system,which has many advantages as a drug carrier,such as carrying anticancer drugs,can be used effectively to overcome drug resistance in tumors.This paper examined a new nano-delivery system,called calcium phosphate and glycerophosphocholine-mPEG(CAP/GPC-MPEG)composite nanoparticle and its influence on the cellular drug uptake of BCRP-over expressing mitoxantrone(MIT)-resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7/MIT.This paper will also examine its effect on overcoming drug resistance in the MCF-7/MIT cells.Methods:After the calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were designed and prepared,the entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of mitoxantrone-loaded nanoparticles were investigated.Quantitative comparisons were made between cellular uptake of drug-loaded nanoparticles and free drugs.Finally,a confocal laser scanning microscopy Was used to compare the subcellular distribution of drug-loaded nanoparticles and the free drugs.Results:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles were nanoporous spherical particles with diameters between 50-100 mn.The MIT-loaded nanoparticles have an entrapment efficiency of(89.45±0.05)%.Although the drug-loaded nanoparticles showed an initial burst of drug release,it was followed by a more sustained release.The concentration of mitoxantrone was 1.89 times treated with MIT-loaded nanoparticles for 1 h compared to that treated with free mitoxantrone for 1 h in MCF-7/MIT cells.and which was 2.33 times in MCF-7 cells.Fluorescent red mitoxantrone appeared in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the MCF-7 and MCF-7,MIT cells treated with MlT-loaded nanoparticles whereas it is almost undetected in both cells treated with free mitoxantrone.Conclusion:Calcium phosphate and GPC-mPEG composite nanoparticles Can promote the cellular uptake and entering of mitoxantrone to the nucleus in MCF-7 and its corresponding BCRP-over expressing MIT-resistant MCF-7/MIT breast cancer cell lines.This nanoparticle is a potential nano-carrier for overcoming drug resistance in tumors.

Objective:To study the changes of Th17,regulatory T(Treg) cells and IL-17,IL-23 levels at acute phase and recovery phase in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) in order to further understand the immunological pathogenesis and provide help for treating HSP. Methods:The vein blood samples were collected from 65 children with HSP and 30 normal children. The proportion of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells were tested by FCM and concentration of IL-17 and IL-23 in plasma were tested by ELISA. Results:Compared with normal children,the levels of Th17,Th17/Treg and IL-17,IL-23 were in increase at acute phase in children with HSP(P<0. 05). At recovery phase,that were in decrease compared with the acute phase(P<0. 05),but still higher than the normal children(P<0. 05). Compared with normal children,the level of Treg was in decrease at acute phase in children with HSP (P<0. 01). At recovery phase,that was in increase compared with the acute phase(P<0. 01),but still lower than the normal children (P<0. 01). Among the simplex,abdominal and other type of children with HSP,the levels of Th17,Treg,Th17/Treg and IL-17,IL-23 were same( P>0. 05 ) . At acute phase in children with HSP, Th17 cells percentage had positively correlated with IL-17 levels ( r=0. 880,P<0. 01),IL-23 levels had positively correlated with Th17 cells percentage and IL-17 levels (r=0. 838 or 0. 877,P<0. 01). Conclusion:Th17,Treg,Th17/Treg,IL-17 and IL-23 are involved in the course of the immunological pathogenesis in children with HSP,but the levels of that have no significant difference among simplex,abdominal and other types,further researches need to be done.

After health information push service on Internet was investigated ,suggestions were put forward for impro-ving the health information service by making use of the Wechat public platform according to the incomplete and non-professional health information service , rampant advertisements and unaccessible personal information on Internet .

Objective To summarize the clinical efficacy of interventional treatment for lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans and its complications.Methods We analyzed sixty-nine patients with lower extremities arteriosclerosis obliterans undergoing interventional treatment from October 2011 to January 2013.During the same period,three patients were referred to us who suffered from the complications of interventional treatment.In these patients,eight were TASC ⅡA type,twenty-one were TASC Ⅱ B,twenty TASC Ⅱ C,and twenty-two TASC Ⅱ D lesions.All patients received CTA or DSA.Seventy patients were treated by interventional treatment,and two who had fractured stent underwent external iliacsuperficial femoral artery bypass grafting using artificial grafts.Results The technique success rate was 100％.The symptoms disappeared after surgery.During interventional treatment,one iliac artery ruptured,one patient suffered from arterial perforation and three patients suffered from distal embolization.Sixty-eight patients were followed-up for 9 ± 4 months.Conclusions Endovascular treatment has good early clinical efficacy.In order to reduce the incidence of complications,indication of interventional treatment should be controlled strictly and manipulation should be careful.

Objective:To investigate the effect of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in modulat-ing the effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invasion. Methods:Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to de-tect the expression of MALAT1 in samples of OSCC post-radical resection, normal oral mucosa samples, and oral squamous cell lines. MALAT1-siRNA was transfected into TSCCa human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. Cell migration and invasive ability were evaluated by scratch test and transwell assay. The expression of proteins that regulated invasion and apoptosis were examined using Western blot assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins in the cells. Tumor-bearing nude mouse models were established by subcutaneous implantation of TSCCa cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect up-regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9). Results:MALAT1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC than in normal tissues (P<0.05). MALAT1 expression was inhibited by transfecting MALAT1-siRNA. After MALAT1 expres-sion was down-regulated in TSCCa cells, proliferation was inhibited and invasion was attenuated, showing significant differences com-pared with the cells transfected with scrambled siRNA and control cells (P<0.05). Expression of N-cadherin and MMP-2/9 were down-regulated in the cells after MALAT1 was knocked down. Tumor growth was significantly slower in the MALAT1-siRNA group than in the control groups. IHC indicated that PCNA and MMP-2/9 expression of tumor tissues were significantly inhibited in MALAT1-siR-NA group. Conclusion:MALAT1 is over-expressed in human OSCC. MALAT1 reduction can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells. Furthermore, MALAT1 may promote OSCC invasion and metastasis by modulating EMT.

