Objective To investigate the preventive role of somatostatin in acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre aticography (ERCP) in different periods .Methods 570 cases were divided into four groups , the preoperative group(127 cases) ,the postoperative group(153 cases) ,the whole group(189 cases) and the control groups(101 ca-ses) ,and occurrences of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia were observed .6 h before the operation ,the preoperative group was given 3 mg somatostatin per 12 h by microdosis venous pump .In 12 h after the operation ,the postoperative group was given 3 mg somatostatin per 12 h by microdosis venous pump ,the whole group was given somatostatin 6 h before and 12 h after the operation , the control group was injected normal saline .Measurement of hyperamylasemia was made in 24 h after ERCP ,and clinical manifes-tations of acute pancreatitis were also observed .Results The incidences of PEP and hyperamylasemia were 4 .04% ,23 .86% ,re-spectively .The incidences of hyperamylasemia among the four groups were 23 .62% ,21 .57% ,13 .23% and 47 .52% ,and the inci-dences of PEP were 3 .15% ,4 .58% ,1 .59% ,8 .91% .The incidences of hyperamylasemia and PEP in somatostatin used groups were statistical lower than the control group(P<0 .05) .Compared with the preoperative group and the postoperative group ,the incidence of hyperamylasemia in the whole group had significant difference(P<0 .05) .Compare witn the postoperative group ,the incidence of PEP in the whole group also had significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Use of somatostatin can reduce the incidence of PEP and hyperamylasemia ,and the use of somatostatin before and after the operation have a better preventive effect .

Objective To detect the expression of β-catenin in the tissues of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and to discuss its function in PCNSL.Methods The paraffin embedded tissues from 10 patients diagnosed as PCNSL from October 2010 to April 2012 were collected as the experimental group.The paraffin embedded tissues from 10 patients with lymphadenitis were collected as the control group.Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expression of β-catenin in these tissues, and the relationships between β-catenin and clinical data were analyzed.Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that β-catenin protein was localized in the cytoplasm and (or) nucleus.Among 10 PCNSL patients, β-catenin protein was positive in 4 patients, while it was no positive in all of 10 lymphadenitis patients, with the significant differences between both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The β-catenin gene relative expression level was 4.70±0.57 and 1.00±0.27 in the experimental group and the control group, respectively.β-catenin expression was no correlation to age, PS score, cerebrospinal fluid protein level and serum lactate dehydrogenase level of patients with PCNSL.Conclusions Whether in mRNA level or in protein level, β-catenin expression is always high in PCNSL tissues, and its protein is expressed in the cytoplasm, however, this phenomenon was not observed in the tissue of lymphadenitis.

Aim To investigate the effect of preventive administration of icariin on learning and memory abili-ties and brain mitochondrial oxidative stress in senes-cence-accelerated mouse prone8 ( SAMP8 ) . Methods
The 6-month-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divid-ed into the SAMP8 model group, ICA groups (75, 150 mg · kg-1 ) , the positive Diethylstilbestrol ( DES ) group and estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182780 com-bined with ICA (150 mg·kg-1 ) group, with 8 mice in each group. 8 same month old SAMR1 mice were selected as the normal control group. After oral admin-istration for 8 weeks, Morris water maze test and step-down passive test were used to investigate the effects of preventive administration of ICA on learning and mem-ory abilities in SAMP8 mice. Cerebral cortex mitochon-dria were isolated to determine the effect of preventive administration of ICA on the oxidative stress by detec-ting reactive oxygen species ( ROS) level, lipid perox-ides ( MDA ) content, glutathione GSH content and catalase ( CAT ) activity. Results Preventive treat-ment of ICA could significantly improve the abilities of place navigation and space exploration of SAMP8 mice, enhance their reflex ability in step-down passive test. ICA could also reduce the level of ROS and MDA content, increase GSH content in brain mitochondria of SAMP8 mice. CAT activity was not obviously changed. Compared with ICA high dose group, the learning and memory abilities of mice in ICA and estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182780 co-administrated group were signif-icantly decreased. However,brain mitochondria oxida-tive stress was not changed obviously. Conclusion Preventive administration of icariin can significantly improve learning and memory abilities and brain mito-chondrial oxidative stress in SAMP8 mice. The mecha-nism of ICA improving learning and memory abilities may be related to its estrogen-like effect;while the ac-tion on brain mitochondrial oxidative stress may be in-dependent of estrogen receptor.

Objective To evaluate the recovery rate of erectile function (EF) and identify various factors predicting the recovery of EF in men undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in our center.Methods From January 2011 to December 2012,a total of 106 men with localized prostate cancer underwent LRP in our center by one surgeon were included,and we gathered the preoperative EF condition and perioperative factors,such as patients' age,comorbidity and surgical procedure,et al.We followed up all the patients by telephone in August 2013 to collect the EF recovery data of these paticnts after LRP,with the mean follow-up of 18 (8-31) months.We analyzed the perioperative factors in order to predict the EF recovery after LRP.Results A total of 60 patients with preoperative sexual activity were included,and there was no difference in baseline data compared with other cases.Recovery of potency was defined as postoperative penile erection.The recovery rate of EF was 46.7％ (28/60) without the use of any drugs or devices for erection assistance.In our study,the recovery rate of EF in age ≤60 years was 90.0％ (9/10),and it was better than other two older groups (P =0.001).In patients whose preoperative IIEF-5 score was 22-25,the recovery rate of EF was 66.7％ (8/12),and it was better than those with IIEF-5＜22 (P=0.006).The recovery rate of EF in patients with preserved neurovascular bundle was 53.1％ (26/49) and it was 83.3％ (5/6) in patients with preserved accessory pudendal artery,which was better than those without preservation (P=0.036 and P =0.023).Conclusions In our study,age and preoperative EF were the significant factors to predict potency recovery,and preservation of neurovascular bundle and accessory pudendal artery during LRP were the positive predictor factors.

Objective To assess the safety and feasibility of pure laparoscopic surgery for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 6 cases of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus from December 2010 to October 2014.The patients were all male.Their age ranged from 50 to 69 years and the body mass index ranged from 21.6 to 30.9 kg/ m2.Clinical manifestations included painless hematuria in 4 cases,low back pain in 1 cases and physical examination noticing in 1 cases.Imaging suggested the right renal tumor in 4 cases and left renal tumor in 2 cases.The tumor size ranged from 4.0 to 10.6 cm.The inferior vena cava tumor thrombus was found in all patients,including type Ⅰ thrombus in 3 cases and type Ⅱ thrombus in 3 cases.The length of type Ⅱ tumor thrombus ranged from 4.0 to 4.2 cm.We completed pure laparoscopic nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy in all patients.We chose retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery to treat right renal tumor with inferior vena cava thrombus and chose retroperitoneal combined with transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery to treat left renal tumor with inferior vena cava thrombus.Results All surgery were successful.Cancer embolus defluxion didn't occur during the opearation.The operation time was 224-873 min and the intraoperative blood loss was 200-5 000 ml.There were 4 patients get transfusion,which the transfusion volume ranged from 400 to 2 800 ml.For 1 case of left renal cell carcinoma with level Ⅱ inferior vena cava tumor,the operation time was 873 min,the blood loss was 5 000 ml,and the transfusion volume was 2 800 ml.Postoperative hospital stay was 7-14 days.And the pathological results were all renal clear cell carcinoma.In those patients,the Fuhrman grade classification was Ⅱ-Ⅲ.All patients were treated by targeted medicine to control tumor recurrence and metastasis.During the 6-48 months following up,no recurrence and metastasis were reported.Conclusions Pure laparoscopic surgery for right renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and left renal cell carcinoma with level Ⅰ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus is safe and feasible.However,long learning curve should be necessary for performing the left renal cell carcinoma with level Ⅱ inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.The effect of total laparoscopic surgery for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus is definite.