Objective To investigate the effect of radiation boost ( Boost ) on further improving overall survival ( OS) and intracranial progression-free survival ( IPFS) of small-cell lung cancer ( SCLC) brain metastases (BM) patients treated by whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods A retrospective analysis of 142 consecutive SCLC BM patients admitted between 2013 and 2015 was conducted after excluding those with historical prophylactic cranial irradiation (n=16) or SRT (n=10) or local RT alone (n=1).The Kaplan-Meier curve was utilized to calculate the survival rate. The log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were utilized to evaluate clinical prognosis. Results All patients were aged 59. 6 years old on average, and the female proportion was 23％. The quantity of brain metastasis lesion was 1 in 35％, 2-3 in 23％ and ≥4 in 42％, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy was 70％. The median OS was 9. 0 months and the median IPFS was 7. 3 months. The accumulative mortality rate in the non-radiation ( n=53 ) , WBRT ( n=33 ) and WBRT+ Boost ( n=56 ) groups was 92％, 79％ and 73％, and the accumulative failure rate ( death or new/relapsed brain metastasis) was 94％, 82％ and 80％, respectively. Compared with the non-radiation group, WBRT and WBRT+Boost therapies exerted significant effect upon OS ( P=0. 000 and 0. 000) and IPFS ( P=0. 000 and 0. 000) . Compared with WBRT alone, WBRT+ Boost treatment exerted no significant effect upon OS ( P=0. 41 and 0. 51) . Conclusions WBRT can significantly improve OS and IPFS of patients with SCLC-BM. However, concurrent and additional radiation boost does not further improve the survival rate.

Objective To evaluate the role of live webcast as a new medium in the propaganda and education of liver transplant recipients. Methods According to the contents of live webcast propaganda and education meeting for liver transplant recipients, relevant data of the live webcast meeting were counted and analyzed, including baseline data of participants, participation pattern, viewing frequency and duration, etc. The characteristics between live webcast and traditional propaganda and education meetings were compared. Results By the end of the live webcast meeting, 273 participants were registered, including 2 oversea participants and 271 from China. These domestic participants were from 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China. The total number of views was 1 526. Participants attended the meeting by clicking direct link (n=243), WeChat group access (n=22), WeChat chat access (n=7) and Dingding App access (n=1). The viewing duration was (68± 5) min. Compared with the traditional method, the number and places of registers of the live webcast propaganda and education meeting were increased. The questioning methods and filling out follow-up information were more convenient. Participants could attend the meeting free from charge anywhere, and saved more time. The live webcast propaganda and education meeting was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and data statistical method was optimized. Conclusions Live webcast as a new medium, has a wide range of advantages, which provides a novel form of propaganda and education for the recipients after liver transplantation. It is of significance to improve the long-term survival rate and to enhance the quality of life of recipients after liver transplantation.

Objective:To understand the views of various relevant personnel on the standardized training mode of resident doctors after the implementation of Beijing′s medical education synergy policy, so as to provide references for further improvement of China′s medical education synergy policy.Methods:From January to May 2019, a semi-structured interview method was used to investigate the resident training students, clinical teachers(professional postgraduate tutors and resident training trainees′ guiding doctors)as well as resident training managers in 35 resident training bases in Beijing. The original data of the interviews were sorted out, coded and analyzed by taking root theory and main frame method descriptive analysis.Results:A total of 687 valid interview results were received, of which 71.86% of the resident training managers thought that the mode was more reasonable and the advantages outweighed the disadvantages; 38.07% of the resident training students and 45.45% of the graduate supervisors mentioned that the mode effectively shortened the training time of clinical talents; however, 31.98% of the resident training students and 22.92% of the resident training students′ guiding physicians mentioned it was difficult to balance courses, scientific research and clinical work under this mode, 61.62% of graduate supervisors pointed out that the students were lack of time and energy to engage in scientific research.Conclusions:The training mode of the integration of the standardized training of resident doctors and the postgraduate training of master′s degree in clinical medicine, given its necessity and institutional advantages, is found with room of improvement in its mode setting, arrangement of scientific research courses and clinical rotation, supervision and assessment of the process.

Objective To analyze the concordance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations detected in plasma and matched tumor tissues in colorectal cancer patients, in order to provide good evidences to support plasma could be a potential surrogate of tumor tissue for gene mutation test. Methods One hundred and seventy?five cases of colorectal cancer were collected at the First Hospital of Jilin University, from October 2016 to October 2017.There were 101 males and 74 females, their ages ranged from 28 to 85 years,with median age of 59 years. The KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations in the plasma and paired tumor specimens of all patients were detected by next generation sequencing. Results The results of tissue samples test were gold standard. Comparison of the four genes showed that concordance rates between plasma and tissue samples were 81.1%(Kappa=0.543), 99.4%(Kappa=0.886), 99.4% (Kappa=0.886) and 97.7%(Kappa=0.714) respectively for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA. The plasma detection rates of these genes were related to tumor stage(P=0.001), but not to gender(P=0.468) and age(P=1.000) of patients. Conclusions The study shows a high concordance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations in plasma against mutation status in tumor tissue. In colorectal cancer, tumor tissue remains the best specimen for gene detection. However, patients from tumor tissue specimens cannot be obtained, especially those with advanced metastases, plasma can be used instead of tissue to detect the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA to guide targeted therapy.