Objective We report our initial experience with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) for radical cystectomy and urinary diversion performed by a single surgeon using homemade singleport device.Methods From December 2010 and April 2011,7 LESS radical cystectomy were performed using a home-made single-port device composed of an inverted cone device of polycarbonate and a powderfree surgical glove.7 patients were all male,mean age was 66 (54-81) years and mean BMI (Body mass index) was 23.1 (20.9-25.3) kg/m2.The port was placed into a 5 cm periumbilical skin incision.The conventional laparoscope and laparoscopic instruments were inserted through the single-port.No additional ports were needed for radical cystectomy and bilateral standard pelvic lymphadenectomy.Cutaneous ureterostomy (3 cases) and ileal conduit urinary diversion (4 cases) were used for patients.Operative time,estimated blood loss,postoperative recovering time,oncologic data and complications were collected and analyzed.Results All the procedures were completed successfully.The mean operative time was 210.1 (155-280) minutes.The estimated blood loss was 300 (100-500) ml.The bowel recovering time 8 (4-12) days and postoperative hospital stay was 20 (13-34) days.One patient required a transfusion of 400 ml red blood cells.The pathologic evaluation revealed that there were one case of pT1N0M0,two of pT2aN0M0,two of pT2bN0M0 and two of pT3aN0M0.The high grade tumor in 4 cases and low grade in 3 cases.The surgical margins were negative in all the patients.All patients were node negative.After the operations,one case had a small bowel obstruction after three days and was treated by abrosia,fluid infusion and gastrointestinal decompression.Another patient died of cardiac disease at first day postoperative.Conclusions In our experience,LESS for radical cystectomy could be clinically feasible for selected patients,but it requires the learning curve.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure among residents in Shandong province, and to provide basic information for guiding people to prevent hypertension by reducing salt intake.

METHODSUsing multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 184 residents aged 18 to 69 were selected as the research subjects, which were extracted randomly from 20 counties in Shandong province in June, 2011. The blood pressure of the subjects were measured and weighted. Based on 72 h dietary recalls and weighing measurement, and according to the distribution of salt intake, the grouping cut-off points were 10, 14 and 18 g. The difference of subjects with different characteristics and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension by grouping salt intake and other characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between salt intake and prevalence of hypertension were analyzed.

RESULTSThe total of 2 133 residents were involved finally, the completion rate was 97.7%. After the complex weighted, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure's means (95%CI value) of the subjects were 121.0 (119.5-122.5) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 78.5(77.4-79.6) mmHg respectively, which were all elevated with increasing of salt consumption. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake <10 g was the lowest, which were 119.6 (116.9-122.4) mmHg and 77.5(76.2-78.7) mmHg respectively. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake ≥ 18 g was the highest, which were 122.3(120.1-124.5) mmHg and 79.6(78.2-80.9) mmHg respectively. The analysis results showed that, among residents with normal waistline, the prevalence of hypertension of people with salt intake ≥ 18 g was 1.70(95%CI:1.04-2.76) times compared to that of people who consumed less than 10 g salt per day.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension prevalence of Shandong province is quite high, and there is a relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence states of hypertension and prehypertension and to explore relevant influencing factors among adult residents in Shandong province.

METHODS15 600 residents aged between 18 and 69 from 20 counties in Shandong province were selected by multiple stratified and clustered sampling method from July to September, in 2011, to acquire related information by questionnaire survey and physical measurement. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was estimated by special statistic method used to deal with complex sampling data, and the relevant influencing factors were also analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 15 350 subjects were actually completed the survey, with age at (41.4 ± 14.1) years old. The average systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 121.1(95%CI: 119.7-122.4) and 78.8(95%CI: 77.8-79.9) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) respectively. And also 3776 hypertension patients and 5721 subjects with prehypertension were detected, and the weighting prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 23.4% (95%CI: 20.9%-26.0%) and 37.1% (95%CI: 34.7%-39.5%) with adjustive prevalence at 20.7% and 36.5% respectively. The multiple SURVEYLOGISTIC analysis showed that age above 40 years old (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 2.56-4.10), overweight(OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.70-2.89) and obesity(OR = 5.84, 95%CI: 3.54-9.66), smoking history(OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.03-3.23), constantly drinking (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.08-2.70), diabetes (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-3.07), abnormal TC(OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.24-2.17), abnormal TG(OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.24-2.48) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08) were risk factors of hypertension, while education equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89) was protective factor of hypertension; age above 40 years old (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.15-1.91), overweight(OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.25-2.48) and obesity (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 2.05-5.97), abnormal TC (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.10-2.14), abnormal TG (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.25-2.56) and high 24 h urine Na/K ratio (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04) were risk factors of prehypertension, while female (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.31-0.56) and education level equal to or above junior middle school (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.87) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension, especially prehypertension tends to be at high prevalence states currently, which may be affected by many factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of gamma-chain (γC) cytokines in regulating the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) in CD8+ T cells of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. MethodsA total of 23 CHB patients who attended Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, from January to May, 2017, were enrolled. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients, and Ficoll density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were stimulated with interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-15 (IL-15), and interleukin-21, respectively, and then anti-γC antibody and/or anti-IL-7Rα, anti-IL-2Rβ, and anti-IL-21R were added to the culture solution. After 96 hours of culture, flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of TIM-3, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-γ (IFNγ) and the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) in CD8+ T cells. A one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t-test were used for comparison of continuous data. ResultsThe CD8+ T cells stimulated by IL-7 and IL-15 had a significantly higher percentage of TIM-3-positive CD8+ T cells than those without stimulation (t=9.966 and 9074, P＜0.05), as well as significantly higher expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-γ and phosphorylation levels of STAT-5 and STAT-1 (all P＜0.05). Stimulation with anti-IL-7Rα and anti-γC antibody significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of TIM-3, IL-2, and IL-10 in the IL-7 stimulation group (t=5.537, 6.224, and 4.500, P＜0.05). Stimulation with anti-IL-2Rβ alone or in combination with anti-γC antibody significantly reduced the expression levels of TIM-3 and IL-2 and the phosphorylation level of STAT-1 in the IL-15 stimulation group (P ＜0.05). ConclusionIL-7 and IL-15 can upregulate the expression of TIM-3 in CD8+ T cells of CHB patients, possibly via the γC receptor-mediated STAT-cytokine signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics and the prognostic risk factors of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).Methods:A total of 2 245 HFRS patients who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from September 2008 to December 2021 were enrolled. Clinical epidemiological data (including gender, age, onset season, onset region, case fatality rate, et al) of HFRS patients were analyzed. The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with HFRS in the 2008 to 2012, 2013 to 2017, and 2018 to 2021 groups were compared. Statistical comparisons were performed using chi-square test. The Bonferroni adjusted P-value method was used for pairwise comparisons between groups, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen and evaluate the risk factors associated with the prognosis of HFRS patients. Results:The age of 2 245 HFRS patients was (42.3±15.9) years old. Most of them were male (79.24%(1 779/2 245)), and the main incidence area was Xi′an City (69.53%(1 561/2 245)). There were 132 deaths with an overall case fatality rate of 5.88%. There were 1 088 patients (48.46%) from 2008 to 2012, 647 patients (28.82%) from 2013 to 2017, and 510 patients (22.72%) from 2018 to 2021, with a mortality rate of 7.17%(78/1 088), 5.10%(33/647) and 4.12%(21/510), respectively. From 2008 to 2021, both the number of HFRS cases and the case fatality rate had shown a fluctuating downward trend. There were significant differences in case fatality rate, age distribution, onset season, and onset region among patients in the different year groups ( χ2=6.84, 49.22, 83.47 and 19.29, respectively, all P<0.05). The results of pairwise comparisons showed that the proportion of patients aged >60 years in the 2018 to 2021 group (23.33%(119/510)) was higher than those in the 2008 to 2012 group (12.13%(132/1 088)) and the 2013 to 2017 group (12.36%(80/647)), and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The proportions of patients at large peak (October to December) were 62.35%(318/510) in the 2018 to 2021 group and 56.26%(364/647) in the 2013 to 2017 group, which were both lower than that in the 2008 to 2012 group (75.18%(818/1 088)), and the differences were both statistically significant (both P<0.05). The case fatality rate of patients aged >60 years was 9.67%(32/331), which was higher than those of patients aged <30 years (2.86%(16/559)) and patients aged 30 to 60 years (6.20%(84/1 355)), with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age 30 to 60 years, age >60 years, smoking, complicated with hypertension, hypotensive shock and hypoxemia were significantly correlated with the prognosis of HFRS patients (odds ratio ( OR)=2.243, 3.632, 1.484, 3.532, 79.422 and 143.955, respectively, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that complicated with hypertension ( OR=2.467, P=0.004), hypotensive shock ( OR=11.658, P=0.001), and hypoxemia ( OR=67.767, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HFRS patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of HFRS has shown new changing characteristics from 2008 to 2021. The numbers of HFRS patients and the case fatality rates show a downward trend, and the proportion of HFRS patients aged >60 years increases. Complicated with hypertension, hypotensive shock and development with hypoxemia are the independent risk factors for the prognosis of HFRS.